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- •Unit 1. Nature of electricity
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Magnetism. Electromagnetism. Magnetic field
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Electric currents and their properties
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Basic units of electricity and measuring devices
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Check yourself in your vocabulary.
- •II. Make sure you’ve grasped the contents of the texts given above:
- •III. Mind your Grammar.
- •Unit 2. Ship's direct current electric machines
- •I. The construction and the principle of operation
- •Vocabulary
- •Fig. 2 Four-pole d.C. Generator
- •2. D.C. Generators and their characteristics
- •Vocabulary
- •Fig.2. Characteristics of d.C. Generators: a - no-load and load characteristics; b - short-circuit characteristic; с - external characteristics; d - regulation characteristics
- •3. Application of d.C. Generators and their parallel operation
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Check yourself in your vocabulary.
- •II. Make sure you've understood the texts given above in a proper way:
- •III. Mind your Grammar.
- •1. Test yourself in some of the auxiliaries. Put one of the following into each gap.
- •Is are do does
- •2. Make sure you are good at building the English interrogative sentence. Put the following words in the right order to ask a question.
- •Unit 3. D.C. Motors
- •1. Convertibility
- •2. E.M.F., torque, power
- •3. Starting, speed reguation, reversal
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Check yourself in your vocabulary.
- •II. Make sure you have properly understood the texts given above:
- •III. Mind your Grammar.
- •Induce vary withdraw
- •Unit 4. Types of d.C. Motors and their distinctive features
- •1. Shunt-wound motors
- •Fig. 3. The diagram of a shunt-wound motor: a - the diagram; b, с - performance characteristics
- •2.Series-wound motors
- •Fig.4. The diagram of a series-wound motor: a - diagram; b, с - performance characteristics
- •3. Compound-wound motors
- •Fig. 5. The diagram of a compound-wound motor: a - the diagram; b, с - performance characteristics, where ShC - those of a shunt-compound motor, sc - those of a series-compound motor
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Check yourself in your vocabulary.
- •II. Make sure you've properly realized the contents of the texts given above.
- •III. Mind your Grammar:
- •Unit 5. Transformers
- •1. Purpose, construction, types
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Three-phase transformers
- •Fig.7. Diagram of field winding connections of a three-phase transformer.
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Special transformers
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Autotransformers
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Test yourself how well you have understood "the senses" of the texts dealing with transformers.
- •III. Mind your Grammar:
- •Unit 6. Marine a.C. Machines and special purpose machines
- •1. Synchronous alternators
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Induction (asynchronous) motors.
- •Vocabulary
- •Fig. 8. Asynchronous Cage Motor
- •3. Electric special purpose machines
- •Vocabulary
- •I .Check yourself in your vocabulary.
- •III. Mind your Grammar.
- •1. Ship's power plants
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Power plant switchgear equipment
- •3. Ship's power network
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Check yourself in your vocabulary.
- •II. Make sure you have properly understood the texts given above:
- •III. Translate into English, using the verbs in Active or Passiv forms or in the Infinitive: To activate
- •1. Watch maintenance
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Electrical maintenance
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Testing electric machines for defects and carrying out repairs. Current repair
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Capital repair of d.C. And a.C. Machines
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Think of English equivalents for suggested Russian words and word combinations and complete the sentences:
- •II. Choose one of the linking words or word combinations from the box and complete the sentences.
- •1. The main reasons of electrical traumatism and means of protection against it
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Some rules for safe practice and avoiding electric shocks
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Make sure you have properly understood the meaning of the text:
- •III. Mind the grammatical construction of Present Simple Passive.
- •1. Add the Past Participle to the following sentences taken from the text. Choose from the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only:
- •Put the verb in the correct form using Present Simple Active Present Simple Passive:
- •Translate into English using either positive or negative for' of Imperative:
- •1. Troubleshooting of electrical components
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Troubleshooting of d.C. Motors
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Troubleshooting of three-phase motors
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make sure you've properly understood the texts dealing with troubleshooting of electrical equipment.
- •II. Choose one of the linking words or word combinations from the box and complete the sentences. Some of them are interchangeable.
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ УКРАИНЫ ОДЕССКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ МОРСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ
Н.Л.ТРУХАНОВА, Н.А.КРАВЧЕНКО
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
СУДОВОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКИ
ДЛЯ МОРЯКОВ
TROUKHANOVA N.L., KRAVCHENKO N.A.
ENGLISH
OF MARINE ELECTRICAL AND POWER ENGINEERING
FOR SEAMEN
Одесса ЛАТСТАР 2000
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для изучения английского языка в области судовой электроэнергетики.
Предназначено для студентов старших курсов энергетических факультетов морских учебных заведений, а также для судовых механиков и электромехаников.
Рецензенты:
проф. Радченко А.П., зав. кафедрой основ судовой электроэнергетики ОГМА;
доц. Григорян Н.Р., зав. кафедрой экспериментальной и прикладной фонетики английского языка факультета романо-германской филологии ОГУ им. И.И.Мечникова.
Рекомендовано в качестве учебного пособия Ученым советом ОГМА.
предисловие
Настоящее учебное пособие имеет своей целью обучение специальному английскому морскому языку в области электротехники и предназначено как для студентов старших курсов энергетических факультетов высших мореходных учебных заведений, так и для судовых электромехаников и механиков, желающих усовершенствовать свои знания л области профессионального морского английского языка.
Учебное пособие состоит из десяти разделов, в каждом из которых I 4 тематически объединенных текста, сопровождаемых словарем и вопросами. В конце раздела помещены упражнения, способствующие укреплению новой лексики, использованию ее в другом контексте, разит то навыков говорения, а также повторению различных грамматических структур. Следует отметить, что тексты расположены в порядке нарастания уровня сложности, поэтому желательно прорабатывать пособие от начала до конца.
Наряду с текстуальным материалом в пособии находится приложения котором представлены изображения основных электрических приборов и инструментов, с которыми часто сталкиваются электромеханики и механики в своей работе, а также их названия на английском и русском языках.
Англо-русский словарь, представленный в конце пособия, содержит в себе не только электротехнические термины, но и словосочетания, употребляемые с ними. Сопровождение технических терминов транскрипцией облегчает самостоятельную работу с пособием.
Ли горы считают своим долгом выразить искреннюю благодарность всем преподавателям кафедры английского языка № 2 ОГМА, особенно доцентам Богомолову О.С. и Никулиной E.JI. за проявленный интерес к работе и се поддержку. Также выражаем признательность профессорам МЛ Скрипнику В.Н. и Радченко А.II. за профессиональную помощь.
preface
This book is intended to be used either by senior engineering cadets of higher maritime educational institutions or by individual students - sailing seamen - who have already completed their course of study and received qualification certificate but have difficulties in using "professional marine English" and need to improve it.
The textbook incorporates ten units, each of them being organized as a thematic entity and dealing with this or that aspect of marine electricity and electrical power engineering. The units are ordered according to level of difficulty, so the book is advisable to be worked through from beginning to end. It is started with introducing some simple facts from the history of electricity and, what is most essential, basic notions of electricity, such as "electromagnetism", "kinds of currents and their properties", "standard electrical units", "basic electrical measuring instruments" etc. Units 2-6 provide material for studying principal items of electrical equipment on board ship: its constructional features, purpose, application and most widespread types. Unit 7 gives a detailed description of a shipboard electric power plant as a whole and as an aggregate of components. This unit also concentrates on shipboard electrical circuits: their types, main functions, apparatuses and wiring accessories. Units 8,9 cover the problems of electric shock hazard protection, operation and maintenance of marine electrical equipment and types of repair this equipment is subjected to. Unit 10 provides coverage of troubleshooting procedures: those of electrical components, D.C. motors, and three-phase motors. They are based upon fault finding charts that will probably be most useful for working marine engineers.
We have given such a detailed description of the thematic contents of the units to show that the textbook is a kind of original experience systematizing the facts exceptionally referring to marine electrical systems, mechanisms, devices and their operation and maintenance on board ship.
Each unit consists of a number of texts directly followed by a terminological vocabulary The latter does not only include words of different parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) but also word combinations and whole phrases showing various ways of collocability that English technical terms are revealing. We find it very important to present collocations of terminological words since students have particular difficulties in using correct structures of "technical English" in their speech.
The vocabulary is usually followed by a list of questions intended for two purposes. The first one is to check how well the texts have been understood and how good the student is at making up independent correct English statements. The second one is connected with necessary development of skills and habits of annotating and reviewing the studied material.
The texts, the vocabulary and the questions may be considered one part of the unit. The other is a complex of various exercises. Some of them may be qualified as tests since they are used to check how well the student has grasped the meaning of the suggested texts. They are the exercises that 1) require a definite answer to a question given as a characteristic description of a mechanism, a phenomenon, a property, a technological process, an engineering procedure etc., 2) suggest a choice of the correct answer from a few proposed variants. But there are also exercises for revision since the book is intended for students who have already finished the so-called "common course of English". They are exercises practicing grammar phenomena especially used in structural patterns of "technical English". Very often they provide "mixed" practice bringing together grammar points that are easily confused by Russian and Ukrainian native speakers.
"The technique" we have applied in making grammar exercises is widely represented in both foreign and home textbooks of English. The students are invited 1) to open the brackets giving the correct grammar form, 2) to compose one sentence from two organizing it correctly, 3) to make up statements or questions from the suggested words, 4) to choose one of the words from the box leaving it in its original form or transforming it into the form which the given sentence requires, 5) to find English equivalents to the suggested Russian ones, 6) to translate from Russian into English etc.
There is one Appendix in the textbook. It gives a number of pictures organized in accordance with three themes closely associated with electrical work. They are "Electric Tools", "Wiring Accessories" and "Lighting Fittings". We find it necessary for engineers and electricians to know what the things they work with and operate by are called in English. So, we have provided the pictures with both English and Russian words and word combinations corresponding the images.
Finally, there is an English-Russian glossary at the back of the book. It includes terms denoting electromechanical materials, electric machines of both direct and alternating current, electric power plants and circuits, power systems, electric drives, measuring instruments as well as devices, arrangements and fittings associated with light engineering. The word-nucleus (the one which dominates in meaning in a word combination) is frequently accompanied by its stable subordinates in order to show in what way the former and these latter are collocated in "the English language of engineering".
We would like to thank all the staff at the English Department of Odessa State Maritime Academy, especially Associate Professors O.S. Bogomolov and E.L. Nikoulina, for their interest and encouragement. We are also grateful to Professors V.N. Skripnick and A.P. Radchenko for their help.
Unit 1. Nature of electricity
1. PRIMARY INVESTIGATIONS. CLASSES OF ELECTRICITY
It was known since the ancient Greeks that when a piece of amber or glass is rubbed with silk or fur, it achieves the power of attracting light objects. Later on, this phenomenon was studied and the word 'electric' (after Greek "electron" - "amber") was put in use.
During the 18-19th centuries many discoveries about the nature of electricity were made: Charles Coulomb investigated the forces between tin charged objects; Benjamin Franklin invented the lighting rod, etc.
There was developed the idea that there are two kinds of electricity, which were called resinous electricity, and that opposite kinds of electricity attract one another, whereas similar kinds repel one another.
The study of electricity may be divided into three classes (or branches):
magnetism;
electrostatics;
electrodynamics.
Magnetism is the property of the molecules of iron and other certain substances due to which they store energy in a field because of the arranged movement of the electrons in their atoms.
Electrostatics is the study of electricity at rest, or static electricity. Examples of this type of electricity are charges on condenser plates. Rubbing glass with silk produces static electricity.
Electrodynamics is the study of electricity in motion, or dynamic electricity. The electricity which flows through wires for light and power purposes is a good example of the latter type of electricity.
Vocabulary
amber |
янтарь, смола |
rub |
тереть, натирать |
fur |
мех |
power of attracting |
способность притягивать |
phenomenon (phenomena) |
явление (явления) |
discovery |
открытие |
nature |
природа |
investigate |
исследовать |
charge (charged) |
заряд (заряженный) |
invent |
изобретать |
lightning rod |
светящаяся палочка |
resinous |
смолистый |
repel |
отталкивать |
property |
свойство |
substance |
вещество, материя |
store |
накапливать |
at rest |
в покое |
in motion |
в движении |
charges on condenser plates |
заряды на пластинах конденсатора |
for light and power purposes |
для освещения и питания силовых установок |
QUESTIONS
Under what conditions can amber or glass attract light objects?
What discoveries about the nature of electricity were made during the 18-19th centuries?
What happens to the opposite kinds of electricity?
What happens to the similar kinds of electricity?
What classes can the study of electricity be divided into?
What is magnetism?
What helps the molecules of iron to store energy in a field?
What is electrostatics?
What are the examples of static electricity?
What is electrodynamics?