answer sheet 3 курс_1 сем

Name: Anastasia Kovalchuk	Group: MLi04-20	Romance Philology and Translation Department
Total Score:	Mark:	Teacher’s Signature:

General Theoretical Course of English

Module Test

Variant 5

1. When is a word a coinage?

A word becomes a coinage when it’s made on purpose or just comes up naturally to express an idea. Coinages happen to fill gaps in language or talk about new things. They can happen to fill gaps in language or talk about new things. They can happen by mixing existing words, taking from other languages, or making up entirely new ones. So, a coinage is a new word that brings something fresh to the language.

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2. Which word-formation process is the source of the English word guesstimate?

The process of word formation that is the source of the English word "guesstimate" is blending or portmanteau. Blending occurs when parts of two or more words are combined to create a new word with a meaning that reflects the elements of its component words. In the case of the word "guesstimate," it combines the words "guess" and "estimate" to convey the idea of a rough or approximate calculation or judgment.

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3. Which 2 processes were involved in the creation of the verb FedEx, as in I need to FedEx this package by tomorrow.

There are two word-formation processes involved in the formation of the verb "FedEx":

Conversion: In this case, "FedEx" began as a proper noun, the name of a company (Federal Express). Through conversion, it was transformed into a verb meaning the action of sending a package using Federal Express services.

Eponymy: The verb "FedEx" is also an example of eponymy, where the name of a brand or person becomes a generic term for a specific action. In this context, "FedEx" has become synonymous with the action of sending a package through a courier service, regardless of the actual service provider.

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4. Which process is involved in creating sweetie?

The process of forming the term "sweet" is diminutivization, or the formation of affectionate diminutive forms. A suffix, in this case "-ie", is added to the base word "sweet" to convey a sense of endearment or affection. The resulting term "sweet" is a colloquial and affectionate way of referring to someone, often used to express tenderness or warmth.

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5. Identify the different word-formation processes in the following sentence: "Many people get the flu during the winter."

1. conversion

2. abbreviation

3. blending

4. clipping

The word "flu" is used as a noun, but it can also function as a verb in this sentence, indicating an instance of conversion.

6. What is the basic idea behind the Pooh-pooh theory of language origin?

The "Pooh-pooh theory" theory of language origin, proposed by the American linguist Charles F. Hockett, suggests that language evolved from instinctive sounds or gestures that evolved into more complex forms of communication. According to this theory, simple expressive sounds or gestures slowly became conventional and symbolic, forming the basis for the development of language. The term "Pooh-pooh theory" itself is an example of a simple expressive sound that, according to the theory, may have evolved into more complex linguistic expressions. The theory emphasizes the idea that language emerged from instinctive, natural vocalizations and gestures rather than from intentional, planned actions.

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7. How many morphemes are there in the word terrorists?

a)1

b)2

c)3

d)4

1. "terror" - the root or base morpheme

2. "-ists" - a suffix indicating a group or category

8. How many regular inflectional morphemes are there in English?

a)1

b)2

c)3

d)4

In English, there are two regular inflectional morphemes:

-s (or -es): Marks plural nouns (e.g., cats), third person singular present tense verbs (e.g., runs), and possessive forms (e.g., John's).

-ed: Marks regular past tense verbs (e.g., walked) and past participle forms (e.g., talked).

9. What is the difference between the -s morphemes in the words cakes and makes?

The difference between the "-s" morphemes in the words "cakes" and "makes" lies in their grammatical functions:

"Cakes": This is a plural morpheme in this context. It indicates that there is more than one cake.

"Makes": This is a third person singular present tense morpheme for the verb "make." It indicates that the subject (he, she, it) is acting as making something.

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10. What is suppletion? Give the example

Suppletion occurs when completely different words are used for different forms of a word category. An example in English is the verb "to be":

Present tense: I am, you are, he/she/it is

Past tense: I was, you were, he/she/it was

Here, the words "am," "are," and "is" don't share a common root with "was" and "were," illustrating suppletion.

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11. How many adverbs are there in the following sentence:

Extremely massive entities progress at a notably sluggish pace.

a)1

b)2

c)3

d)4

Extremely (modifying the adjective "massive")

Notably (modifying the adjective "sluggish")

12. Define the tense and voice of the verb in the following sentence: My parents were married in Rome

In the sentence "My parents were married in Rome":

Tense: The verb "were married" is in the past tense. It indicates that the action of getting married occurred in the past.

Voice: The verb is in the passive voice. In the passive voice construction, the subject ("My parents") receives the action rather than performing it.

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13. What is category of mood?

In grammar, "mood" is a category that reflects the speaker's attitude towards the action of a verb. The three main moods in English are indicative (for stating facts), imperative (for giving commands or requests), and subjunctive (for expressing hypotheticals or wishes).

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14. What is the basis of the categorization of English verbs as transitive, intransitive, ditransitive?

The categorization of English verbs as transitive, intransitive, or ditransitive is based on the number and type of objects a verb can take in a sentence:

Transitive Verbs: These verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning. The action of the verb is transferred to an object. For example: He ate (transitive) an apple (direct object).

Intransitive Verbs: These verbs do not require a direct object to complete their meaning. The action is complete without needing to transfer to an object. For example: She slept (intransitive).

Ditransitive Verbs: These verbs can take both a direct object and an indirect object. The direct object receives the action, and the indirect object benefits or is affected by the action. For example: She gave (ditransitive) him (indirect object) a book (direct object).

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15. What is the main difference between generative grammar and traditional grammar?

Generative grammar, developed by Noam Chomsky, aims to uncover universal rules for generating sentences. For example, it explores the abstract principles that allow us to form sentences like "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously."

Traditional grammar, on the other hand, focuses on established rules for correct language usage. For instance, it might prescribe not ending a sentence with a preposition, as in "This is the book I was looking for."

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16. What is the distinction between competence and performance in the study of syntax?

In syntax, competence refers to an idealized, basic knowledge of grammatical rules that allows speakers to generate and understand sentences. For example, it allows speakers to distinguish between grammatical and ungrammatical sentences.

On the other hand, performance refers to the actual use of language in real-life situations, which is affected by factors such as memory and speed of information processing. It can lead to deviations from grammatical rules in spoken or written language despite the speaker's competence.

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17. Which of the following are co-hyponyms? apple, peach, plum, potato, watermelon, onion

Co-hyponyms are words that share the same hypernym (a more general term) but are not necessarily synonymous with each other. In the above list:

Apple, peach, and plum are co-hyponyms because they all refer to fruits.

Potato and onion are co-hyponyms because they are both types of vegetables.

Watermelon is not a co-hyponym with the others because it is in a different category, being a type of fruit.

So, the co-hyponyms in this list are apple, peach, plum, potato, and onion. __________________________________________________________________________

18. Which of the following are gradable adjectives? angry, big, boring, cheap, cold, expensive, frightening, impossible, necessary, perfect, ruined

The gradable adjectives in the given list are: angry, big, boring, cheap, cold, expensive, frightening, perfect, and ruined.

These adjectives can be used to express different degrees or levels of the described quality. For example, something can be very expensive, slightly cold, extremely frightening, etc. The adjectives "impossible" and "necessary" are typically considered non-gradable as they represent binary states without degrees in between.

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19. What stylistic device is used in the sentence:

They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate.

1)Metonymy

2) Synecdoche

3)Metaphor

The stylistic device used in the sentence "They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate" is – Metaphor (3)

In this sentence, the comparison between the two individuals and continents suggests a metaphorical relationship, emphasizing the vast and unbridgeable differences in their experiences and feelings.

20. Write out the given words into 8 columns according to their origin:

Balcony, lift, shall, neurosis, waltz, son, do, rendezvous, violin, will, wine, temple, husband, cafe, old, abbot, dog, architecture, serenade, fresco

native words	Latin borrowings	French borrowings	Scandinavian loan-words	Greek borrowings	Italian borrowed words	German borrowings	Spanish loans
Do Will Old Dog Lift	Temple Architecture Neurosis	Rendezvous Cafe	Husband	Abbot	Violin Serenade Fresco Balcony Wine	Waltz Shall Son	-

21. Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric old gentleman (O.Henry).

a) personification; b) metonymy; c) simile.

22. Find a word with two free morphemes:

a) unbearable c) merry-go-round b) first-nighter d) childhood

23. Which of the words is more frequently used in the USA than in Britain?

a) subway c) tube b) underground d) metro

24. Find a word with two free morphemes:

a) unbearable c) merry-go-round b) first-nighter d) childhood

25. Find an example of a subordinative compound:

a) fifty-fifty c) snowball b) actor-manager d) walkie-talkie

максимальна кількість балів

100

100-90 89-75 74-50 49 балів і менше

„5“ 20 балів „4“ 16 балів „3“ 12 балів „2“ 8 балів

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