- •Методична записка
- •(І) the english tenses
- •1. Put the following verbs in the 3rd person singular.
- •3. Expand the following into sentences in order to make true statements with doesn't or don't where necessary.
- •Water boils at 1oo°c
- •4. Read the following extracts and put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous. Then, say what use of these tenses each extract shows.
- •Adverbs of Frequency
- •5. In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example.
- •6. Michael McIntosh is a politician. Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.
- •State verbs
- •Verbs which express likes and dislikes: like, love, hate, dislike, enjoy, prefer; etc.
- •Verbs of perception: believe, know, notice, remember, forget, recognise, understand, realise, seem, think, etc.
- •Verbs of the senses: see, hear, feel, taste, look, smell, sound. We often use can or could with these verbs when we refer to what we see, hear, etc. At the moment of speaking.
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Present Perfect Personality Quiz
- •10. Fill in the gaps with recently, how long, yet, for, always, ever, already, since, so far or just. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or continuous, using short forms where appropriate.
- •12. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.
- •Have gone (to) / Have been (to)
- •13. Fill in the gaps with have/has been (to) or have/has gone (to).
- •14. Translate into English.
- •15. Choose the correct answer.
- •16. Underline the correct tense.
- •17. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •18. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •19. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •20. Choose the correct answer.
- •21.Correct the mistakes.
- •22. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions and postpositions. Find in the text all phrasal verbs and learn their meaning.
- •1. Write the past simple of the verbs in the list in the correct box.
- •2. Write the past simple of the verbs in the box, then read them out.
- •3. Write the simple past tense form of the verb. Then find that word in the puzzle below.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. Then, say which uses of these tenses are shown in each extract.
- •6. Join the sentences using as, when and while, as in the examples.
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. Which was the longer action in each sentence?
- •8. A policeman is asking Mrs Hutchinson about a car accident she happened to see yesterday. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
- •10. Imagine that you were present when these things happened, then, in pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example.
- •Used to / Be used to / Get used to
- •11. Rewrite each person's comment using used to or didn't use to.
- •12. Choose the correct answer.
- •13. Translate into English.
- •14. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with one of the verbs from the list in the past perfect continuous.
- •16. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense.
- •17. First, say which action happened first, then join the sentences using the words in brackets, as in the example.
- •18. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
- •19. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •20. Translate into English.
- •21. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •22. Underline the correct tense.
- •23. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense.
- •24. Underline the correct preposition.
- •25. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •27. Correct the mistakes.
- •28. Insert the article where it is necessary.
- •Future forms
- •The Future Simple
- •Be Going To
- •Present Continuous
- •Will / Shall
- •1. In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example.
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the future simple.
- •3. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple, the present simple or the present continuous.
- •Future Continuous
- •4. You want to ask your friend to do something for you. Use the prompts below to make questions, as in the example.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple or the future continuous.
- •6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.
- •Future Perfect
- •Future Perfect Continuous
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or the future perfect continuous.
- •8. Choose the correct answer.
- •B will have seen
- •C will be seeing
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous or the future perfect.
- •10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •11. Underline the correct tense.
- •12. Study the following situations, then make sentences using the correct future tense.
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.
- •14. Underline the correct tense.
- •15. Put the verbs into the correct future tense.
- •16. Correct the mistakes.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •18. Fill in the correct preposition.
- •19. Choose the correct answer.
- •20. Make questions and complete the short answers, as in the example.
- •21. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, the present simple, the present continuous or the present perfect.
- •22. Underline the correct word(s).
- •23. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •24. Fill in the blanks with the articles "a /an", "the" or "—".
- •25. Use the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.
- •26. Translate into English.
- •(Іі) the passive voice
- •Uses of the passive
- •They are building a new public library
- •A) When he arrived home a detective arrested him
- •1. Use either active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in parentheses.
- •2. Use active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in parentheses.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •4. Put the following into the passive voice. The agent should not be mentioned except in numbers 11 and 28.
- •2. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.
- •9. They are pulling down the old theatre.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Put the following into the passive, mentioning the agent where necessary.
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive or active form.
- •8. Turn the following sentences into the active voice. Where no agent is mentioned one must be supplied.
- •Reported speech
- •1. Fill in the gaps with say or tell in the correct tense.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the correct pronoun or possessive adjective.
- •3. Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
- •4. Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
- •5. Turn the sentences into reported speech. In which of the following sentences do the tenses not change? In which do they not have to be changed? Why?
- •6. Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
- •7. Turn the following into reported questions.
- •8. Yesterday, Marion met a couple who were on holiday in London. They were looking at a map. She asked them some questions. Turn them into reported questions.
- •9. Fill in the gaps with the introductory verbs in the list in the correct form.
- •10. Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
- •11. Turn the following dialogue into reported speech.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Turn the text into reported speech using appropriate introductory verbs.
- •(Iіі) modal verbs
- •1. Analyse the form 'could' in the following sentences. State whether it denotes the past or the unreality of the action. Translate the combinations of 'could' with the infinitive.
- •2. In the following sentences 'could' denotes unreality. Refer the situation to the past by changing the form of the infinitive.
- •3. Translate into English. Pay attention to whether 'could' denotes the past or the unreality of the action.
- •II. The imperative meaning:
- •5. Translate into English. Use Patterns 2, 3, 4, 5:
- •Strong Doubt
- •6. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •8. Translate into English. Use Pattern 6 (a and b):
- •Very Strong Doubt
- •9. Refer the statement to the past by changing the form of the infinitive.
- •10. Translate into English. Use Pattern 7 (a and b):
- •11. Express strong and very strong doubt about the statements made in the following sentences.
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Make the following sentences more emotional by transforming them according to Pattern 8:
- •14. Translate the following sentences. State in what meaning the modal verb 'can' is used. Name the pattern and give the Ukrainian equivalent.
- •15. Translate into English:
- •16. Translate into English:
- •Prohibition
- •Request (mostly ironic) or Suggestion
- •Reproach
- •17. Ask for permission to do smth; give permission to do smth.; prohibit an action; express a request, a reproach using the following word combinations:
- •18. Translate into English. Give two variants where possible:
- •19. Transform the following sentences into ironic requests or suggestions according to Pattern 13. Change them into expressions of reproach according to Pattern 14.
- •21. Translate into English:
- •22. Translate into English. Use the Continuous infinitive to express doubt about an action in the present, the Indefinite infinitive to express doubt about a future action:
- •23. Translate the following sentences. State in what meaning the modal verb 'may' is used. Name the pattern and give the Ukrainian equivalent.
- •24. Express doubt about the statements made in the following sentences. Make the doubt stronger by using more and more emphatic expressions:
- •25. Fill in the blanks with 'may', 'might', 'can', 'could'. Give two variants where possible:
- •26. Translate into English. Use sentence patterns with 'can' and 'may'. Give variants where possible:
- •27. Fill in the blanks with 'must' or 'have':
- •29. Fill in the blanks with 'must', 'to have', 'to be'. Pay attention to whether the action is only necessary or necessary and expected:
- •30. Translate into English:
- •Prohibition
- •31. Make the following orders and prohibitions stricter by using 'to be’ instead of 'must'.
- •32. Translate into English. Give two variants in each case:
- •Near Certainty
- •33. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •39. Use the following word combinations to compose imperative sentences of, varying degrees of strictness. Give milder forms first.
- •40. A. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •41. A. Fill in the blanks with 'must', 'have', 'be'. Give variants where it can be done without changing the meaning. Introduce the particle 'to' where necessary:
- •42. Change the meaning of the following sentences. Use the verbs 'need' and 'have' to show that the actions are n о t necessary. Give two variants in each case.
- •Absence of Necessity for a Performed Action
- •Absence of Necessity in the Past
- •44. Translate into English:
- •45. Translate into English:
- •Permission Not to Do
- •46. Compose sentences giving permission not to do the actions mentioned in the following interrogative sentences.
- •47. Translate the following sentences. State in what meaning the modal verb 'need' is used. Name the pattern and give the Russian equivalent:
- •Certainty
- •49. Ask for instructions concerning the actions named below.
- •50. Translate into English. Use Pattern 26:
- •51. Advise smb to do or not to do the actions named below.
- •52. Give advice in answer to the following statements. Use the word combinations in brackets.
- •Criticism of a Past Action
- •53. Criticize the actions named in the sentences below.
- •54. Change the following expressions of advice into criticism of a past action by changing the form of the infinitive.
- •57. Translate into English. Use the indefinite infinitive speaking about the present or future, the perfect infinitive speaking about the past. Consult Pattern 30.
- •58. Translate the following sentences. State in what meaning the modal verb 'shall' is used. Name the pattern and give the Ukrainian equivalent:
- •62. Give advice to do or not to do something using the following word combinations.
- •Criticism of a Past Action
- •63. Criticize the actions mentioned in the following sentences.
- •Near Certainty
- •65. Translate the following sentences. Stale whether the verb 'ought' is used to denote advice, criticism of a past action or near certainty:
- •Volition
- •66. Make a statement about somebody refusing to act the way lie should or is expected to. Refer the situation to the past by changing the form of the modal verb": Use the groups of words given below.
- •67. Make a statement about something not functioning the way it should or is expected to. Refer the situation to the past by changing the form of the modal verb. Use the groups of words given below.
- •68. Make a statement about somebody insisting on acting in the wrong way. Refer Иге situation to the past by changing the form of the modal verb. Use the groups of words given below.
- •69. Make a statement about a thing functioning contrary to your expectations and wishes. Refer the situation to the past by changing the form of the modal verb. Use the groups of words given below.
- •70. Translate into English. Give two variants where possible:
- •Request
- •71. Compose orders using the following word-combinations. Turn them into requests. Make the requests more pressing, insistent.
- •Near Certainty
- •73. Translate the following sentences. State whether the modal verb 'will’ is used to denote volition, a repeated action in the past, order, request or near certainty:
- •74. Translate into English:
- •Articles
- •Mr. Green bought a used car.
- •Is there an eraser in your desk?
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Bibliography
57. Translate into English. Use the indefinite infinitive speaking about the present or future, the perfect infinitive speaking about the past. Consult Pattern 30.
Model: 1. Заради чого їй обманювати? Why should she lie?
2. Чого б це він спорив? Why should he have argued?
1. Заради чого він розповів їй усе? 2. Заради чого ми будемо її питати? 3. Навіщо Вам приходити так рано? 4. Навіщо їй було втручатися? 5. Чому б нам не поїхати на відпочинок? 6. Чому я повинна довіряти цьому хірургу? 7. Чому б йому не звернутися до психолога? 8. Заради чого мені тут залишатися? 9. Чого б це він мав запізнитись? 10. Чого б це вона купувала такі дорогі ліки?
58. Translate the following sentences. State in what meaning the modal verb 'shall' is used. Name the pattern and give the Ukrainian equivalent:
1. Anyone found smoking on the premises shall be heavily fined. 2. Why should he have taken your word for it? 3. You should not have acted so rashly. 4. Shall I tell you all about it now? 5. The weather should be just right over there. August is always very sunny in the hills. 6. You should not promise things and then go back on your word. 7. Where shall I wait for you? 8. Why should you mind if I don't? 9. You shall lose your looks before you are thirty if you go on eating sweets like that. 10. He should have written to explain why he was not coming. 11. Nothing should have been done without him. 12. You shouldn't say things behind people`s backs. 13. He should do well in this job. It's just in his line. 14. She should know what she is speaking about. She's quite an authority on the subject.
59. A. Replace the infinitives in brackets by 'should', 'must', 'had to', 'shall ‘have to’+infinitive depending on whether the sentences contain advice, criticism of a past action or a statement of necessity:
1. My sister was taking an examination yesterday and I (to look after) her baby. 2. I (to get up) at half past seven to get to the office in time. 3. You (to wear) a rain-coat. You are wet through. 4. You knew I was bringing people to dinner. You (to bake) a cake. 5. It was my son's birthday so I (to bake) a cake. 6. They will get hungry on the train. You (to give) them some sandwiches. 7. He could not do his lessons. I (to explain) some things to him. It took me lots of time. 8. You (not to get) so excited. It's bad for you. 9. There was no kindergarten where they lived and she (to take) the child across half Moscow. 10. She was out when I came. I (to go) there again to-morrow. 11. You (to give) him more milk to drink. It's so good for the teeth. 12. The dress is a little too wide. You (to take) it in at the seams.
B. Translate into English. Use 'should'+infinitive to express advice; 'should''+perfect infinitive to express criticism of a past action, 'have', 'must' to express necessity:
1. Не треба було пити холодну воду. 2. Вам треба менше курити, а краще взагалі кинути. 3. В кінці учбового року студенти мають скласти іспит. 4. Не треба писати на бібліотечних книгах. 5. Мені треба завтра встати у 8 годин. 6. Я був змушений повторити тест. 7. Вам треба написати їй про це. 8. Треба було давно зробити рентген. 9. Не треба було пити колу. 10. Я була змушена говорити про всі свої проблеми. 11. Ви б спочатку самі спробували знайти відповідь. 12. Не слід лікуватися по Інтернету.
60. A. Replace the infinitives in brackets by 'should', 'need', 'have'+ infinitive, depending on whether you give advice, permission not to do something, criticize a past action or state an absence of necessity for the action.
1. You (not to go out) in this rain. You have a bad cold. 2. You (not to go out) to-day. We have everything we want. 3. You (not to lose one's temper). It put you automatically in the wrong. 4. You (not to give) all the details. You forgot that you were dealing with well-informed people. 5. It was Sunday and I (not to go) to the office. 6. You (not to tell) her that. Now she won't sleep. 7. You (not to put) so much sugar into the custard. No one will be able to eat it. 8. You (not to use) any gelatin. Such thick broth jells by itself. 9. It was so warm we (not to wear) our coats. It was very pleasant. 10. You never (to try) to do everything at once. You must plan things. 11. It is so warm there you (not to bring) any woolens. 12. I see now that I (not to worry). There was no danger whatever.
B. 1. Не треба було лютувати. Це завжди ознака слабкості. 2. Йому не треба було говорити їй усе. Тому він промовчав. 3. Йому можна було і не говорити їй усе. Звісно, що це її засмутило. 4. Мені не прийшлося все пояснювати. Вона все і сама зрозуміла. 5. Вітаміни можна було і не купувати. Зараз і так багато фруктів. 6. Краще не сперечайся. Ти не знаєш всіх обставин.
61. Translate the following sentences. Analyse the verb 'should'. State where it is an auxiliary verb (forming the conditional mood), where it is a modal verb (name the meaning of the modal verb) and where it is part of a modal phrase expressing unreality.
Model: 1. If it should be so I'll be the first to congratulate you.
Modal phrase expressing unreality.
2. But for his smile I should not have known him.
The conditional mood.
3. You should have taken the first train home.
Modal verb. Criticism of a past action.
1. Why shouldn't he have said so if he meant it. 2. Strange that you should not have noticed anything out of the way. 3. He knew perfectly well that he should not have done it but he would not admit it. 4. This heat wave should last till the end of May at least. 5. But for these words I should have given in. 6. The more I thought the less I liked her idea that we should take Ethel's money. 7. You really should try harder. You don't seem to make any progress. 8. They should not allow young children to take part in the contest. 9. I wonder what I should have done but for her advice. 10. I should come too if it was not for the children. 11. I wonder why you never asked me. I should have told you all the facts. 12. Why should it be always me? 13. It was arranged that mother should come over for a long visit and look after them. 14. You should wear the hat a little lower over your eyes. 15. The picture should look very nice here where the light would fall on it. 16. I did not know he was in Moscow or I should have come over to see him. 17. You should not wear sports clothes with high-heeled shoes. It does not look right. 18. Nothing should have been touched. 19. Her suggestion was that we should do it in turns, boys and girls alike. 20. You should make up your mind one way or the other and stop wasting your time.
Ought
The modal verb ought has only one form. It is used in the same patterns as should.
The infinitive after ought is used with its particle to.
The modal verb ought has the following meanings:
I. There is no primary meaning.
II. The imperative meaning: 1) advice, 2) criticism of a past action. Pattern 31
Advice
you (smb) ought (not) to do smth — (не) треба, (не) слід,(не) слід (би), ви б (не) |
E.g. 1. You ought to make an effort. 2. You ought not to say such things if you don't mean them. 3. You ought to write and tell her so. 4. Something ought to be done.
Note 19. There are two set patterns with ought expressing reproach: you ought to know this (слід це знати) and you ought to know better (міг би розуміти такі речі).