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English_Grammar_in_Use
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U NIT
Noun + preposition ("reason
115 fOf," "cause of," etc.)
Study this list of nouns + preposition. Sometimes other prepositions are possible - a good dictionary will give you more information.
a check FOR (a sum of money):
• They sent me a check for $100.
a demand / a need FOR something:
•The company closed down because there wasn't enough demand for its product.
a reason FOR something:
• The train was late but no one knew the reason for the delay.
a rise / an increase / a fall / a decrease IN something:
• There has been an increase in automobile accidents lately.
an advantage / a disadvantage OF something:
• The advantage of living alone is that you can do what you like. but we say "there is an advantage in (or to) doing something":
• There are many advantages in (or to) living alone.
a cause OF something:
• Nobody knows what the cause of the explosion was.
a photograph / a picture OF someone/something:
• He always keeps a photograph of his wife in his wallet.
damage TO something:
• The accident was my fault, so I paid for the damage to the other car.
an invitation TO a party / a wedding, etc. :
• Did you get an invitation to the party?
a reaction TO something:
• I was surprised at her reaction to what I said.
a solution TO a problem / an answer TO a question / a reply TO a letter / a key TO a door:
•Do you think we'll find a solution to this problem?
•The answer to your question is "No"!
an attitude TO/TOWARD someone/something:
• His attitude to/toward his job is very negative.
a relationship / a connection / contact WITH someone/something:
•Do you have a good relationship with your parents?
•The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery.
but: a relationship / a connection / a difference BETWEEN two things:
•The police have said that there is no connection between the two murders.
•There are some differences between British English and American English.
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UNIT 115 Exercises
Read the sentence and then complete the following sentence with the same meaning.
Example: What caused the explosion? |
What was the cause .1J£..t.he.. e.XpJa.s.ion. ..... ? |
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1. |
We're trying to solve the problem. |
We're trying to find a solution |
.. |
2. |
Ann gets along well with her brother. Ann has a good relationship |
.. |
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3. |
Prices have increased a lot. There has been a big increase |
.. |
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4. |
I don't know how to answer your question. I can't think of an answer |
.. |
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5. |
Nobody wants to buy shoes like these anymore. |
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There is no demand |
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.. |
6. |
I think that being married has some advantages. |
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I think that there are some advantages |
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7. |
The number of people without jobs has fallen this year. |
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There has been a fall |
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.. |
8. |
I don't think that a new highway is necessary. |
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I don't think that there is any need |
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Complete these sentences with the correct preposition.
Example: There are some differences betwem British English and American English.
1. |
I just received an invitation |
a wedding next week. |
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2. |
The cause |
the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown. |
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3. |
Ann showed me a photograph |
the hotel where she stayed on her vacation. |
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4. |
Money isn't the solution |
every problem. |
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5. |
The company has rejected the workers' demands |
an increase |
. |
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pay. |
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6. |
The two companies are completely independent. There is no connection |
.. |
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them. |
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7. |
When I opened the envelope, I was delighted to find a check |
$500. |
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8. |
Have you seen this picture |
the town as it looked 100 years ago? |
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9. |
Sorry I haven't written to you for so long. The reason |
this is that I've been |
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sick. |
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10. |
The advantage |
having a car is that you don't have to rely on public |
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transportation. |
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11. |
There are many advantages |
being able to speak a foreign language. |
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12. |
There has been a sharp rise |
the cost of living in the past few years. |
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13. |
The front door is locked. Do you have the key |
the back door? |
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14. |
Bill and I used to be good friends, but I don't have much contact |
him now. |
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15. |
I've never met Carol, but I've seen a picture |
her. |
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16. |
It wasn't a serious accident. The damage |
the car was only slight. |
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17. |
Tom's reaction |
my suggestion was not very enthusiastic. |
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18. |
What were George's reasons |
giving up his job? |
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19. |
The fact that he got a job in the company has no connection |
the fact that his |
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father is the managing director. |
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20. |
When he left home, his attitude |
his parents seemed to change. |
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21. |
I wrote to Sue last month, but I still haven't received a reply |
my letter. |
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U NIT
Preposition + noun ("by 116 mistake," "on television," etc.)
Students often use the wrong preposition before the words in this unit, so study this list carefully:
to pay BY check (but to pay IN cash or to pay cash):
• Did you pay by check or in cash? (to do something) BY accident / BY mistake / BY chance:
• We hadn't arranged to meet. We met by chance.
a play BY Shakespeare / a painting BY Rembrandt / a novel BY Tolstoy, etc. :
•Have you read any books by Tolstoy? (= any books written by Tolstoy?)
(to be/to fall) IN love WITH someone:
• Have you ever been in love with anyone?
IN (my) opinion:
• In my opinion the film wasn't very good.
IN time (= soon enough for something/soon enough to do something):
•Will you be home in time for dinner? (= soon enough for dinner)
•We got to the station just in time to catch the train.
ON time (= punctual, not late)
• |
The 11 :45 train left on time. (= it left at 11 :45) |
• |
The conference was well organized. Everything began on time. |
(to be) ON fire:
• Look! That car is on fire. (to be) ON the telephone / ON the phone:
• I've never met her but I've spoken to her on the phone. ON television / ON the radio:
• I didn't watch the game on television. I listened to it on the radio.
(to be/to go) ON a diet:
• I've put on a lot of weight. I'll have to go on a diet.
(to be/to go) ON strike:
• There are no trains today. The railroad workers are on strike.
(to be/to go) ON vacation / ON business / ON a trip / ON a tour / ON a cruise / ON an expedition, etc.
•Did you go to Paris on business or on vacation?
•One day I'd like to go on a world tour.
but you can also say "go to a place FOR a vacation / FOR my vacation":
•Tom has gone to France for a vacation.
•Where are you going for your vacation this year?
(to go/to come) FOR a walk / FOR a swim / FOR a meal, etc.:
•She always goes for a walk with her dog in the morning.
•After work we went to the restaurant for a meal.
(to have something) FOR breakfast / FOR lunch / FOR dinner:
• What did you have for lunch?
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Unit 116 Exercises
Complete these sentences. Use a preposition with a word or phrase from the box.
mistake |
time |
a FHeal |
a swim |
strike |
the phone |
television |
Shakespeare |
time |
love |
business |
a diet |
breakfast |
check |
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1. |
After work we went to a restaurant for.. a. .meal•........... |
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2. |
The factory has closed because the workers have gone |
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3. |
I didn't mean to take your umbrella. I took it |
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4. |
I got up late this morning and had to rush. All I had |
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was a cup oftea. |
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5. |
I feel lazy tonight. Is there anything worth watching |
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6. |
The train service is very good. The trains always run |
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7. |
They fell |
with each other immediately and were married in weeks. |
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8. |
It was an extremely hot day, so we went |
in the lake. |
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9. |
Jim's job involves a lot of traveling. He often goes to other cities |
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10. |
I didn't have any money on me, so I paid |
.. |
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11. |
George has put on a lot of weight recently. I think he should go |
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12. |
I washed your shirt this morning, so it should be dry |
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for you to |
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wear it this evening. |
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13. |
I can never reach Sue. Whenever I call, she's always |
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14. |
Hamlet and Macbeth are plays |
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Complete these sentences with the correctpreposition.
Example: We hadn't arranged to meet. We met |
by |
chance. |
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1. |
I'm hungry. What's |
dinner this evening? |
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2. |
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my opinion, violent movies shouldn't be shown |
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TV. |
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3. |
I think I need some exercise. Do you want to go |
a walk? |
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4. |
A dog ran across the street in front ofthe car, but I managed to stop just |
time. |
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5. |
Do you know any songs |
the Beatles? |
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6. |
I'd better not eat too much. I'm supposed to be |
a diet. |
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7. |
There was panic when people realized the building was |
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fire. |
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8. |
Next month I'm going to Mexico |
a short vacation. |
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9. |
Where did you go |
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your vacation last year? |
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10. |
I won't be at work next week. I'll be |
vacation. |
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11. |
I wouldn't like to go |
a cruise. I think I'd get bored. |
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12. |
The store clerk wouldn't accept my check and insisted that I pay |
cash. |
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13. |
Ann reads a lot of books |
American writers. |
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14. |
Did you hear the news this morning |
the radio? |
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15. |
Please don't be late for the meeting. We want to begin |
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time. |
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16. |
I would like to get up |
time to have a big breakfast before going to work. |
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17. |
It was only |
accident that I found out who the man really was. |
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18. |
When we went to Rome, we went |
a tour around the city. |
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19. |
I wouldn't like his job. He spends most of his time talking |
the telephone. |
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20. |
When I was 14, I went |
a trip to France. |
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21. |
Ann liked the dress, but |
my opinion it didn't look very good on her. |
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U N J T
117 Adjective + preposition (1)
Study these groups of adjectives + preposition. Sometimes other prepositions are possible - a good dictionary will give you more information.
nice/kind/good/generous/mean/stupid/silly/intelligent/sensible/(im)polite/rude/unreasonable OF someone (to do something):
_ |
Thank you. It was very nice/kind of you to help me. |
_ |
It's stupid of her to go out without a coat. She'll catch cold. |
but: (to be) nice/kind/good/generous/mean/(im)polite/rude/(un)pleasant/(un)friendly/cruel TO
someone: |
_ |
She has always been very nice/kind to me. (not with me) |
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Why were you so rude/unfriendly to Bill? |
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{ ABOUT something |
angry/annoyed/furious WITH someone FOR doing something:
_ What are you so angry/annoyed about?
_ They were furious with me for not inviting them to the party.
delighted/pleased/satisfied/disappointed WITH something:
_ I was delighted with the present you gave me.
_ Were you disappointed with your exam results?
bored/fed up WITH something:
_ You get bored with doing the same thing every day. _ I'm fed up with doing the dishes all the time.
surprised/shocked/amazed/astonished AT/BY something:
_ Everybody was surprised at/by the news.
_ I was shocked at/by the condition of the building. excited/worried/upset ABOUT something:
_ Are you excited about going on vacation next week? _ Ann is upset about not being invited to the party.
afraid/frightened/terrified/scared OF someone/something:
_ "Are you afraid of dogs?" "Yes, I'm terrified of them."
proud/ashamed OF someone/something:
_ I'm not ashamed of what I did. In fact I'm quite proud of it.
jealous/envious/suspicious OF someone/something:
_ Why are you always so jealous of other people?
_ He didn't trust me. He was suspicious of my intentions.
aware/conscious OF something:
_ "Did you know they were married?" "No, I wasn't aware of that. "
good/bad/excellent/brilliant AT (doing) something:
_ I'm not very good at repairing things.
married/engaged TO someone:
_ Linda is married to an American. (not with an American)
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UNIT 117 Exercises
Say how you feel about George in each situation.
Example: George has kept you waiting for hours. (annoyed) :r..'m.aJanoyed.w/~h.him....
1. |
George hasn't been eating well recently. (worried) I'm |
him. |
2. |
George has been telling lies about you. (angry) I'm |
him. |
3. |
George is much better at everything than you are. (jealous) |
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4. |
George is big, strong, aggressive, and violent. (afraid) |
.. |
5. |
You've had enough of George. (fed up) I'm |
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Complete these sentences with the correct preposition.
Example: I was delighted .w.ith .... the present you sent me. |
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1. |
It's very nice |
you to let me use your car. Thank you very much. |
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2. |
Why are you always so impolite |
your parents? Can't you be nice |
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them? |
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3. |
It wasn't very polite |
him to leave without saying thank you. |
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4. |
I can't understand people who are cruel |
animals. |
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5. |
Why do you always get so annoyed |
little things? |
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6. |
The people next door are annoyed |
us |
making so much noise last |
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night. |
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7. |
We enjoyed our vacation, but we were disappointed |
the hotel. |
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8. |
I was surprised |
the way he behaved. It was out of character. |
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9. |
She doesn't go out at night very much. She's afraid |
the dark. |
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10. |
I've been trying to learn Spanish, but I'm not satisfied |
my progress. |
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11. |
Jill starts her new job on Monday. She's very excited |
it. |
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12. |
I was shocked |
what you said. You should be ashamed |
yourself. |
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13. |
Did you know that Linda is engaged |
a friend of mine? |
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14. |
I had never seen so many people before. I was astonished |
the crowds. |
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15. |
Bill has been doing the same job for too long. He's bored |
it. |
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16. |
These days everybody is aware |
the dangers of smoking. |
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17. |
Are you still upset |
what I said to you yesterday? |
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18. |
She's very nice, but I wouldn't like to be married |
her. |
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19. Mr. Davis spends a lot of time gardening. His garden is very well-kept, and he's very |
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proud |
it. |
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Write sentences about yourself. Are you good at these things or not? Use: |
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brilliant |
very good |
pretty good |
not very good |
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Examples: (repairing things) |
1'm .110t..ve.r.y g.o.Q.ti..a.t. J!:epair:ing. :thin9~".""""""" .. |
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(tennis) .1.'m.pr.etty.g.ood.-..a.t..t.eJ.'1ni:s |
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1. |
(repairing things) |
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2. |
(tennis) |
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3. |
(remembering people's names) |
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.. |
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4. |
(telling jokes) |
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5. |
(languages) |
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U NIT
118 Adjective + preposition (2)
Study this list of adjectives + preposition:
sorry ABOUT something:
• I'm sorry about the noise last night. We were having a party. but: sorry FOR doing something:
• I'm sorry for shouting at you yesterday.
You can also say:
• I'm sorry I shouted at you yesterday. (to feel/to be) sorry FOR someone:
• I feel sorry for George. He has no friends and no money.
crazy ABOUT something:
•Ann is crazy about Westerns. She'd go to the movies every night if a Western were playing.
impressed BY/WITH someone/something:
• I wasn't very impressed by/with the movie.
famous FOR something:
• The Italian city of Florence is famous for its art treasures.
responsible FOR something:
• Who was responsible for all that noise last night?
different FROM someone/something (in informal English we sometimes say different THAN):
• The movie was quite different from what I expected.
interested IN something:
• Are you interested in art and architecture?
capable/incapable OF something:
• I'm sure you are capable of passing the examination.
fond OF someone/something:
• Mary is very fond of animals. She has three cats and two dogs.
full OF something:
• The letter I wrote was full of mistakes.
short OF something:
• I'm a little short of money. Can you lend me some?
tired OF something:
• Come on, let's go! I'm tired of waiting.
similar TO something:
• Your writing is similar to mine.
crowded WITH (people, etc.):
• The city was crowded with tourists.
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UNIT 118 Exercises
Complete the sentences. Each time use the most appropriate word in the box with the correct preposition.
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different |
full |
serry |
responsible |
interested |
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short |
similar |
tired |
capable |
impressed |
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1. |
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I don't feel ..,sOY.r..y.fO'Y: |
George. All his problems are his own fault. |
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2. |
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I can't stop to talk to you now. I'm a little |
time. |
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3. |
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"Do you want to watch the football game on television?" |
"No, thanks. I'm not |
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................................. football." |
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4. |
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Your shoes are |
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mine, but they're not exactly the same. |
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5. |
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My new job is a completely new experience for me. It's very |
what |
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I did before. |
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6. |
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The human race is now |
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destroying the whole world with nuclear |
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weapons. |
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7. |
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We've got plenty of things to eat. The refrigerator is |
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food. |
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8. |
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I wasn't very |
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the service in the restaurant. We had to wait a long |
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time before getting our food. |
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9. |
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Can't we have something different to eat for a change? I'm |
having |
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the same thing day after day. |
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10. |
The editor is |
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what appears in the newspaper. |
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Complete these sentences with the correct preposition.
Example: Sorry ..8bl)"~.... the noise last night. We were having a party. |
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1. |
I'd rather not go to an Indian restaurant. I'm not crazy |
Indian food. |
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2. |
Ann is very fond |
her younger brother. |
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3. |
This part oftown is always very lively at night. It's usually crowded |
people. |
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4. |
In the closet I found a box full |
old letters. |
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5. |
I felt sorry |
the children when we went on vacation. It rained every day, and |
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they had to spend most of the time indoors. |
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6. |
He said he was sorry |
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the situation, but that there was nothing he could do. |
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7. |
France is famous |
its food. |
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8. |
They looked bored. I don't think they were interested |
what I was saying. |
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9. |
Joe failed his driving test many times. He isn't capable |
driving a car. |
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10. |
The man we interviewed for the job was quite intelligent, but we weren't very impressed |
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................. his appearance. |
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11. |
Traveling is great at first, but you get tired |
it after a while. |
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12. |
Do you know anyone who might be interested |
buying an old car? |
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13. |
Our house is similar |
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theirs, but I think ours is a little bigger. |
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14. |
Sue and I come from the same country, but my accent is different |
hers. |
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15. |
The police are responsible |
maintaining law and order. |
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16. |
We're short |
staff in our office at the moment. There aren't enough people to |
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do the work that has to be done. |
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17. |
I'm sorry |
the smell in this room. It's just been painted. |
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U NIT
119 Verb + preposition (1)
Study this list of verbs + preposition:
apologize (TO someone) FOR something (see also Unit 57a):
• When 1 realized 1 was wrong, 1 apologized to him for my mistake.
apply FOR a job / admission to a university, etc. :
• 1 think you'd be good at this job. Why don't you apply for it?
believe IN something:
•Do you believe in God? (= Do you believe that God exists?)
•1 believe in saying what 1 think. (= 1 believe that it is a good thing to say what 1 think.)
belong TO someone:
• Who does this coat belong to?
care ABOUT someone/something ( = think someone/something is important):
• He is very selfish. He doesn't care about other people.
care FOR someone/something:
i)= like something (usually in questions and negative sentences):
•Would you care for a cup of coffee? (= Would you like ... ?)
•1 don't care for hot weather. (= 1 don't like ... )
ii)= look after someone:
•She is very old. She needs someone to care for her.
take care OF someone/something (= look after):
•Have a nice vacation. Take care of yourself!
•Will you take care of the children while I'm away?
collide WITH someone/something:
• There was an accident this morning. A bus collided witb a car.
complain (TO someone) ABOUT someone/something:
• We complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food.
concentrate ON something:
• Don't look out the window. Concentrate on your work!
consist OF something:
• We had an enormous meal. It consisted of seven courses.
crash/drive/bump/run INTO someone/something:
• He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall.
depend ON someone/something:
• "What time will you arrive?" traffic. "
You can leave out on before question words (when/where/how, etc.):
• "Are you going to buy it?" "It depends (on) how much it is."
die OF an illness:
• "What did he die of?" "A heart attack."
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UNIT 119 |
Exercises |
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Complete the sentences. Each time use one of the following words with the correct |
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preposition: |
belong applied ~ die concentrate believe |
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crashed |
depends |
1.When 1 realized that 1 had taken the wrong umbrella, 1 immediately 8po!o91'z.ed.for.. ...
my mistake.
2.1was driving along when the car in front of me stopped suddenly. Unfortunately 1
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couldn't stop in time and |
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the back of it. |
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3. |
"Does this bag |
you?" |
"No, it isn't mine." |
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4. |
Don't try and do two things at once. . |
one thing at a time. |
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5. |
Jane is still unemployed. She has |
several jobs but hasn't had any |
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luck yet. |
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6. |
"Are you playing tennis tomorrow?" "1 hope so, but it |
the |
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weather." |
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7. |
If you smoke, there is a greater chance that you will |
.lung cancer. |
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8. |
1 don't |
ghosts. 1 think people only imagine that they see them. |
Complete these sentences with a preposition (if a preposition is necessary).
Example: There was an accident this morning. A bus collided .. wit.h ..... a car. |
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1. |
He loves to complain. He complains |
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everything. |
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2. |
Our neighbors complained |
us |
the noise we made last night. |
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3. |
She doesn't have a job. She depends |
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her parents for money. |
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4. |
You were very rude to Tom. Don't you think you should apologize |
him? |
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5. |
Are you going to apologize |
what you did? |
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6. |
Jill and 1 ran |
each other downtown yesterday afternoon. |
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7. |
He decided to give up sports in order to concentrate |
his studies. |
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8. |
1 don't believe |
working hard. It's not worth it. |
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9. |
A soccer team consists |
11 players. |
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10. |
It is terrible that some people are dying |
hunger while others eat too much. |
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11. |
As 1 was going out ofthe room, 1 collided |
someone who was coming in. |
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12. |
There was an awful noise as the car crashed |
the tree. |
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13. |
Do you belong |
a political party? |
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14. |
1 don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends |
how 1 feel. |
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Put in the correct preposition after care. |
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Example: He's very selfish. He doesn't care .abo.ut .... other people. |
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1. |
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Are you hungry? Would you care |
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something to eat? |
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2. |
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He doesn't care |
the exam. He's not worried whether he passes or fails. |
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3. |
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Please let me borrow your camera. 1 promise I'll take good care |
it. |
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4. |
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1 don't care |
money. It's not important to me. |
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S. |
Don't worry about arranging our vacation. I'll take care |
that. |
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6. |
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"Do you like this coat?" "No, 1 don't care |
the color." |
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