1курс / 1 сем / вычислительная техника Бабедрин / книги по ВТ / Схемотехника_радиотехнических_устройств
.pdf
G f |
|
|
|
|
|
ɤȽɰ |
|||
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ > @
11.2.1. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟ
ɧɟɧɵ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ȻɉɌ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɍɊɑ ± ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ
ɧɚɹ ± ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɫɤɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɍɊɑ
ɌɚɤɚɹɫɯɟɦɚɍɊɑɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɦɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɨɞɧɨɦ ȻɉɌ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ Ɉɗ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪVT1 ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɈȻ DVT2 – ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ Ɉɗ ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ Ɉɋ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɂɡ ɡɚ ɧɟɺ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢ ɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɚ ɬ ɤ ȼɑ ɢ ɋȼɑ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɎ ɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢ
ɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɆȽɰ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɤɨɷɮ
ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ȼ ɤɚɫɤɨɞɧɵɯ ɠɟ
ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣ
ɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɧɨ ɝɞɟ ɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɉɨɹɫɧɢɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ Rl, R2, R5 – ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɚɯ ɬɪɚɧ ɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜɍɊɑɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɬɨɱɤɢɋɷ, ɋɛ – ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ Ɉɋ ɩɨ ȼɑ &, & ± ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟ ɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɭɪ2.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɍɊɑ ȻɉɌ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹh1ɷ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ K21ɷ ɧɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
fɝ ! f ɆȽɰ
ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɬ ɟ ɫ ɞɨ ɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟɊɤɦɚɤɫ d ɦȼɬ;
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ± ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹUɤɷ> ȿɩ = ȼ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɤɨ ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɲɭɦɚ ɩɪɢɺɦɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɲ |
ɒɩɪ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kɒɞɛ ORJKɲ ɞȻ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ 6 ɮɢɪɦɵ 1(& ɗɬɨ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɵɣ ɷɩɢɬɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɨ ± ɩɥɚɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɳ ɧɵɣ ɋȼɑ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ Q S Q ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɋȼɑ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ 6& ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ ɢ ɪɢɫ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
||
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ |
|
|
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
|
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚIɄȻ0, ɦɤȺ ɩɪɢUɄȻ ȼ |
|
|
|
|
,ɗ = |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ ,ɗȻ ɦɤȺ ɩɪɢUɗȻ = 1 ȼ Iɤ = |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ,ɤ.ɦɚɤɫ, ɦȺ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ± ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪUɄɗɦɚɤɫ, ȼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ± ɛɚɡɚUɄȻɦɚɤɫ ȼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ ± ɛɚɡɚ 8ɗȻɦɚɤɫ ȼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɟ |
|
|
|
|
ɊɄɦɚɤɫ, ɦȼɬ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ Kɷ ɩɪɢUɤɷ |
ȼ |
|
|
|
,Ʉ =20 ɦȺ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ƚɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢfɝɪ, ɆȽɰ ɩɪɢUɤɷ = ȼ |
|
|
|
|
Iɤ = 20 ɦȺ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚɄɒɞȻ, ɞȻ ɩɪɢUɤɷ |
ȼIK = 1 ɦȺ, |
|
|
|
f = 1 ȽȽɰ; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ȭɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɋɤ, ɩɎ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢWɤ ɩɫ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɋɢɫɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ
ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟ
ɝɪɭɡɤɢ
U0K = 3,5 B;ɢ0Ȼ = 0,65 ȼ;
I0Ʉ = (1...5) ɦȺ ɦȺ;
h21ɷ |
h ɷɦɚɤɫ h ɷɦɢɧ |
|
|
|||||
I Ȼ |
I k |
|
|
|
|
ɦɤȺ |
|
|
h ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
U ɷ |
ȿɩ |
ȼ |
|
|
|
|
||
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɊɌ ɇɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨ |
||||||||
ɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'I k |
'I k 'I k 'I k 'I k |
|
|||
ɝɞɟ'I k ± ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɊɌ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɚɧ
ɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ
|
|
|
D |
§ |
't |
· |
|
|
|
|
|
m |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
ɋ |
|
¸ h ɷ |
|
|
|
'I k |
|
IɄȻ |
¨ |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
© |
|
¹ |
|
|
ɝɞɟ ,ɄȻ0 IɄȻDɋ Ⱥ – ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɋǻW |
ɋ ± |
|||||||
ɞɟɜɢɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɬ = ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ȼɨɡɶɦɺɦɬ = 5. |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
§ |
|
· |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
ɦɤȺ |
||||
'I k ¨ |
|
¸ |
||||||
© |
|
|
¹ |
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɞɟ'I k ± ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɊɌ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɚɧ ɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ
|
'I k |
't |
h ɷ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
RɜɯVT |
|
|
ɝɞɟRɜɯVT =h11ɷ – ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ |
|
|||
|
RexVT = h ɷ = rɛ + rɷ + h ɷ |
|
||
|
|
|||
ɝɞɟ UȻ – ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
r |
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
Ɉɦ |
||||
|
ɋɤ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
ɛ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
rɷ – ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ |
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
r |
MɌ |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
I k |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
||
ɝɞɟMT ȼ ± ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
Ɉɦ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶrɷ ɢrɛ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ |
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RɜɯVT h ɷ |
O |
Ɉɦ |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹRɜɯVT ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɦȺ |
|||||||||
'I k |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
'I k – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɊɌ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ K ɷ
'I k 't 'I k ɦɤȺ
'I k – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɊɌ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɛɪɨ ɫɨɦh21ɷ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ȁȁȁȁ |
|
ο ʹ ˠ |
|
|
|
ο |
|
|
ή ǡ |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
ʹ ˠ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ˆˇˈ ο ʹ ˠ ˋˊˏˈːˈːˋˈ ː˃ Ǥ Ψ ː˃ ˑ˕ ʹ ˠ Ǣ |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
οȁȁȁȁ |
ʹǤʹ |
ή ͵ ή ͵ ή ʏ Ǥ͵ ˏʏ Ǣ |
|||
|
|||||
ʹʹǤ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɊɌ ɩɨ
ο ͺ͵ǡ ή ǡ ͵͵ ή ͺ ή ǡ͵ ήǡ ͻ ˏʏ Ǥ
11.2.2. Ɋɚɫɱɺɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɍɊɑ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚVT1:
Rɷ |
U ɗ |
|
En |
|
I ɗ |
|
I k I Ȼ |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɉɦ |
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸRɗ = Ɉɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥRɗ = Ɉɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢ ɫɬɨɪɚVT1, ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚɣɞɺɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rɷ h ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
Rɛ |
|
|
h ɷ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɞɟF – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ Ɉɋ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
'I k |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
ɝɞɟ'I kɞɨɩ = (0.1...03) I0Ʉ |
|
|
'I kɞɨɩ |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
'I kɞɨɩ |
I k |
|
|
|
A |
ɦɤȺ; |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ǥ ͻ ή |
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
ή |
|
ʹǤͺʹͺǢ |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢRɛ: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
R |
|
|
ɤɈɦ |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
ɛ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹR1 ɢ 5 |
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I Ⱦ |
|
UoȻ U ɗ ȿɩ UoȻ U ɗ I Ȼ RȻ |
ɦɤȺ |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
ȿɩ RȻ |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɡɧɚɹ ɬɨɤ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦR2:
R |
U Ȼ U ɗ |
ɤɈɦ |
|
||
|
I Ⱦ |
|
|
|
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸR2 = ɤɈɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥR2 = ɤɈɦ
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵR1 ɢR2 ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚ ɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦR1
R |
R RȻ |
ɤɈɦ |
|
R R |
|||
|
|
||
|
Ȼ |
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸR1 ɤɈɦɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥR1 = ɤɈɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚVT2 Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚRɷ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɜɢɞ
|
|
|
|
|
|
U ɷ U K |
|
|
|
Rɷ |
|
|
|
ɤɈɦ |
I K I Ȼ |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸRɷ ɤɈɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨ ɦɢɧɚɥRɷ = ɤɈɦ;
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢVT2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rɗ |
h ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
RȻ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h ɷ |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FȻ |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɞɟFȻ – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ Ɉɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
|
Rɷ h ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
Ȼ |
R h ɷ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Ȼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
|
|
ɤɈɦ |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
Ȼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹR3 ɢR4 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
I |
Ⱦ |
U Ȼ U ɗ U k En U Ȼ U ɗ U k I Ȼ RȻ |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
En RȻ |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɦɤȺ |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɂɧɚɹ ɬɨɤ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦR4 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
U Ȼ U ɗ U k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɤɈɦ |
|
||
|
|
|
I Ⱦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸR4 ɤɈɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥR4 = ɤɈɦ;
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵR3 ɢR4 ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚ ɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦR3
R |
R RȻ |
|
ɤɈɦ |
|
R R |
|
|
||
|
Ȼ |
|
|
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸR3 ɤɈɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥR ɤɈɦ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜɋɷ ɢ ɋȻ: Ȭɦɤɨɫɬɶɋɷ ɪɚɫ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rɷ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
S f Cɷ |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
ɢɥɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pɎ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
S f |
R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
S |
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
ɷ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɋɷ SɎ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥ ɋɷ = pɎ.
ȬɦɤɨɫɬɶɋȻ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
Rɛ
S f Cɛ
ɢɥɢ
ɋȻ |
|
|
|
pɎ |
|
|
|
||
S f |
R |
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Ȼ |
|
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɋȻ pɎ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥ ɋȻ SɎ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɚRɎ ɋɎ
ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚRɮ
|
|
|
|
|
|
'URɮ |
En ȼ |
||
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɺɦ ɪɚɫɱɺɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚRɮ ɢɋɮ |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
'UR |
|
|
|
Rɮ |
ɮ |
|
Ɉɦ |
|
I k I Ⱦ I Ȼ |
|
|
||
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸRɮ = Ɉɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥRɮ = Ɉɦ.
Ȭɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚɋɮ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rɮ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S |
|
f Cɮ |
|
||
ɂɥɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cɮ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɧɎ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
S f |
R |
|
|
S |
||||
|
|
|
ɮ |
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɋɮ ɧɎ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥ
ɋɮ = ɧɎ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢVT2
Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ
ɢ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ > @ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨ ɛɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɭVT2Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɚVT2 ɤ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
|
p |
d |
ɷ |
|
|
ky |
|
|
|
|
|
S f |
S C |
|
|
||
|
|
p U |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
k |
|
|
ɝɞɟkɭ = ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢS – ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ ȼȺɏ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
S |
I k |
|
J MT |
|
|
|
|
ɝɞɟɭ = ± ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
S |
|
ɦȺ ȼ |
ɪ2 = ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ ɳɟɦɭ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɭ Ɋɉɍ ɉɑ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɜ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɭS, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢɪ1
ɪ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
S |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
3.2.2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɍɊɑ
ɄɍɊɑ
S |
U |
p p |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
dɷ |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ> @
11.3.1. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ȻɉɌ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɍɊɑ ± 6& ɟɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ȻɉɌ ɜ ɫɦɟ
ɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɜ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɟ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɉɑ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ
–U0K = 3,5 B;
–U0Ȼ = 0,65 ȼ;
– I0K l...5) ɦȺ 3 ɦȺ;
±I |
Ȼ |
I Ʉ |
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱥ ɦɤȺ |
h ɷ |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
– U0ɗ=0.1 ȿn |
|
% |
|
|
||||
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ