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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ >@
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɂɆɋ ɬɢɩɚ 7'$ ɮɢɪɦɵ ,QILQHRQ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɂɆɋ 7'$
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɟ ɎȺɉɑ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸ
ɱɚɬɟɥɶ Ʉ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ
ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ Ʉ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ 5 ɢɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɚ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɎȺɉɑ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɂɦɟɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɟɫɲɭɦ ɧɨɣɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢȻɒɇɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɪɨɝɨɦɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ 5
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
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ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
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ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȼ |
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ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɦȺ |
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ȼɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ'f |
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ɤȽɰ |
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ɢfnp = ɆȽɰɦɤȼ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ |
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ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɇɑ ɩɪɢUɜɯ |
ɦȼ |
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'f ± ɤȽɰ ɢfnp ɆȽɰɦȼ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨɣ |
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ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɢUex = ɦȼ, 'f = ± ɤȽɰ |
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ɬ = ɢfnp = ɆȽɰ, ɞȻ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ |
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ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɇɑ |
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ɩɪɢUex ɦȼ 'f = ± ɤȽɰ ɢfnp |
ɆȽɰ |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ |
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Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ȼ |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦȼ |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɆȽɰ |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɦȺ |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɦȺ |
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Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɋ |
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Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɑȾ Ɏɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ Ɏɋɐ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ
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arctg ¨ |
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© [ A |
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ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ |
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ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ |
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dɷ |
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ɌɨɝɞɚtgM A ɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɮɚɡM |
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ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦȺ: |
Ⱥ = arctgM 0 = arctg85 |
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ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ |
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ɉ t 'fm |
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ɤȽɰ; |
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ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɉ Â I Â Gɷɜɵɪɚɡɢɦ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɺɦ Gɷ |
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ɷ |
ɉ |
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G |
'f |
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Ʉɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ
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SɑȾ I |
ȽɋɌ Rɧ |
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S fɩɪ dɷ |
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ɝɞɟ ,ȽɋɌ Ⱥ±ɬɨɤ ȽɋɌ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ ,ȽɋɌ Ⱥ
Ɂɚɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɑȾUɜɵɯɑȾ ȼɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɟɢɡ ɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ
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Rɧ |
UɜɵɯɑȾ |
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Ɉɦ |
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IȽɋɌ |
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Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɭ |
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SɑȾ |
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ɋɧ |
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Ɇɜ |
ɧɎ |
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S F |
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R |
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ɦɚɤɫ |
ɧ |
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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ |
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S M |
M S |
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Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɑȾ ɨɬ ɞɟɜɢɚ
ɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ɊɢɫȾɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɑȾ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ⱦɏ ɫɜɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
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)ɩɱɆȽɰ |
ǻI Ƚɰ |
ȗ |
ij ɪɚɞ |
8ɜɵɯɑȾɦȼ |
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͵ǡή |
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͵ǡ͵ ή |
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ʹǡ ͻ ή |
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ʹǡή |
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ʹǡ ή |
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ʹǡ ή |
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͵ǡ ή |
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͵ǡ ή |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ > @
11.5.1. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɺɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ
9Ɍ9Ɍɫɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣɜɜɢɞɟɬɨɤɨɜɨɝɨɡɟɪɤɚɥɚɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ 9Ɍ 9Ɍ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ 9Ɍ 5 5 5ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɍɌ
ɍɌ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ 5 ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ 9Ɍ 5
5 5ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɬɢ 9Ɍ 9Ɍ ɜɤɥɸɱɺɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ
ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ 9Ɍ 5
5 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ ɨɬ
ɫɟɱɤɨɣ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥȼ
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ 5 5 ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɵ
ɯɨɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɦɟɬ
ɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɨɥ
ɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɧɭɥɸ ɜɨɥɶɬɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ 5 5 ɋ ɩɚ ɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɯɨɞɭɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ 5 5 ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɋ ɋ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ
ɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɩɢ
ɬɚɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɜɵɯɨ
ɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɦɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɨɦɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ
ɉɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɺɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚ
ɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ
ɪɚɞɢɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɟ
11.5.2. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ
Ɋɚɫɱɺɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵ
ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɨɤ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ 5 5 ɋ ɋ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
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UɉPLQ tUH PD[ IH PD[ R UɄɗɧɚcVT Uɉɭɥɶɫ |
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UɉPLQ tUH PD[ IH PD[ R UȻɗVT UɂVT Uɉɭɥɶɫ |
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ɝɞɟ UɄɗɧɚcVT ± ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɍɌ ɩɪɢ ɬɨ
ɤɟIH PD[
Uɉɭɥɶɫ± ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
UȻɗVT – ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɛɚɡɚ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
9Ɍ
UɂVT ± ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫ
ɤɚɞ
UɂVT PLQ | UɄɗɧɚcVT IɂVT R |
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UɄɗɧɚcVT ± ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ 9Ɍ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɤɟIɂVT IɂVT ± ɬɨɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɡɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
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IɂVT | IȻɗVTPD[ |
IH PD[ |
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h ɗVT |
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ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɦ ɜɵ
ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɢ ɪɚɟɦɨɝɨɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɡɚɩɚɫɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢ ɫɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɩɟɪɟ ɞɚɱɢ ɬɨɤɚ Kɗɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟ ɪɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɄɌ ɢ ɞɪ Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɄɌ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 8Ʉɗɧɚɫ ȼ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ Kɗ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 8Ȼɗ ȼ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɤɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɇɦɚɯ Ⱥ > @ Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ 5 ɜɤɥɸɱɺɧ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ > @ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɟ ɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɗɬɨɦɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ 5 5 Ɉɦ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ,ɇ 5 Â ȼɬ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ȼ ɢ Ⱥȼ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȼ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɜɚɬɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɫɬ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɇɢɠɟ ɜ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɫ ɱɺɬɚ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɤ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɭ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɧɚɩɪɹ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ 8ɇ ɆȺɏɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 8ɉ
Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɄɌ Ȼ ɢ ɄɌ Ȼ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ȼ ! ȼ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ Ⱥ ! Ⱥ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɪ
ɩɭɫɟ ɌɈ > @
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɦ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ
ɝɞɟ ,ɧ&ɪ ± ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɟ
ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ȼɬ ɇɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ > @ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ > @
ɝɞɟ , ± ɬɨɤ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ 9Ɍ 9Ɍ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬ ɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥȼ ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɬɨɤ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ > @
ɉɪɢɦɟɦ ɬɨɤ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ 9Ɍ 9Ɍ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ
ɦȺ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ
ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɄɌ Ȼ ɢ ɄɌ Ȼ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɌɈ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ȼɬ ! ȼɬ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɚɡɭ 9Ɍ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
ȼ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧ
ɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ 9Ɍ ± ɄɌ Ȼ 9Ɍ ± ɄɌ Ȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ
ɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟ
ɪɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨ
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɄɌ Ȼ
ɄɌ Ȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ȼ > @ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜ
ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ ɪɚɜɧɚ
ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ȼɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞɚ Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɄɌ Ȼ ɄɌ Ȼ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ 8Ʉɗɧɚɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢ
ɬɨɤɟ Ⱥ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ȼ > @ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɬɨɤɚ 9Ɍ
5 5 5 ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ȼ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢ
ɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɋ ɋ
Ȭɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɋ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ 8ɉɍɅɖɋ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ,ɉɈɌɊ ɭɪɚɜɧɟ ɧɢɟɦ > @
ɝɞɟ Ɍ ± ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɨɦ
ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɫɟɬɢ Ƚɰ
Ɍɨɤɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ
Ɍɨɝɞɚ
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɋ ɋ ɦɤɎ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ 9Ɍ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɤɚɤ 9Ɍ ± ɄɌ Ȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ 9Ɍ 9Ɍ ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 8Ʉɗ9ɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢ ɫɬɨɪɚ 9Ɍ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ 8ɋɆɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɵ ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɉɪɢ ɬɨɤɟ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ , ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɦȺ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨ ȼ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ