Railway stations are classified according to a number of characteristics:
—by the purpose or types of vehicles used and the corresponding types of passenger services: long-distance, sea, river and bus stations, as well as air terminals at airports and city air terminals;
—according to the terms of placement on highway: terminal or dead-end stations, where the majority of passengers end their trip on external transport; junction stations, located at the intersection of external transport lines, where a significant part of passengers make transfers, and intermediate stations, located between terminal and hub stations
(ports, airports);
—by the prevailing categories of passengers served in accordance with the main types of passenger services: international, long-distance, local, suburban, intra-city;
—by capacity and the corresponding one-time capacity: small, medium, large and huge.
The arrangement of combined stations is recommended in the presence of significant flows of passengers transferring at a particular node from one type of mainline, local or suburban transport to another. Combined stations: railway — bus; river — bus; sea — bus; sea — railway.
The station complex consists of the following interconnected elements:
—the station square with public transport stops, parking lots and other facilities;
—main passenger, service-technical and facility buildings and structures, landscaping elements, small architectural forms;
—passenger platforms for receiving and sending railway passengers, berths and piers of sea and river ports, internal transport territory of bus stations and passenger bus stations, airport platform. Passenger platforms is a part of a passenger railway station territory, a passenger area of a sea or river port, an airport, intended for boarding and disembarking of passengers, parking and maneuvering of appropriate vehicles, as well as loading or unloading luggage, mail, etc.
Within the station complexes, the basic rules for organizing the main pedestrian paths should be observed:
—the paths of pedestrians (passengers and visitors) should be convenient, short and straight, without unnecessary ascents and descents; the average length of the pedestrian path of passengers from the stopping points of urban public transport to a place in a train compartment, a cabin of a sea or river vessel, a seat in an intercity bus or the cabin in the aircraft should not exceed 300 m in huge, large and big cities, 200 m in medium and small cities;
—the pedestrian paths (passengers and visitors) should be safe, with a minimum number of intersections with the paths of all types of urban, service and additional transport and external transport;
—there must be a complete or partial separation of the main oncoming and intersecting passenger flows in the building itself, on the station forecourt and on the platform;
—it is necessary to provide special facilities-access ramps with handrails in addition to the stairs (for small ascents and descents); when boarding and disembarking from a vehicle, access ladders for the disabled and the elderly, as well as passengers with small
—to reduce the time spent by passengers on any operation, the area, size and capacity of all the rooms and elements of the station should be proportional to its estimated capacity, with the exception of the socalled “bottlenecks” and the risk of congestion and queues;
—the premises and devices necessary for passengers and visitors (in the square, in the passenger building itself, or in a group of buildings and on the platform) must be located taking into account their consistent visibility, which excludes return traffic.
SPACE-PLANNING SOLUTION
The space-planning solutions of railway station buildings must meet the following general requirements:
—provide a mutually coordinated organization of passengers and visitors movement with the separation of the arrival and departure flows, as well as the flows of long-distance, local, transit and suburban passengers;
—provide for the location of operating rooms and devices (information desk, ticket and baggage counters, cameras storage, etc.) approximately to the main ways of movement of passengers main flows;
—provide for the location of premises intended for waiting for passengers, as well as public catering and commercial and consumer services for passengers, close to the platform with the separation of the corresponding premises and zones from the main routes of passenger traffic;
—provide for the location of long-term waiting rooms, including those intended for the disabled, as well as mother and child rooms, isolated from the most noisy rooms and areas of the station, possibly with the arrangement of special exits to the platform for the corresponding categories of passengers;
—to provide convenient operation for personnel, as well as for platform
crews, with the arrangement of separate exits to the platform for them.
878
The premises of railway stations are divided into four groups: passenger as main purpose; additional passenger service; administrative-service and utility-technical.
1.Group of passenger rooms for the main purpose:
— lobby;
— operating rooms;
— waiting rooms;
— ticket halls — ticket and baggage counters;
— distribution halls;
— rooms for passengers with children;
— facilities for baggage collection and storage;
— storage for hand baggage;
— sanitary blocks.
2.Group of additional passenger service facilities:
— restaurants, cafes, buffets;
— passenger lounges;
— retail premises;
— information bureaus;
— bank branch;
— post office, telegraph;
