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Railway station complex "Ladozhsky" in St. Petersburg,

architect N. Yavein, Studio 44, 2001-2003

BUS STATION BUILDINGS

Placement of bus stations. Station layout

The choice of the location of the bus station and its basic architectural and spatial scheme are determined in accordance with the general decision of the transport hub of the city, on the basis of the general plan of its development, taking into account the existing or projected transport situation, as well as the totality of specific urban construction and natural conditions. At the same time, it is advisable to place bus stations and central city transport agencies primarily in the central part of the city or at the following locations: close to it, in a zone of mass pedestrian traffic. Stations are connected to the city center, as a rule, by main streets of citywide significance.

When designing bus stations, it should be assumed that the passenger, having got from the station square to the territory of the bus station, becomes the object of servicing the system of extra-city bus services before leaving the bus station to the station iarea at the point of arrival. Passenger service is provided in a complex consisting of the station premises and the square adjacent to the bus station. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the optimal placement of public transport stops at the bus station.

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The platforms are divided into departure platforms for boarding passengers and arrival platforms for disembarking passengers. There should be smooth and shortest routes of passage from the building to the bus cabin, organization, ease of orientation in the bus station building and ease of passenger boarding.

The main types of bus station platforms:

1 — straight; 2 — ledge — shaped;

3-comb-shaped

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Usually, the platform consists of a sidewalk raised 25-30 cm above the roadway and a canopy over it, the latter must be necessarily above the departure platform. The area of the platform, to the edge of which the bus comes when boarding or disembarking passengers, is called a post (boarding or disembarking). The number of such posts is a calculated indicator of the platform, on which all its parameters depend. In domestic practice, rectilinear and ledge-like configurations of the platform edge are considered more appropriate. In our practice, the length of the landing post on rectangular platform is assumed to be 22 m, and the disembarkation is 16 m. With smooth edges, a 15-18 m section is required for each bus route (post). It is advisable to arrange separate arrival and departure platforms in medium and large bus stations. Given that disembarking from the bus takes no more than 3-5 minutes, and boarding - up to 15-20 minutes, the number of departure posts should be taken 2-3 times more than the number of arrival posts. The most economical and convenient for maneuvering buses are the serrated edges at an angle of 45°, while the area of the platform per 1 post can be limited to 120-170 m2.

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Bus station in Tallinn

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Nagasaki Bus Station Project, Japan, arch. Sh. Yo, 2001

RIVER AND SEA STATIONS

The passenger area of a sea or river port should be isolated from its cargo berths and the cargo port terminal. The location of a sea or river station should be linked to the general layout of the port, as well as to the mutual location of other port areas, the purpose of neighboring berths, the loading of harmful, dusty, liquid or other cargo on them that negatively affects the sanitary and hygienic regime of the passenger port.

Depending on the nature of the tides, as well as the natural and topographical situation, the following solutions are used for the platforms (mooring front) of seaport passenger areas:

—open mooring front;

—pool system of berths;

—pier system of berths;

—combined solutions that combine different types of mooring front

(for example, a pool front with a pier system of berths).

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