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8. Translate into English. Use Pattern 6 (a and b):

1. Невже я загубила карту? 2. Невже я так погладшала? 3. Невже вже темніє? 4. Невже їй все розповіли? 5. Невже я витрачаю марно час? 6. Невже вони все ще граються на вулиці? 7. Невже це так важко? 8. Невже було так холодно?

Note 5. There is practically no difference in meaning between can and could in Pattern 6. Could makes the sentence a little more emphatic.

Pattern 7

Very Strong Doubt

smb

can not

could not

be

know

be doing smth

smb

can not

could not

have been

have known

have been doing

E.g. 1. You can't be thinking of leaving. 2. You can't mean it. 3. He can't have said it. 4. He can't have been trying to swim the river in that place.

9. Refer the statement to the past by changing the form of the infinitive.

Model: 1. She can't be lying.

2. She can't have been lying.

1. It can't be true. 2. She can't be in London now. 3. You can't mean it. 4. You can't be doing your best. 5. She can't be crying. 6. It can't be as difficult as all that. 7. There can't be only one way out of the cave. 8. They can't be still waiting for you.

10. Translate into English. Use Pattern 7 (a and b):

1. Не може бути, щоб він забув свою обіцянку. 2. Не може бути, щоб молоко уже закипіло. 3. Він не міг вам це сказати. 4. Вона не могла провалити іспит. 5. Не може бути, щоб вони запізнились на потяг. 6. Не може бути, щоб ти цьому насправді вірив. 7. Їй не може бути двадцять п’ять років. 8. Чай не може так довго залишатись гарячим. 9. Не може бути, щоб ви знали це краще ніж вона. 10. Він не міг вас сплутати.

Note 6. To express strong or very strong doubt about an action not taking place we use the expression to fail to do something. Negative pre­fixes dis- and mis- are also used.

E.g. 1. Can she have failed to see him?

2. She can't have failed to see him.

3. Can she dislike me?

4. She can't have misunderstood me.

11. Express strong and very strong doubt about the statements made in the following sentences.

Model: 1. She did not trust him from the start.

Can she have mistrusted him—.

She can't have mistrusted him—.

2. She did not explain to me how to do it.

Can she have failed to explain to him —.

She can't have failed to explain to him —.

1. She did not leave her address. 2. She does not believe his story. 3. She did not recognise him when they met on the platform. 4. They did not deliver the mail in time. 5. Mother did not understand my directions. 6. You did not buy the butter.

12. Translate into English:

1. Невже він не перевірив, чи все на місці? 2. Він не міг не чути дзвінка. 3. Не може бути, щоб вона цьому не вірила. 4. Невже ви не принесли статтю? 5. Невже він вам дійсно не подобається? 6. Невже він не повірив твоїм словам? 7. Не може бути, щоб він завтра не приїхав. 8. Невже ви ще не перевірили твори? 9. Він не міг не прийти вчора на лекцію. 10. Невже вона так і не відіслала листа?

IV. The modal verb can may be used to make a sentence more emotional. Such sentences have the form of questions but are not questions because the speaker does not really expect an answer.

Pattern 8

A. when

where

why

how

can smb

do smth

have done smth

E.g. 1. Oh, Jack, how can you! — Don't mind him darling. He is only teasing. 2. Where can I have left my spectacles! 3. When can it have happened!

B. what

which

who

can

do smth

have done smth

E.g. 1. What can it mean! 2. Who can it have been! 3. Which of the two can have taken it!