1курс / 1 сем / вычислительная техника Бабедрин / книги по ВТ / Схемотехника_радиотехнических_устройств
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ɊɢɫȻɚɥɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɨɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɩɹɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚɦ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɚɡɟ ɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɨɤɨɜ
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɚɡɟ ɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɩɨ ɚɛ ɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɬɨɤɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɨɛɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ /ɤ &ɤ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ ɫɜɹ ɡɢ /ɫɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɉɎ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵ ɰɟɩɹɦ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɫɯɟɦɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɤɢ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɚ ɬɭɲɤɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɉɨ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶ ɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬ ɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ
ɉɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɪɚɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɧ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹȼɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯɩɪɢɟɦɚɢɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱ ɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɚɪɚɥ ɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ Iɩɱ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɲɭɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧ ɬɭɪɚ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ 8ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ IF ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɧɚ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨ
ɞɢɧɚ 8ɝ ± ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɭɥɹ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ
ɉɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɧɵɦ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɧɟɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɤɨɪ ɩɭɫɨɦ ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɢ 5 5 ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɜɟɧ ± ɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɨɧ ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧ ɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɤɥɸ ɱɟ ɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ 5 ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɸ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɬɨɱ ɤɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɭ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɸ ɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɭ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɬ ɟ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ 5 ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ 5 ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɭ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
Ɋɢɫȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɗɬɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɹɞɨɦ Ɏɭɪɶɟ
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ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɟ
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Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɤɚɧɚɥɚɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɬ ɤ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧ ɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨ ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
Ⱦɢɨɞɵ 9 9 ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɥɟɱɢ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɟɣ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ± ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɉɨɞ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ ȼ ɩɨɥɨ
ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɨɞɵ 9
ɢ 9 ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɫɨ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɨɞ
ɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɊɢɫɄɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ȼ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɞɢ
ɨɞɵ 9 ɢ 9 ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɦɚɥɵɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟ
ɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ± Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨɬ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧ
ɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɉɑ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚȦcɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧ ɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚȦɝ FRQVW ɪɢɫ
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ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
Iɩɪ ± ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ Iɫ ɢ Iɝ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Iɫ Iɝ± Iɩɪ ± ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ I& Iɡɟɪɤ Iɫ Iɩɪ ± ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɩɨɦɟɯɚ Iɩɪ Iɝ± Iɫ ± ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɩɨɦɟɯɚ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɧɚ ɝɚɪɦɨ ɧɢɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ IɉɊɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ IPLQyIPD[ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Ɋɉɍ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɩɪɨɛɤɭ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ IɉɊ
Ɋɢɫɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɉɑ
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɟɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ
ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɉɑ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɉɑ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɟɧɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɉɑ ɝɞɟ IɁɄ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɩɨ ɡɟɪ ɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ
ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ IɉɊ
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ IɉɊɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ IɉɊIPLQ yIPD[ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ ɇɚ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɡɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɫɬɢɤ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
IɉɊɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ©ɭɞɚɥɟɧɚª ɨɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɨ ɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɹ ɦɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ IɉɊɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ± ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɵ IɁɄɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɍɉɑ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ Ɋɉɍ ɋȼ ɢ Ʉȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ IɉɊɈɆ ɤȽɰ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ Ɋɉɍ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ IɉɊ ɦȽɰ
ɞɥɹ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ IɉɊ ɦȽɰ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ IɉɊɈɆ ɦȽɰ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɡɜɭɤɚ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ Ɋɉɍ IɉɊ ± ɦȽɰ
ɋɜɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɯ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ
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ɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ ȼȺɏ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ |
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ IɉɊɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɍɉɑ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɞɟ ɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ IɉɊɢ IɄɈɆȻɂɯ ɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɞɟɬɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Ɋɉɍ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɢ
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fɉɊ fɄɈɆȻ |
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ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ± ©ɫɜɢɫɬɨɜª ɂɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɨɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ
ɂɡ ɡɚ ɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧ ɰɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɫɬɵɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ
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ɂɯɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ±ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɨɬɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɢɫɬɨɜ
Ȼɨɪɶɛɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɢɫɬɚɦɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɜɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɍɗɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ 8&ɞɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɧɵɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ IɉɊ
Ɉɞɧɨɪɭɱɟɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɋɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧ
ɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ«ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ»Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɭɱɤɨɣ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɢɫ
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Ʉɨɧɬɭɪ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ |
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Ɋɢɫɋɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɋɄ ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɋ ɢ ɋ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɄɉȾ ɩɪɢ IȽ! Iɋ
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ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ |
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ɞɥɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɄɉȾȽ |
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Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ɄɉȾȽɄɉȾɋ
ɉɪɢ IȽIɋɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ
ɄɉȾȽ Ʉ |
ɉȾɋ |
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ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɄɉȾɋ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɨ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɧɵɯ Ɋɉɍ ɛɟɪɭɬ IȽ!Iɋ
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɧ ɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ IȽPLQɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ & ɚ ɧɚ IȽPD[ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ &
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
ɊɢɫȽɪɚɮɢɤ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɋɄɜɵɩɨɥ ɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɭɝ ɥɨɦD ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ± ɬ ɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟ ɦɚɹ«ɩɪɹɦɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ»ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ Ʌɢɧɢɹ ȺȻ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟ ɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ I&ɨɬ ɭɝɥɚD ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧ ɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɋɤ Ʌɢɧɢɹ ȼȽ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚ
ɫɬɨɬɵ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ IȽɢɞɟɚɥ
f Ƚɢɞɟɚɥ fC f ɉɊ
Ʌɢɧɢɹ Ⱦȿ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ IȽɛɟɡ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚ ɬɨɪɨɜ ɋ ɢ ɋ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɚ ɧɚ I& PD[ ɢ I& PLQɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɋ ɢ ɋ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ IȽɅɢɧɢɹ ɀɁ ± ɷɬɨ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɋ ɢ ɋ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ IȽPLQɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ & ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ &ɉɈɅɇ Ƚɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɨɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɋ ɢ ɋ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɇɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ IȽPD[ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ & ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɬɟ ɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɶɸ ɋ ɢ ɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
Gf f Ƚ f Ƚɢɞɟɚɥ f Ƚ fC f ɉɊ
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫ
ɊɢɫɄɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ I ɢ I ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫ I& PD[ɢ I& PLQ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯGI ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɨ ɧɚ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ I yI ɢ I yI ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɚGI ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ I& PD[ ɢ I& PLQɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ I ɢ I ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚGI ɛɵɥɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɚ ɛ ɜ ɝ
ɋɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɋɢɮɨɪɨɜɚ ȼ ɂ
ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɨɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɪɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ_įI_ɦɚɯɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɢɫ ɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ
G f ɉɋ d ɉɍɊɑ
PD[
ɝɞɟ ɉɋ± ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɉɍɊɑ± ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɞɥɹ ɍɊɑ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɪɟɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪ Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɉɍɊɑ t ɉɋ G fPD[
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ
Ʉɚɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ"
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɛɟɡ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫ ɢɧɜɟɪ
ɫɢɟɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ"
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɑɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɬɪɺɯɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ
ɧɨɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ" ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɫɭɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɟɟ ɧɚɯɨɠ
ɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ" Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɵɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɱɚ
ɫɬɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ"
ɑɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ" Ʉɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ"
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɫɭɩɟɪɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ" ɉɪɢ
ɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɜɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ" ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɢɨɞ ɋȼɑ" ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧ ɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ