Лексикология / Семинар 4 СГАУ

SEMINAR V

Intralinguistic links of words

1. Semantic classification of words. Hyponymy.

2. Synonymy: criteria of synonymy, types of synonyms, synonymic condensation, types of connotations, the dominant synonym.

3. Antonymy.

4. Paronymy, antonymy, enantiosemy, euphemisms.

TASKS

1. Match the terms with their definitions and learn them.

Antonyms	members of a thematic group which a) belong to the same part of speech b) are so close to one another in meaning that we cannot use them correctly in speech unless we are aware of the shades of meaning and stylistic connotations that distinguish them
Stylistic synonyms	synonyms which differ in shades of meaning
Euphemisms	synonyms which differ in emotional, expressive, evaluative overtones (stylistic connotations)
Synonyms	words of the same part of speech which have contrasting meanings
Ideographic synonyms	substitutes for words that are considered indecent, indelicate, rude, too direct or impolite and that describe the “offensive” referent in a round-about way

2. Read the sentences. Can the underlined words be described as synonyms? Which of the words, as compared to its synonym, is: 1) more intense, 2) more emotive, 3) more professional, 4) more literary, 5) belongs to child-talk?

1. “Daddy, can I have a chocolate?” said the girl to her father.

2. Surprised, was I? Astound would rather have been the word.

3. Alexander had made his first mistake in broaching the suggestion when Pearson had not wanted to hear. Now he made a second error. He mistook Pearson’s statement as an invitation to continue the discussion.

4. Mastery then of the “words”, the vocabulary, the lexicon, of even our native language is always limited, never complete.

5. “He is the parent of my children! He is the father of my twins! He is the husband of my affections”, cried Mrs.Micawber, struggling, “and I never will desert Mr.Micawber!”

3. These synonymic series are adduced in the English-Russian Dictionary of Synonyms (Moscow, 1979). Do these words satisfy the definition of synonyms?

1) cold, cool, chilly, chil, frosty, frigid, freezing, icy, arctic;

2) impatient, nervous, nervy, unquiet, uneasy, restless, restive, fidgety, feverish, jumpy, jittery.

4. The following words are of different origin: the first word in each line is native, while the other word (s) - borrowed. How do native words differ from their synonyms in emotional-expressive connotations?

Foreword – preface (F), introduction (L), prolegomenon (Gr)

Charity – love (L)

Happiness – felicity (Fr-L)

Friendly – amiable (L)

Lonely – solitary (L)

Fellow-feeling – compassion (Fr-L), sympathy (Gr)

House – mansion (Fr-L)

5. Provide definitions for the following terms. Illustrate them with your own examples.

Hyponymy

Paronymy

Enantiosemy

Euphemisms

DO THE FOLLOWING EXERCISES FROM THE BOOK Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В. Лексикология английского языка. М., Изд-во «Дрофа», 1999:

Chapter 10, 11 Ex. 8 (1-5) p.203, 14 (1-4) p.207, 2 (1-5) p.220, 8 (1) p.223

Reference Material

2. Antrushina G.B., Afanasyeva O.V. English Lexicology. M., 1999. P. 184-219.

3. Minaeva L.V. English Lexicology and Lexicography. M., 2003. P. 71-93.

4. Гвишиани Н.Б. Современный английский язык: Лексикология. М., 2000. С. 159-168.

5. Морозова А.Н., Мишина Ю.Е. World of Words. Самара., 2003. С.20-22.