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52. Give advice in answer to the following statements. Use the word combina­tions in brackets.

Model: I have such a headache. (to take an aspirin and go to bed)

You should take an aspirin and go to bed.

1. My feet are killing me. (not to wear such high heels) 2. I've been sleeping badly of late. (to take a walk last thing in the evening) 3. She's grown out of this dress too. (to let it out at the hem) 4. I have a slight irritation in my throat. (to smoke less) 5. They are making spelling mistakes, (to make smb copy passages out of a book) 6. It is so hard to make him get up in the morning. (not to let smb watch television till all hours) 7. She never has any appetite. (not to give smb sweets) 8. The secretary must be out. There's no one there. (to try the room next door) 9. She may have forgotten her promise. (to phone and remind her) 10. The students seemed unable to follow what he was saying. (not to speak so fast)

Pattern 28

Criticism of a Past Action

smb should (not) have done smth — треба було, нe треба було,

даремно

E.g. 1. You should have come straight to me. 2. You shouldn't have tried to do everything yourself.

53. Criticize the actions named in the sentences below.

Model: 1. I took him to the pictures.

You shouldn't have taken him to the pictures.

2. She clean forgot to tell me about the letter.

She should have told you about the letter.

1. I'm not feeling well. It's probably the fish I ate for lunch. 2. I nev­er thought to leave a message for her. 3. He did not explain to me how to work the thing. 4. I can't think now why I bought these red shoes. 5. We did not wait for them. It was beginning to rain. 6. I handed in my paper without rereading what I had written. I was afraid to. 7. She may not come. I forgot to remind her of her promise. 8. I was so busy at the time. I did not see the film. 9. She was so cross, she was downright rude to me. 10. We did not feel like going anywhere. We just stayed at home.

54. Change the following expressions of advice into criticism of a past action by changing the form of the infinitive.

Model: 1. You should not say such things. He треба так говорити.

2. You should not have said such things. He треба було так говорити.

1. You should try again. 2. He should speak to her about it. 3. They should keep that dog chained. 4. You should not eat starchy foods. 5. She should not go out in such weather. 6. You should not buy a hat which does not go with anything else you've got. 7. You should switch off the lights when you go out. 8. He should not forget to take his medicine. 9. You should spend more time out of doors. 10. Her mother should not let her read such trash.

55. Translate into English. Use 'should'+indefinite infinitive to express advice; ''should'+perfect infinitive to express criticism of a past action.

1. Їй треба було зразу це сказати. 2. Вам треба було спитати його. 3. Дітей треба відіслати спати. 4. Це треба робити так. 5. Вам не треба було їхати на автобусі. 6. Їм треба більше говорить один з одним. 7. Вам треба було вибачитись. 8. Вам треба було випити ліки перед обідом. 9. Даремно ви сперечаєтесь. 10, Даремно ви так думаєте. 11. Їм краще кинути курити. 12. Вам треба звернутись до лікаря. 13. Вам треба було звернутись до лікаря. 14. Не треба було їсти так багато слив. 15. Їй треба одягнутися тепліше.

III. The suppositional meaning: near certainty.

Pattern 29

Near Certainty

smb should do smth можливо, вірогідно,

smb should be smth ймовірно

Note 17. Should in the suppositional meaning is an equivalent of must but is used only about the present and the future.

E.g. 1. Potatoes should grow well here. 2. She should make a good teacher.

56. Change the following statements into expressions of near certainty by using 'should' and 'must'+infinitives. Use 'should', speaking about the future; 'should' or 'must', speaking about the present; 'must'+perfect infinitive, speaking about the past.

Model: 1. She knows all about it.

She must know all about it.

She should know all about it.

2. She will grow up pretty.

She should grow up pretty.

(Probably she will grow up pretty.)

3. It rained in the night.

It must have rained in the night.

1. The weather will be good to-morrow. 2. He knew where it was. . 3. It is somewhere here. 4. He will be here by nine o'clock. 5. He was the only one there who knew what to do. 6. They were playing chess. 7. The climate is very good there. 8. The sweater will look nice with your tweed jacket. 9. She will be-very glad to see you. 10. The nights are cold up there in the mountains. 11. He was rather upset by it all. 12. She was work­ing night and day to get everything ready in time.

Note 18. Should is comparatively seldom used to express near cer­tainty. So use must to express near certainty where it can be used, and probably where it can't (negative sentences; sentences referring to the future).

Should is used in a set expression corresponding to the Russian чего ради...

Pattern 30

Why should (not) smb do smth?

Why should (not) smb have done smth?

E.g. 1. Why should he interfere? 2. Why should he have said so? 3. Why shouldn't he think so?