- •The verbal categories of voice and mood.
- •The morphological structure of a word. Types of morphemes.
- •A short history of the origins and development of English.
- •Word-composition. Classification of compound words.
- •Phraseological units and their classification.
- •Phonetics means of stylistics.
- •Expressive means of English syntax.
- •The verb as a part of speech. Subclasses of verbs.
- •Noun determiners. The article. The problem of the zero article.
- •Words of native origin and their characteristics
- •Finite and non-finite forms of the verb. The category of finitude.
- •Periodization of the history of the English language.
- •Polysemy. The semantic structure of a polysemantic word.
- •Synonyms. The sources of synonymy.
- •Classifications of English verbs.
- •The morphological structure of a word. Types of morphemes
- •Homonyms. Classification. Origin of homonyms.
- •The verbal categories of voice and mood.
- •Antonyms. Semantic and morphological classifications.
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
- •Types of word meaning.
- •Free word-groups and their classification.
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
- •Phraseology: Principles of Classification
- •The Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meaning.
- •General characteristics of language as a functional system.
- •Phraseology: Word-Groups with Transferred Meanings.
- •Affixation.
- •General principles of grammatical analysis
- •The Noun. General characteristics.
- •Conversion.
- •Categorial structure of the word.
- •Composition.
- •Reduplication.
- •General characteristics of the grammatical structure of language.
- •General characteristics of the English verbs
- •4. **Mood:**
- •5. **Voice:**
- •Types of grammatical meaning.
- •Classifications of English verbs
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Antonyms. Semantic and morphological classifications.
Classifications of English verbs
English verbs can be classified in various ways based on their grammatical features, functions, or meanings.
1. **Transitive and Intransitive Verbs:**
- **Transitive Verbs:** These verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning. Example: "She eats (transitive) an apple."
- **Intransitive Verbs:** These verbs do not take a direct object. Example: "He sleeps (intransitive)."
2. **Regular and Irregular Verbs:**
- **Regular Verbs:** These verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding "-ed" to the base form. Example: walk/walked/walked.
- **Irregular Verbs:** These verbs have irregular forms in the past tense and past participle. Example: go/went/gone.
3. **Action and State Verbs:**
- **Action Verbs:** These verbs express a physical or mental action. Example: run, think, write.
- **State Verbs:** Also known as stative verbs, these express a state of being or a condition. Example: like, know, belong.
4. **Dynamic and Stative Verbs:**
- **Dynamic Verbs:** Similar to action verbs, dynamic verbs express actions and processes. Example: play, eat, dance.
- **Stative Verbs:** Similar to state verbs, stative verbs express states, conditions, or ongoing situations. Example: love, own, seem.
5. **Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs:**
- These verbs help the main verb in a sentence by indicating aspects, tenses, or modality. Common auxiliaries include "be," "have," and "do."
6. **Modal Verbs:**
- Modal verbs express necessity, possibility, ability, permission, or likelihood. Examples include can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must.
7. **Phrasal Verbs:**
- Phrasal verbs consist of a main verb and one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs). Example: look up, give in, break down.
8. **Regular and Irregular Transitive Verbs:**
- **Regular Transitive Verbs:** These transitive verbs follow a regular pattern in forming their past tense and past participle. Example: play/played/played.
- **Irregular Transitive Verbs:** These transitive verbs have irregular forms in the past tense and past participle. Example: take/took/taken.
9. **Regular and Irregular Intransitive Verbs:**
- **Regular Intransitive Verbs:** These intransitive verbs follow a regular pattern in forming their past tense and past participle. Example: laugh/laughed/laughed.
- **Irregular Intransitive Verbs:** These intransitive verbs have irregular forms in the past tense and past participle. Example: go/went/gone.
10. **Causative Verbs:**
- Causative verbs indicate the action of causing someone or something to do something. Examples include make, let, have.
11. **Reciprocal Verbs:**
- Reciprocal verbs express a mutual action or relationship between two or more participants. Example: They hugged each other.
These classifications help linguists and language learners understand the various properties and functions of English verbs, facilitating effective communication and language analysis.