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4 IO_MUX and GPIO Matrix (GPIO, IO_MUX)

Notes:

The output signal from a single peripheral can be sent to multiple pads simultaneously.

Only the 28 GPIOs can be used as outputs.

The output signal can be inverted by setting the GPIO_FUNCx_OUT_INV_SEL bit.

4.3.3Simple GPIO Output

The GPIO Matrix can also be used for simple GPIO output – setting a bit in the GPIO_OUT_DATA register will write to the corresponding GPIO pad.

To configure a pad as simple GPIO output, the GPIO Matrix GPIO_FUNCx_OUT_SEL register is configured with a special peripheral index value (0x100).

4.4Direct I/O via IO_MUX

4.4.1Summary

Some high speed digital functions (Ethernet, SDIO, SPI, JTAG, UART) can bypass the GPIO Matrix for better high-frequency digital performance. In this case, the IO_MUX is used to connect these pads directly to the peripheral.

Selecting this option is less flexible than using the GPIO Matrix, as the IO_MUX register for each GPIO pad can only select from a limited number of functions. However, better high-frequency digital performance will be maintained.

4.4.2Functional Description

Two registers must be configured in order to bypass the GPIO Matrix for peripheral I/O:

1.IO_MUX for the GPIO pad must be set to the required pad function. (Please refer to section 4.10 for a list of pad functions.)

2.For inputs, the SIG_IN_SEL register must be cleared to route the input directly to the peripheral.

4.5RTC IO_MUX for Low Power and Analog I/O

4.5.1Summary

18 GPIO pads have low power capabilities (RTC domain) and analog functions which are handled by the RTC subsystem of ESP32. The IO_MUX and GPIO Matrix are not used for these functions; rather, the RTC_MUX is used to redirect the I/O to the RTC subsystem.

When configured as RTC GPIOs, the output pads can still retain the output level value when the chip is in Deepsleep mode, and the input pads can wake up the chip from Deep-sleep.

Section 4.11 has a list of RTC_MUX pins and their functions.

4.5.2Analog Function Description

The RTC function and analog function of RTC_GPIOs can only be selected one at a time. For the RTC_GPIO8 to RTC_GPIO17 pins, their analog outputs can be directed to the IO_MUX, controlled by the RTC_IO_TOUCH_PADn/m_TO_GPIO bit. If the bit is set to 1, the analog output is enabled, allowing the signal to be routed to IO_MUX through analog

function. On the other hand, if the bit is set to 0, the input signal from the pad is output to IO_MUX through digital function.

Espressif Systems

52

ESP32 TRM (Version 5.0)

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