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ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ S ȡJ ɢ ɡɚɬɭ ɯɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ S ȡJɜɯ ɫɥ
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± ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ |
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ȼɵɪɚɡɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ 8ɜɯɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɨɤ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ |
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ɬɨɤɚ< 8ɜɯ |
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɟɧ |
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ɉɪɢ \ ɧɚɣɞɟɦɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ȼɵɪɚɡɢɜ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɢ |
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ɦɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ |
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GN S UJ S UJɜɯɫɥ |
S S |
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ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ
ɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɟɧ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɡɚ ɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɡɚ ɬɭɯɚɧɢɸ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɦɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
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Gɷ GN |
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SRSW UJ SRSW UJɜɯɫɥ |
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ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ |
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Gɷ GN |
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Gɷ GN |
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SRSW |
UJ |
SRSW |
UJɜɯɫɥ |
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ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɣɞɟɦɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
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J Jɜɯɫɥ |
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ɂɡɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɩɪɢɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ ɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɢ \ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ \ \ɩɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
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ɂɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɉɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ
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ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨ
ɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Ʉɨɧ
ɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ I
Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ
ɳɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ
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<ɜɯ < '<ɜɯ ɝɞɟ |
'<ɜɯ |
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ɉɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ¨<ɜɯɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ <ɧɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ <
Ɂɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢ ɦɨɫɬɢ ¨<ɜɯɧɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɉɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɱɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ
ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɟɦɤɨ
ɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɋɤ ɉɪɢɦɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɱɚ
ɫɬɨɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɭ
ɬɢɡɧɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɟ
ɡɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɱɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
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ȼɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ < <ɧɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɤ ɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢ ɬɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸ ɱɟɧɢɹ S
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± ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
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Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧ
ɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
ɊɢɫɁɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɂɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɨ
ɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɡɨ
ɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢ ȟ ± ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ
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ɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ
ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ɉɪɢ < ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɉɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ <
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦ ɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɋɚɦɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ± ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɤɚ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ ɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɉɨɞ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɢ ɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ
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ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ ɩɪɢ Ʉɭɫɬ ɂɡ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮ ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ ɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ± ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɱɟɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ ɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɂɡ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɹɜ ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨ
ɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ
Ʉɭɫɬ ɞɨɩ
ȼɵɹɫɧɢɦ ɤɚɤɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ
ɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ
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ɂɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨ ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɜ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ ɛɵɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɦɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɭɫɬɨɣ ɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ Ʉɭɫɬ ɞɨɩɧɚɣɞɟɦɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
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ɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɱɥɟɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɦ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɇɚɭɤ
ɋɋɋɊ ȼ ɂ ɋɢɮɨɪɨɜɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɟ
ȼ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ȼ ɂ ɋɢɮɨɪɨɜɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɬɪɚɧ
ɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ©ɚɧɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɟɬɤɚª ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
ɥɚɦɩɵ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ȼ ɂ ɋɢɮɨɪɨɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɞɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢ
ɬɟɥɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟ
ɦɟɧɬɚ ɂɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ
ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɉɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉ ɄɭɫɬȾɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɪ ɢɥɢ ɪ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
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ɝɞɟ
dɗ dɄ p U G p U GH
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɭɫɬɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡ ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɜɧɟɲ ɧɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɢɤɚɫɤɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɚɡɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɟɩɶ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɮɚɡɨɢɧɜɟɪɬɨɪ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɋɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɮɚɡɨɢɧɜɟɪɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 51&1
ɗɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɯ
ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ Ʉɚɫɤɨɞɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ± ɷɬɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨ
ɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɟɡ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ Ɉɋ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ Ɉɋ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɗɬɨ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ©Ɉɗ ɈȻª ©Ɉɗ Ɉɗª ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɋɯɟɦɵ ©Ɉɗ Ɉɗª ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɚɯI ±ɆȽɰɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɍɉɑɪɚɞɢɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɊɉɍɋɯɟɦɵ ©Ɉɗ ɈȻª ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢ ɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ ©Ɉɂ ɈɁª ©Ɉɂ Ɉɂª
ɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ
4.7.1. Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ (ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɚ)
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢ
ɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ
Ɋɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɹɦɢ
I I GI I I GI ɝɞɟ I ± ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ Gɷ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ
ɊɢɫȾɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ
ɇɚɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵȺɑɏɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɄ ɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɄ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ Ⱥɑɏ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɞɟ Ʉ Ʉ Ʉ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɜɟɧ
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ɝɞɟ Ʉ ɢ Ʉ ± ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɚɫ ɤɚɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ȟ ɢ ȟ – ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɜɧɵ
ɊɢɫȺɑɏ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ Ʉ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ Ʉ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ Ʉ
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[I I
I Gɷ ± ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨ
ɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ
[ GI
I Gɷ
± ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮ
ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ
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ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦ ɞɚɟɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶ ɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɪɢ ȟ ɢ ɟɳɟ ɞɜɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦɚ ɩɪɢ
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ɉɪɢ ȟ ! Ⱥɑɏ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɝɨɪɛɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɚ ɩɪɢ ȟ – ɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɛɨɣ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢ ȟ
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ