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ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɭɱɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ Ʉ ɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ Ʉɩ ɩɪɢ ȟ ȟɩ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɜ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟ
ɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
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Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ |
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ɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ |
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ɂɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɢ ɷɤɜɢ
ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢ
ɦɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚ ɦɟɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ȟ ɬɟɦ ɲɢɪɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟ ɦɨɣ Ⱥɑɏ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
4.7.2. ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
Ⱦɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪɨɜ / & ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧ ɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ș N Gɷɝɞɟ N 0 / ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ɇ ± ɜɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚɦɢ Gɷ± ɷɤ ɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
Ɋɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɜɟɧ
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Ɉɧ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪɨɦ ɫɨɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɧɚ
ɱɚɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ș ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɞɪɭɝ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚ Ⱥɑɏ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ ɤɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɑɏ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ Ⱥɑɏ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɫɢɥɢ ɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ ɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɜ ɜ ɧɢɯ ȟ ɧɚ Ș
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɢɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɑɏ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
Ɋɢɫɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɬɪɢɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɆɋɉɢɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɨɜɫɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɤɚɦɢ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɬɪɢɤɰɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ Ⱦɠɨɭɥɟɦ ɜ ɝ
Ɉɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɢ
ɤɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɦɚɥɥɨɣ ɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ¨/ /
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬ Ɇɋɉ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ
ɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ± ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɞɢɫɤɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɢ ɢɡ ɭɩɪɭ
ɝɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 4ɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
Ɇɚɥɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɞɥɢ
ɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɗɆɉɎ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɤȽɰ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɉɞɛ ± ɤȽɰ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɤɚ ɧɚɥɭ ± ɞȻ 5ɜɯ ɤɈɦ 5ɜɵɯ ɤɈɦ Ɂɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ± ɞȻ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ Ⱥɑɏ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɤɢɥɨɝɟɪɰ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɝɚɝɟɪɰ
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ,ɜɵ ɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ
Ɋɢɫɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɉɥɟɱɚɦɢ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɵ 4 ɢ 4 ɢ ɞɜɟ ɩɨɥɨ
ɜɢɧɵ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ / ȼ ɨɞɧɭ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤɨɧ
ɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋ ɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ± ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ / & Ʉɨɧɬɭɪɵ / & ɢ / & ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɄɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ
Ȧ ξ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ Ȧ ξ ɝɞɟ
& ɋ ɋ 
& &
Ɋɢɫɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɚ
Ʉɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɚ 4 ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ įI ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɚ 4 ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ įI ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɚ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɦɨɫɬ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɛɚ ɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɢ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ / & ɦɚɤ ɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚ ɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɫɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɤ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢ ɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɤɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɧɨɫɬɶ
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ ɉȺȼ Ɏɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɚ ɉȺȼɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɨɧɤɭɸ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɢɡ ɩɶɟɡɨɤɟɪɚ
ɦɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɲɬɵɪɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ȼɒɉ
Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɵɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ȼɒɉ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɲɬɵɪɹɦɢ ɤɚɠ
ɞɨɣ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɲɬɵɪɹɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɬɢ
ɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɮɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɲɬɵɪɟɦ
Ɋɢɫɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɣ ȼɒɉ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɠɚ ɬɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɟɜɜɢɞɟɉȺȼɫɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɦ ɫ
ȼ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɦ ȼɒɉ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉȺȼ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɑɏ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɲɬɵɪɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ
ɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɲɬɵɪɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ ± ɚɩɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɲɬɵɪɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ Ⱥɑɏ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɨ
ɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɩɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɧɚ ɉȺȼ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɆȽɰ ȽȽɰ
Ʉɚɬɭɲɤɚ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨ
ɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɱɚ
ɫɬɨɬɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɟɥɟɤ
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
Ⱥɩɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɹ ± ɷɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɂɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ Ⱥɑɏ ɛɥɢɡɤɭɸ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨ
ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɭɸ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɧɚ ɉȺȼ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɡɚ
ɤɨɧ ɚɩɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɑɏ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɨ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ
ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɌɅȼ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ Ɏɑɏ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ
ɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ Ⱥɑɏ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ
Ʉɚɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɍɊɑ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ"
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ"
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɍɊɑ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɍɉɑ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɍɊɑ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɍɊɑ ɢ ɍɉɑ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɥɢ
ɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ < ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɤ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ < ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ
ɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ <ɜɯ" ɑɟɦɭ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢ
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɍɊɑ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ"
ɑɟɦɭ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɍɊɑ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚ
ɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ" ɑɟɦɭ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢ
ɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ"
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɑɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ" ɑɬɨ ɬɚ
ɤɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ"
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ"ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɫɯɟɦɭɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɭ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ ɉȺȼ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
Ɍɟɦɚ ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ> @
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɉɪɟɨɛ ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɉɗ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ Iɝ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹ ɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ Iɩɪ ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɉɗ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ Iɫ ɢ Iɝ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɉɗ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɜɢɞɚ
QIȽ r PI&
ȼ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚ ɥɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ P ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣ ɧɵɦ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ
ɉɪɢ Q ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɩɪɢ Q ! ±ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚ-
ɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɉɪɢIɩɪ IF± QIɝ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɟɡ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɪɢ
Iɩɪ QIɝ ±IF ±ɫ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡ
ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɉɗ ± ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ Ƚ ± ɝɟɬɟ
ɪɨɞɢɧ Ɏ ± ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɉɗ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹ
ɠɟɧɢɹ Ƚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ Iɝ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ ɉɗ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ
ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɤ ɉɗ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ȼȺɏ , ij 8 ɩɪɢɥɨ
ɠɟɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 8ɝ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟ
ɳɟɧɢɹ ȿɫɦ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɉɑ
Ɋɢɫɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɵ ɉɗ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ
ɉɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚX (ɫɦ 8ɝɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɉɗ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚɛɭɞɟɬɢɡɦɟ ɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 6 ɞɨ 6ª
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ
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ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ȼȺɏ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ 6 X ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ X ɋɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 8ɝ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ 6 ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɡɦɟ
ɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɠɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɸɳɭɸ 6 ɢ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɭ 6
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ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ |
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S S FRVZɝt Uɋ FRVZɫt Mɫ |
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Ɍ ɟ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɉɗ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ Iɫ Iɝ Iɫ |
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Iɝ ±IF).ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ |
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ɬ ɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɉɗ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ 8ɫ ɢ ɫɨ ɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɮɚɡɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɉɑ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɉɑ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɉɑ
Ɍ ɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɉɪɢ 8ɝ 6 i ɩɪ ± ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɑɟɦ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 8ɝ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 6 ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟi ɩɪ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ,
ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ 8ɩɪ ɤ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚ ɥɚ 8F
.ɩɪ 8ɩɪ
8F
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨ ɞɢɧɚ
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ (ɉɗ)
ɉɑ ɧɚ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ ɛɟɡɵɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɉɗ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶ ɧɵɟ
ɉɑ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ ɛɟɡɵɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɉɗ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɨɞɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɬɭɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɢɨɞɟ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ
ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɨɦɫ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɨɦ
ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɉɗ
ɫ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɉɗ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɉɗ ɨɞɢɧ ɉɗɛɚɥɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɞɜɚ ɉɗɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɉɗ
ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟ
ɧɟɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ± ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨ ɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ Iɩɪ Iɫ± Iɩɪ
ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ± ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɤɨ ɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ Iɩɪ Iɝ± Iɫ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨ
ɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɬɪɟɯɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Ɍ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɬɨɤ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ɍ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ