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Плацебо и терапия

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....						180
(compliance).........................		181
.................................		199
SUMMARY .....................................		200
		........................		201
...................................		205
.....................................		223

CONTENTS
PREFACE ........................................		7
Placebo and psychology of therapy
in scientific literature........................		8

Unity of pharmacoand psychotherapy...............			11
Historic roots of religious beliefs, prejudices and
fantasies about the action of remedies and treatments ... 15
PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY ... 23
VERBAL FACTORS................................		23
Reputation of a medication ......................		23
Name of a medication ..........................		23
Text of the leafsheet...........................		27
NONVERBAL FACTORS ....................................			30
Color and mind ..............................		30
Some shades of psychology of color		.................	35
Taste of the pill ..............................		40
Size of the pill ...............................		40
Psychology of the low price of medications............			42
PLACEBO .......................................		45
DEFINITION OF PLACEBO ...........................			46
HISTORY OF PLACEBO .............................			48
FORMS OF PLACEBO...............................		49
ETHICS OF USE OF PLACEBO.........................			52
DOUBLE BLIND METHOD............................			58
Double blind method in testing efficacy of new medicines				. . 61
PLACEBO EFFECT ................................		65
FORMS OF PLACEBO EFFECT .........................			65
POSITIVE PLACEBO EFFECT..............................			69
Positive placebo effect
as a diagnostic method ......................		71
Positive placebo effect in prediction
of efficacy of a new drug.....................		71
NEGATIVE PLACEBO EFFECT.........................			72
RATE OF PLACEBO EFFECT	..........................		74
CONCERNING THE METHODS OF STUDYING OF PLACEBO EFFECT . . 79
Role of information in placebo effect................			79
Pharmacodynamics of placebo.....................		80
Latency of placebo effect........................		80
How long placebo effect can last? ..................			81
Is placebo effect constant in the same person?..........			83
6

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Instability of placebo effect ......................		83
PLACEBO EFFECT IN HEALTHY PERSONS....................				85
in car drivers................................	88
in athlets ..................................	90
«Placebo effect» in laboratory animals...............			96
Addiction to placebo and
«placebo withdrawal effect»...................		97
Family and parents placebo effect ..................			99
«Inderect placebo effect» .......................		101
MECHANISMS OF PLACEBO EFFECT....................			101
motivation of treatment........................		103
expectation ................................	104
suggestion.................................	104
conditioned reflexes ..........................		105
stable pathologic state (according to N. P. Bekhtereva)				. . . 106 activation of opioidergic system
.................. 108
PLACEBO EFFCT IN SOME DISEASES.......................			109

PRESSI ( HERSON )

Insomnias .................................		109
Pain syndromes .............................		110
Angina ...................................		Ill
Anxiety...................................	112
Panic disorders (panic attacks).........		:.........	113
Schizophrenia ..............................		116
Alcoholism	................................	117
Epilepsy ..................................		124
PLACEBO REACTIVITY ............................			125
Prediction of placebo reactivity...................			125
Which symptoms are more and which
are less susceptible to placebo?................			128
Is there any correlation between placebo reactivity
and prefernce of colors? ....................		128
PLACEBO CONTROL...............................			142
CONCERNING THE METHOD OF PLACEBO CONTROL .........					144
ARE HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES SUPERIOR TO PLACEBO?.......					145
PLACEBO CONTROL OF EFFICACY OF ACUPUNCTURE ..........					148
CONTROL (EVIDENCE) OF EFFICACY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY					......148
Side effects of psychotherapy ?...................			151
PLACEBO THERAPY ..............................			153
ETHICS OF PLACEBO THERAPY ......................			153
WHO AND WHEN COULD BE TREATED WITH PLACEBO? ......					155
EFFICACY OF PLACEBO THERAPY.....................			158
«Patient-doctor» communication..................			161
Relation of patient to doctor.....................			164
Relation to medication........................		171
Relation of doctor pharmacotherapy
and concrete medication....................		173
Psychotropic drugs from a viewpoint of a patient ......				177
Psychotropic drugs amd medical staff..............			180
Compliance	................................	181
CONCLUSION ..................................			199
SUMMARY	.....................................	200
SUBJECT INDEX.................................			201
LITERATURE ...................................			205
ABOUT THE AUTHOR .............................			223


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( , 1980; Shapiro ., 1978; Klerman G. L., 1986; Rickels ., 1986; Schoemaker P. G. W., 1995; Montgomery G., Kirsch I., 1996; De Deyn P. P. et al., 1996; Silvis S. E., 1996; Straus J. L., Ammon von S., 1996; Wall M., Wheeler S., 1996),

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(Heeg M. J. et al., 1997).

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