greatbritain

PART 2. Master of Pharmacy Degree Programme

4. Fill in the gaps, using the text “Master of Pharmacy Degree Programme”.

1.The basic entrance requirement for Pharmacy is … . 2. The selection of candidates to interview is based on … . 3. The MPharm degree programme in the UK is of … duration and leads to … . 4. All universities can choose … but the main subjects are . . . 5. Much attention in the first year is given to … . 6. Students are also encouraged to undertake … . 7. The second year introduces the science of … .

8.Further units extend knowledge of … . 9. Professional studies in the second year include … . 10. The third year allows students to follow … . 11. Writing skills are tested through … . 12. The final year aims at … . 13. The students continue to study … . 14. The students complete … and take … . 15. Pharmacy Management is also … . 16. Students investigative work continues with … . 17. To be eligible for registration as a member of RPSGB and be entitled to practise as a pharmacist one must … . 18. A number of students proceed to … .

5.Answer the following questions, using the information given in the text.

1.What are the basic entrance requirements for Pharmacy?

2.How are the candidates admitted to the University?

3.How are the candidates selected?

4.Who is the Foundation Year intended for?

5.How long does one have to study for the MPharm degree?

6.What subjects are studied in the first year?

7.Can the students undertake extra-curricular units? What are they?

8.What new subjects are introduced in the second year?

9.What subjects do the students continue to study in the second and third year?

10. How are the writing skills tested?

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UNIT 5. PHARMACY EDUCATION

11.How is the second semester of the third year arranged?

12.What does the final year aim at?

13.What must every student perform?

14.What do the students visit?

15.What exams do the students have?

16.What is greater emphasis placed on in the final year?

17.What does the students’ investigative work include?

18.How is the students’ knowledge assessed?

19.What does ‘pre-registration experience after graduation’ mean?

20.What are the career opportunities for the MPharm graduates?

6.Speak about the pharmacy education in the UK.

7.Read the text and answer the following questions.

1)What is IPSF?

2)What are its aims and goals?

3)Who may become a member of the IPSF?

The International Pharmaceutical Students’ Federation (IPSF) was founded in London in 1949 with the statutory aim “to study and promote the interests of pharmaceutical students and encourage international co-operation among them”. It is a non-profit, nonreligious, and non-political organisation. At that time, eight countries formed the membership of the Federation, most of them coming from Western Europe. Today IPSF has a solid membership of fifty seven institutions representing a total number of approximately three hundred thousand pharmacy students from all over the world.

Promoting the interests of pharmacy students means promoting quality in pharmacy education, promoting pharmacy as an important profession in health-care system and helping students from the member organisations to become better professionals and better citizens.

In this spirit, IPSF has developed several projects that further its aims and give students an opportunity to improve their personal and professional profiles and also to improve education and public health in their local communities. All pharmacy students are invited to become the members of the IPSF and take part in these projects.

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PART 3. Degree Programmes in Pharmacology

8. Read the following proverbs and sayings and find their Russian equivalents.

Knowledge without practice makes but half an artist.

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

A good dress is a card of invitation, a good mind is a letter of recommendation.

No pains, no gains.

9. Compare the system of pharmacy education in the UK and Russia; discuss the following:

a)entrance requirements; b) duration of study; c) degree awarded;

d)general and professional subjects; e) chemistry-oriented units;

f)medicine-oriented units; g) investigative work; h) pharmacy practice during the study; i) students’ assessment; j) final exams; k)practical experience after graduation; l) career options.

Part 3. Degree Programmes in Pharmacology

The main career opportunities in Pharmacology are within the field of biomedical research. For many, applying for Pharmacology will mean working for one of the major pharmaceutical companies within their Research and Development departments1. Industry also employs pharmacologists in biological standardisation, toxicology testing and primary screening2. Some larger companies have openings in fundamental pharmacology research. Other areas in which pharmacologists find employment are within academic departments and research institutes.

The entrance requirements for Pharmacology are the same as for Pharmacy. Two degree programmes are offered: 1) a 4-year Master of Pharmacology (MPharmacol) degree with a compulsory placement (sandwich) year3; 2) a 3-year full-time BSc in Pharmacology degree. The MPharmacol differs from BSc not only in the placement year. It requires a higher academic standard in progress examinations4 and includes more advanced units in specific areas of pharmacology and individual research projects in the final year.

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UNIT 5. PHARMACY EDUCATION

The linked subjects of Physiology, Pathology and Pharmacology cover the core material of all pharmacology degree programmes. All major aspects are covered in the 1-st and 2-nd years, and they give all students sufficient background for their future work in industry. Particular attention is paid to the specific areas of bioloogy, such as molecular biology, cellular biology, and others which are studied starting from the 1-st year, through the 2-nd year to the final year.

Teaching methods include formal lectures, workshops, practicals and tutorials. In addition, computer assisted learning material5, both in classes and for private study. Practical laboratory skills are very essential for a pharmacology graduate, and many units include laboratory classes.

The sandwich year is the 3-rd year. During this year students generally work in the Research and Development laboratories of some pharmaceutical company in the UK, USA or Europe. Besides working in a laboratory each student undertakes their own research project and also submits a dissertation and a series of essays during the year.

Following the placement year, final year MPharmacol students undertake an extensive individual research project, which is supervised by research-active staff in pharmacology. This constitutes the laboratory-based element in the final year. BSc students carry a group project and also work in a laboratory. This is intended to support students who may wish to pursue technical careers in the pharmaceutical industry.

Vocabulary

a) opening, compulsory, placement (year), background, workshop; b) to employ, to work for, to offer, to cover (the material) , to undertake, to submit, to supervise, to constitute, to carry (a project)

to be intended (for), to pursue.

Notes on the text

1. Research and Development (R&D) department — Отдел исследований и разработок (ср.: научно-исследовательская лаборатория — НИЛ);

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PART 3. Degree Programmes in Pharmacology

2.primary screening — первичный скрининг;

3.placement (sandwich) year — год производственной практики в сочетании с учебой;

4.progress examinations — промежуточные экзамены;

5.computer assisted learning material — учебный материал, изучаемый с помощью компьютерных программ.

Exercises

1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words.

Pharmacology [fRmq`kOlqGI], major [`meIGq], biomedical

[baIq`mFdIkl, fundamental [fAndq`mFntl], research [rI`sWC], standardisation [stxndqdaI`zeISn], toxicology [tOksI`kOlqGI], physiology [fIzI`OlqGI], pathology [pq`TolqGI], cellular [`sFljulq], series [`sIqrIz].

2. Complete the sentences using the following words from the text: submits, sandwich, background, workshop, undertakes, research project, research-active, employ, placement year, skills, openings.

1.R&D departments … pharmacologists in biological standardisation. 2. Pharmaceutical companies have … in fundamental pharmacology research. 3. The MPharmacol differs from BSc in the

…. 4. The pharmacology degree programme includes an individual

…in the final year. 5. All major aspects covered in the 1-st and 2-nd year give the student sufficient … for their future work. 6. Teaching methods include lectures, practicals and … . 7. Practical laboratory

…are very essential for a future pharmacologist. 8. The 3-rd year is a … year. 9. In the 3-rd year each student … their own research project and … a dissertation. 10. The individual research project is supervised by … staff in pharmacology.

3.Match A and B.

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UNIT 5. PHARMACY EDUCATION

4.Answer the following questions to obtain the summary of the text.

1.What are the main career opportunities for pharmacology graduates?

2.What are the entrance requirements for Pharmacology?

3.How many degree programmes are offered?

4.How do they differ?

5.What linked subjects cover the core material of the pharmacology degree programmes?

6.What are the teaching methods?ё1

7.Are laboratory skills essential for a pharmacology graduate?

8.What is a ‘sandwich’ year?

9.What is the final year devoted to?

5.Read the text and answer the following questions.

1)What does pharmaceutical research involve?

2)What is the “bio-availability of a drug”?

3)What did the methods of determining levels of drugs in blood reveal?

4)What is the ultimate test for bio-availability?

Pharmaceutical research in schools of pharmacy and industrial laboratories includes organic chemical synthesis of new chemical agents for use as drugs and is also concerned with isolation and purification of plant constituents that might be useful as drugs.

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PART 3. Degree Programmes in Pharmacology

Research in pharmacy also involves formulation of dosage forms of medicaments and study of their stability, methods of assay, and standardisation.

Another facet of pharmaceutical research is the “availability” to the body, so called bio-availability of various dosage forms of drugs. Exact methods of determining levels of drugs in blood and organs revealed that slight changes in the mode of manufacture or incorporation of a small amount of some inert ingredient in a tablet may diminish or completely prevent its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and thus nullify the action of the drug. Ingenious methods were devised to test the bio-availability of dosage forms. Although such in vitro, or test-tube methods are useful and indicative, the ultimate test for bio-availability is the patient’s response to the dosage form of the drug.

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UNIT 6

PRACTICING PHARMACY

Part 1. Community Pharmacist

As you know, to start your pharmacy practice you must be registered with the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) or the Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland. To gain admittance to the register you must complete one year’s preregistration training in an approved pharmacy and pass the RPS examination.

Pre-registration training is undertaken under the supervision of an approved pharmacist and tutor. The pre-registration year provides practical experience, following the syllabus’1 laid down by the RPSGB. Every trainee is supposed to achieve and demonstrate a range of competences essential for pharmacy practice.

Jobs are available in all towns and cities. Community pharmacists work for retail pharmacies ranging from small independents2 to large multiple chains. They also may choose their positions in G.P. practices3, health centres, or choose to own their business, preferring to make their own business decisions and to take control of their working life.

If working in a large pharmacy, a pharmacist will work in a team with other pharmacists, pharmacy technicians4 and sales assistants. The work carries a high level of responsibility. Pharmacists need a meticulous level of attention to detail and a highly professional attitude to work and behaviour.

A retail pharmacist supplies both prescription and over-the- counter (OTC) medicines5, gives advice and instruction on the use of medicines and medical appliances, in some cases offers health check services. Typical work activities include:

—dispensing medicines to the public, checking dosage and ensuring that medicines are correctly and safely supplied and labelled;

—supervising the preparation of any medicine;

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PART 1. Community Pharmacist

—keeping a register6 of controlled drugs for stock control and legal purposes;

—contacting doctors about prescriptions;

—counselling and advising the public on the treatment of minor ailments;

—counselling the public on any adverse side-effects of medicines and on potential interactions with other medicines;

—providing specialist services, such as oxygen therapy, blood pressure monitoring, pregnancy testing and some others;

—overseeing the ordering and safe storage of drugs and medicines;

—maintaining computerised records;

—managing, supervising and training pharmacy support staff7;

—promoting sales and developing the business.

Working hours may include regular unsocial hours8 in a shop environment. Many community pharmacists work evenings and weekends on a rota system9. Pharmacies in supermarkets often offer extended opening hours and may offer a 24-hour service. Many pharmacies will employ a locum10 to cover for holiday periods or sickness. Internet pharmacies are now being set up. This gives a possibility to share information with patients and to make out11 online prescriptions.

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society requires continuing professional development (CPD) for all pharmacists in various retailing areas. As well as pharmacy-related training, you will receive training in management skills, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem-solving, decision-making and others.

Vocabulary

a) admittance, register, supervision, syllabus, trainee, competence, independents, retail, meticulous, attitude, (medical) appliances, minor ailment, stock, legal, adverse side-effects, interaction, blood, pregnancy, storage, multiple;

b) to gain, to approve (of) , to lay down, to own, to take control (of), to ensure, to label, to supervise, to counsel, to maintain records, to oversee, to set up, to share, to make out.

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UNIT 6. PRACTICING PHARMACY

Notes on the text

1.syllabus [`sIlqbqs] — программа, учебный план;

2.small independents — независимые маленькие аптеки;

3.in G. P. practices — в системе терапевтической врачебной практики; G. P. — general practitioner — врач общей практики, практикующий врач;

4.pharmacy technician — фармацевт со средним специальным образованием, не имеющий степени магистра фармации;

5.over-the-counter (OTC) medicines — лекарства, отпускаемые без рецепта врача;

6.to keep a register — вести регистрационные записи;

7.pharmacy support staff — штат работников аптеки;

8.unsocial hours — сверхурочные часы;

9.on a rota system — поочередно;

10.a locum [`lqukqm] — специалист, принятый на работу

на время болезни или отпуска штатного работника;

11. to make out (a prescription) — выписывать (рецепт).

Exercises

1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words.

Register [`rFGIstq], syllabus [`sIlqbqs], trainee [treI`nJ], demonstrate [`dFmqnstreIt], control [kqn`trqul], competence

[`kOmpItqns], technician [tFk`nISqn], detail [`dJteIl], legal [``lJgl], multiple [`mAltIpl], label [`leIbl], minor [`maInq], counselling

[`kaunsqlIN], potential [pq`tFnSl], interaction [Intqr`xkSqn], therapy [`TFrqpI], monitoring [`mOnItqrIN] rota [`rqutq].

2. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.

a) an approved pharmacy, under the supervision (of) , a range of competences, a high level of responsibility, a highly professional attitude, medical appliances, stock control, legal purposes, minor ailments, potential interactions, communication skills, teamwork, decision-making;

b) to gain admittance, to provide practical experience, to lay down a syllabus, to work in a team, to carry a high level of responsibility,

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