Бакалавры экономики. 1 курс 2 семестр / Иностранный язык бакалавры / Методические указания по выполнению конт. раб / Английский язык. Методические указания по выполнению контрольных работ №1, 2 и тексты для дополни

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1)In the 1700s, the sciences were split into natural sciences and so& cial sciences.

2)Managers who can operate effectively across cultures and nation& al borders are invaluable in global business.

3)No one has had more influence on managers in the 20th century than Frederick W. Taylor, an American engineer.

IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1)The lack of liquidity means that banks must either abandon their promises to pay depositors or pay depositors until the bank runs out of money and fails.

2)Bank accounts may be established by national and state chartered banks, and savings associations.

3)What part can management education play in developing the in& ternational manager?

V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Parti& ciple 2 и укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола&сказуемого. Переведите предложения на рус& ский язык.

1)In designing and constructing plans and products, management must draw on technology and physical science.

2)The way of doing a job would be no longer be determined by guess& work.

3)Taylor’s solutions to the problems were based on his own experi&

ence.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3.

The Flaws of Age Discrimination

1. The British employment laws have encouraged younger people to value the wisdom that age and experience brings — often confounding their prejudices and establishing a new respect and friendship that bridge the age&gap. There is also a measurable change in the recognition of age&linked capability. «60 is the new 40» people are fond of saying.

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And it’s true. Given better health, education and opportunity, the mid& dle&aged are far more ambitious, adaptable and teachable than they used to be, just a generation ago.

2.In the case of ageism, there must be very few who would want to return to that old workplace atmosphere, in the UK, where the over 40’s lived in permanent fear of redundancy, just because their boss might feel one morning that they were past their ‘sell by date’. That was a type of institutionalized, bullying behaviour, and was certainly a stress factor to the employee involved. Also fear itself is known to inhibit performance out of all proportion to the actual risk and a constant mood of apprehen& sion would certainly impact upon both team and individual productiv& ity. But if the UK can claim to be at the forefront of anti&ageism, I can assure you that some profoundly mixed messages can come out of the whole ageism agenda. Take the selection of TV news presenters. The television stations have to achieve ratings based on viewer choice, so it is possible to argue that the bias in favour of young, female newscasters is justified, as it’s clearly an appearance&based role.

3.Sometimes it appears that it may soon become an offence to remu& nerate people in respect of their valuable experience and qualification! I certainly hope not. A job should be given on the person’s ability to do it — whether the applicant is 20 or 60, a slim young female with a pret& ty face or a middle&aged man with a moustache. The person specification should relate closely to the criteria of the job specification.

VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)

а) истинными (true) б) ложными (false)

в) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1)The British employment laws have improved peace of mind.

2)It never appears that it may soon become an offence to remunerate people in respect of their valuable experience and qualification!

3)Ageism leads a person to a stress.

VIII. Прочитайте абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What are the criteria to be given a job?

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2)Tracing the complex flows of funds is often difficult.

3)Congress failed to approve a proposal that the two countries nor& malize trade relations.

IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

б) Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что инфинитивные обороты часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1)Russia’s population is expected to fall by 22% between 2005 and 2050.

2)Insurance companies consider manual workers to be high risk.

3)Price rises are likely to exceed the authorities objective substantially.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3.

Foreign Trade of the UK

1.The prominent position of British commerce in world trade during the 18th and 19th centuries resulted largely from the geographical isola& tion of the British Isles from the wars and political troubles that afflicted the centers of trade on the European continent. The development of the great trading companies, colonial expansion, and naval control of the high seas were corollary factors. Before the 17th century the foreign trade of England was almost completely in the hands of foreigners; wool was the principal export, and manufactured goods were the chief im& ports. Under the mercantile system, which in Great Britain was the pre& vailing economic theory of the 17th and 18th centuries, the government fostered British foreign trade, the development of shipping, and trading companies. As British overseas possessions increased, the raising of sheep for wool and mutton became a major occupation in the colonies; the practice of exporting wool from England and importing manufac& tured woolen articles was gradually replaced by the import of wool and the manufacture and export of yarns and fabrics. Cotton textiles iron and steel, and coal soon became significant British exports.

2.In the early 1990s Britain remained one of the world’s leading trad& ing nations. Its major exports were road vehicles and other transporta& tion equipment, industrial machinery, petroleum and petroleum prod&

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ucts, etc. Exports were valued at $190,1 billion annually in the early 1990s. In the same period, annual imports totaled $221,6 billion. Trade with other Commonwealth members and with the sterling area (a group of countries whose currencies are tied to the British pound sterling) declined after Great Britain joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1973, and trade with Western Europe has become more important.

3. Most domestic retail trade is conducted through independently owned shops, although the number of chain, and cooperative stores and supermarkets is increasing. More than half of all wholesale trade is car& ried out in London.

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)

а) истинными (true) б) ложными (false)

в) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1)As British overseas possessions increased, the raising of sheep for wool and mutton became a minor occupation in the colonies

2)In the early 1990s the major exports lf Britain were road vehicles and other transportation equipment.

3)Stonehenge is Britain’s prehistoric monument.

VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

When did trade with other Commonwealth members and with the sterling area decline?

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IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

б) Письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложе& ния. Помните, что инфинитивные обороты часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1)Entrepreneurship is regarded to be the first track to success.

2)You want us to help your company out of its difficulties by lending you money.

3)You expect us to save the day for you and get nothing in return.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, 3.

Entrepreneurs

1. Entrepreneur is a person who organizes and manages a business. This is a French word that has been accepted into the English lan&

guage.

Its popularity probably has something to do with its grand sound which befits anyone who has the initiative to create and run a business.

2.Entrepreneurs are a mystery to some people, especially those who are only comfortable with a nine&to&five existence and assured weekly paychecks and fringe benefits. The entrepreneur is a business person who prefers to take calculated risks in order to be his or her own boss.

3.Sometimes the entrepreneur is regarded as a business person who takes risks. This is not so. An entrepreneur is a business person who minimizes risks. He or she does this by advance planning, research, and meticulous consideration of all factors that could affect and possibly endanger her or his enterprise. When the entrepreneur forgets to do advance investigation and preparation, then he or she is a gambler at best and a failure statistic at worst.

4.Speaking about entrepreneurship, professor K.Vesper of the Uni& versity of Washington says that «Business continue to be launched by people who didn’t make it the first time around. A driving force in en& trepreneurship…. Is addictiveness. Once people have a taste of freedom in a business of their own, they like it. They don’t want to go back to working for someone else».

5.While the percentage of growth for men entering into business in& dependence could be measured in the teens, women’s increase in a sin&

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gle decade was 69 percent. There is no mystery here. Women go into business for the same reason men do – to make money and to be their own bosses. The rise in female entrepreneurship is reminiscent of what the early&20th&century immigrants did – and the more recent waves of immigrants from different parts of the world. Entrepreneurship is re& garded to be the first track to success. Rather than to take low&wage, big industry job, people opt to use their wits and energy to climb the ladder of independence the entrepreneurial way.

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)

а) истинными (true) б) ложными (false)

в) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1)An entrepreneur is regarded as a business person who takes risks.

2)Once people have a taste of freedom in a business of their own, they don’t want to go back to working for someone else.

3)Each person who owns stock in a corporation becomes its co&owner.

VII. Прочитайте абзац 5 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What is the reason women go into business?

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2)The growing diversification of services rendered by American cor& porations resulted in their beginning to offer entire packages of services.

3)After some hard talking officials the decision went China’s way at a meeting in Geneva of the Convention on International Trade.

IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

б) Письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложе& ния. Помните, что инфинитивные обороты часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1)Mobile operators appear to have realized that they need to open up their networks.

2)The Fed is reported to accept paper issued by «government&spon& sored» enterprises.

3)They called for America’s illegal immigrants to be treated sensibly and humanely.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3, 4.

Land of the Rising Price

1.Japan, people like to argue, is one place that should greet the return of inflation with joy. The country, after all, has been in the grip of defla& tionary forces for over a decade. Even after an economic recovery which began in 2002, the lingering deflationary mindset has meant firms have struggled to raise prices or pay better wages. A burst of inflation, the Japan bulls say, will provide just the shot in the arm that economy needs.

2.Prices are indeed on the rise. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) raised its forecast for ‘core’ inflation in the fiscal year ending in March 2009 to 1.8% up from 1.1%. But even Japan’s «core» inflation rate, which strips out both energy and fresh food, is ticking up, as higher prices for whole& sale goods pass on to consumers. Higher prices not only do harm to Ja& pan’s external strength. They are eating into workers’ real earnings, and hurting companies’ profit margins at home (as they have difficulty pass& ing on higher costs).

3.The prices of Japan’s exports relative to imports have deteriorated for at least four years, but until recently growth in companies’ sales vol& umes had more than made up for that. Japan’s recovery was under&