1курс / 1 сем / вычислительная техника Бабедрин / книги по ВТ / Схемотехника_радиотехнических_устройств
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ɇɚɣɞɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɢɡ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ |
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Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɚ
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ɂɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪ ɢɡ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ
Ɂɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɢɡ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɪɚɜɧɨ
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ |
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ɂɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ
ɟɧɬɚ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢ
ɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɨ
ɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɢɡ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ ɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɟɧ ɪɚɜɟɧ
Gɷ U
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ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɨɝɥɚ
ɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɢɡ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ
ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ʉɨɩɬɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɹɟɦ |
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Ʉ ɚ ɨɩɬɢɡ ɢ Ʉ ɚɢɡ ɩɪɢ 0 |
0RSWɢ ɭɱɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ0RSW |
NRSW //ɫɜ |
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5$ 5 |
$ Z /F |
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5$ Z /F |
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5$ Z /F |
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5$ |
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Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ |
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ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɟ ɞɪɨɛɢ |
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$ Z /F |
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$ Z /F |
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ 5$ |
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Z /F ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ |
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ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ
NRSWPLQ |
Gɷ |
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ɂɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɞɪɨɛɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɢ /F ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ
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5 |
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/F |
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Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ
Ʉɚɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɺɦɧɢɤɚ"Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɰɟɩɹɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɺɦɧɢɤɨɜ"
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸɫɯɟɦɭɜɯɨɞɧɨɣɰɟɩɢɂɡɤɚɤɢɯɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ"
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ" ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟɫɯɟɦɭɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣɜɯɨɞɧɨɣɰɟɩɢɫɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɶɸɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɫ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ
ɬɨɜ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɤɚɩɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤ
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɑɏ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɢɧɨɱ
ɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ
ɑɟɦɭ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɦ"
Ɍɟɦɚ ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ >@
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɦ
Ɋɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ
– ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
Ɋɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɋɜɟɪɯɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ʉɜɚɧɬɨɜɵɟ
–ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɟ
Ⱦɢɨɞɧɵɟ
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
–ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ɋ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ
ɋ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
–ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɋ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ
ɋ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ
–ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɍɊɑ
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɲɭɦ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɇɢɡɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ
ɉɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚ
ɫɬɨɬ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɍɉɑ
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ
ɇɢɡɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚɯ ɛɟɡ ɍɊɑ ɢ ɞɢɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɬ ɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜ
ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɧɚ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɇɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɨ ɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɚɤ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟ
ɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɫ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɢ Q ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ Ɋɟɡɢ
ɫɬɨɪ 5ɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɤɚ ɗɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ 5ɡ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɬɜɨɪ Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ &ɢɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɨ ɩɟ ɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ / ɟɦ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɋɧ ɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚ ɬɨɪɚ ɋɩ
Ʉɨɧɬɭɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ
ɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ S ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ
ɜɯɨɞɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ
ɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ S ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ 5ɮ ɋɮ Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋɪ ± ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
ɊɢɫɌɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɫ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨ
ɪɚɯ
ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋɪ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ
ɰɟɩɶ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Ɍ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ
Ɋɢɫɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ
ȼ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Ɍ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɋɫ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ɍ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ
ɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ S ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ
ɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ S ȼ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Ɍ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ Ɍ ɢ Ɍ ɗɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ Ɍ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ8ɪɟɝɱɟɪɟɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɝɭɥɢ ɪɨɜɤɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ 5ɮȺɊɍɋɮȺɊɍɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɤ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Ɍ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ ɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ȿ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ Ɍ ɛɵɥ ɡɚ ɤɪɵɬ ɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ Ɍ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥ ɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ©ɨɛɳɢɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɤª Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚ ɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɫɤɨɞɧɵɦɢ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɫɤɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ± ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ ɜɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 5ɢ ± ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨ ɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ 5ɡ ± ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɤɨɧ ɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɋ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɡɚɬɜɨɪ Ɍ ɫ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɋɮ 5ɮ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨ ɪɨɜ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ± ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ
ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ± ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɍɊɑ ± ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɦɚɥɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ 5ɜɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ȼ ɍɊɑ ɧɚ ɋȼɑ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵɬɭɧɧɟɥɶɧɵɟɞɢɨɞɵɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɂ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɍɊɑ ɢ ɍɉɑ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ ɞɢɦɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶȾɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɪɟɡɨ ɧɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɢɡ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɝɞɟ Ⱥɑɏ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦɢ ȼ ɍɊɑ ɢ ɍɉɑ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢ ɚɧɬɚɫɯɟɦɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɫɯɟɦɵɫɈɗɢɈȻɧɚɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ Ɉɂ ɢ ɈɁ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɫ Ɉɗ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɥɭɱɚɬɶɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɣɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɫ ɈȻ ± ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬ ɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɜɨɥɧ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɯ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɟɧ ɍɊɑ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚ ɜɢɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɍɉɑ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ Ʉɭɩɱ ·
ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɨɦ ɪɢɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɢ ɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ < ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
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ɩɪɢ 8 |
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ɝɞɟ< |
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Ɋɢɫɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
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ɩɪɢ 8 |
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± ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ
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ɩɪɢ 8 |
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± ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ
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± ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ
ȼ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛ ɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ <
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɟ ɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟ ɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ < 6
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ
ɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɬɨɤɚ < 8 ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜɤɥɸ ɱɟɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ < Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ<ɧ
ɂɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɢɫ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ
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ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɦ8 ɱɟɪɟɡ8
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ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɡ ɞɟɥɢɜ, ɧɚ8 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɢɫ
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Ɋɢɫɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ |
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ɂɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɛ ɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ< z ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ<ɜɯɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɟ ɠɢɦɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ < ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɫ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ɊɢɫɈɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ
ɫ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ /N ɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ &N
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ
ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ Ʉɨɧ ɬɭɪɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɜɰɟɩɶɫɬɨɤɚɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɜɤɥɸɱɟ ɧɢɹSɢɜɨɜɯɨɞɧɭɸɰɟɩɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɜɤɥɸɱɟ ɧɢɹ S
Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ 5ɡ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ 5ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɟɡɢ
ɫɬɨɪ 5ɮ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɤ
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɨɬ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ ɩɢ
ɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɍɱɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ < ɡɚɦɟɧɢɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ J ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɋ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ <ɜɯ ɫɥɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜ ɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ Jɜɯ ɫɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɋɜɯ ɫɥɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤ ɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ /ɤ ɟɦɤɨ ɫɬɶɸ &ɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɟ JNȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɍɩɪɨɫɬɢɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɢɫ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ J JN
Jɜɯ ɫɥɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ Jɷɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɋ ɋɤ ɋɜɯ ɫɥɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɋɤ
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Jɷ |
JN |
S J |
S |
Jɜɯɫɥ |
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&N |
&cN S & S &ɜɯ ɫɥ |
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ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɢɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧ
ɬɭɪɚ
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ɝɞɟ |
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Gɷ JN S J S Jɜɯɫɥ U |
GN S UJ S UJɜɯɫɥ |
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ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ GNɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ