114. Benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue origin: origin, terminology, types. Macro-microscopic structure, complications, clinical significance.

Benign: fibroma. It is represented by a node of differentiated interconnection. fabrics, bundles of fibers are arranged in different directions. There are two types: dense, with a predominance of collagen bundles over cells and soft, consisting of loose connective tissue. Tissues with a large number of cells such as fibroblasts and fibrocytes.

It is more common in the skin, uterus, and mammary gland. Sometimes it sits on a leg on the skin.

Types of fibroma: 1) Desmoid is localized in the anterior wall of the abdomen. It is dense, has a tendency to infiltrative growth. It is more common in women, and tumor growth increases during pregnancy.

2) Dermatofibroma (histiocytoma)- a tumor in the form of a small node, on a yellow or brown incision, is more common on the skin of the legs. It contains characteristic giant cells containing lipids and hemosiderin- Tuton cells.

Malignant: fibrosarcoma. It is found more often on the shoulder and hip. It has the appearance of a node, infiltrate soft tissues. It consists of immature fibroblast-like cells and collagen fibers. There are: differentiated (has a cellular-fibrous structure, fibers predominate on cells) and undifferentiated (cellular sarcoma, has polymorphic cells with a large number of mitoses, more often gives metastases).

Another type of fibrosarcoma: bulging dermatofibroma (malignant histiocytoma) differs from dermatofibroma in the abundance of fibroblast-like cells with mitoses. It is characterized by slow infiltrative growth, relapses, but rarely metastases.

115. Tumors of vascular origin: origin, terminology, types. Macro-microscopic structure, complications, clinical significance.

Benign: hemangioma is a neoplasm of a dysembrioplastic and blastomatous nature. They distinguish:

- Capillary hemangioma is localized in the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, more often in children. It is represented by a red or cyanotic node, with a smooth, bumpy or papillary surface; it consists of branching capillary vessels with narrow lumen.

- Venous hemangioma has the appearance of a node, consists of vascular cavities, the walls of which contain bunches of muscles and resemble veins.

- Cavernous hemangioma occurs in the liver, skin, spongy bones, muscles, gastrointestinal tract and brain. It has the appearance of a well-delimited node. It consists of large cavities lined with endothelial cells and filled with liquid or clotted blood.

- Benign hemangiopericytoma- localized in the skin and intermuscular layers of the extremities. Their chaotically arranged capillaries surrounded by proliferating pericytes are constructed.

A glomous tumor (gloma angioma) is localized in the skin of the hands and feet, mainly on the fingers. It consists of slit-like vessels lined with endothelium and surrounded by epithelioid (glomus) cells. The tumor is rich in nerves.

Lymphangioma develops from lymphatic vessels, forms a node or diffuse thickening of the organ (in the tongue - macroglossia, in the lip - macroheilia). The incision has cavities of various sizes filled with lymph.

Malignant: angiosarcoma, rich in atypical cells of either endothelial (malignant hemangioendothelioma) or pericytic nature (malignant hemangiopericytoma). It metastases early.

Lymphangiosarcoma- occurs against the background of chronic lymphostasis and is represented by lymphatic slits with proliferating atypical endothelial cells (malignant lymphangioendothelium).