Оглавление

Imagery in Translation 2

Prose Translation Techniques 3

Translating Jane Austin into Russian 4

Translating Lawrence into Russian 6

Translating E.Waugh into Russian 6

Poetry Translation Techniques 7

Translating W.Shakespeare into Russian 9

Translating John Keats into Russian 10

Translating Shelley into Russian 12

Translating Alexander Pushkin 14

Translating Dostoevsky into English 15

Imagery in Translation

Translation Principles and Choices:

Intuitive vs. Considered Choices: A translator should not rely solely on intuition but consider various factors such as the purpose of the translation, cultural differences between source and target audiences, and the temporal and geographic contexts.

Example: Translating a modern Russian novel for English readers would require consideration of historical context and cultural nuances that may not be immediately obvious.

Methods of Translation:

Literal Translation: This method follows the source language closely, used often in translating technical or very specific texts where the exact wording is crucial.

Example: Technical manuals or ancient texts where precise words carry significant meaning.

Literary Translation: Focuses on capturing the spirit and style of the original work rather than adhering strictly to the original wording. This method is preferred for most literary works.

Example: Translating a Russian novel into English might involve finding English literary phrases that evoke the same feelings and images as the Russian text.

Poetic Translation: Involves a creative approach where the translator has more freedom to interpret and recreate the original text’s poetic elements like rhythm, imagery, and emotion in the target language.

Example: Translating poetry where maintaining the rhyme scheme and meter in English may require significant alterations to the literal wording of the original Russian.

Challenges in Literary Translation:

Cultural and Aesthetic Differences: Words and phrases in one language may evoke different feelings and images in another due to cultural differences.

Example: The Russian word «белогвардеец» might be translated as "white guard," but this direct translation may not carry the same historical or emotional weight in English as in Russian.

Importance of Contextual and Cultural Adaptation:

Translators must adapt the source text to fit the cultural context of the target audience while preserving the author's original intent and style as much as possible.

Example: In translating irony or humor, direct translation often fails to convey the author’s original tone, requiring creative adaptation to match the target language's cultural expectations.

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Translation:

Theory: Involves understanding the psychological, linguistic, and cultural theories underpinning how languages convey meaning.

Practice: Entails applying translation strategies that balance fidelity to the original text with making it accessible and engaging for the target audience.

Example: Translating a complex Russian literary work into English may involve theoretical knowledge of both languages' poetic forms and practical skills in writing compelling English prose.

Translator’s Role as a Cultural Mediator:

A good translator acts as a bridge between cultures, facilitating a deeper understanding and appreciation of the source material by the target audience.

Example: When translating classic Russian literature, the translator must convey the historical and cultural context to an English-speaking audience possibly unfamiliar with Russian history and social norms.