11104

Olympic villages

The Olympic Village is a complex of buildings in which members of the delegations of the participating countries of the Olympic Games are located. The Olympic village must meet all the requirements of the International People's Olympic Committee.

Athletes, coaches, team leaders, technical and maintenance personnel live in the Olympic Village; members of inter-

international organizations, judges, journalists do not belong to them. Olympic village includes three main functional

zones: residential, management and international. First floors

buildings are usually equipped for headquarters premises. To the composition

Olympic village includes residential buildings, necessary facilities infrastructure, food, trade, cultural and leisure centre, service institutions, information centre, car parking, car inspection and maintenance station. The sports complex of the village should provide all the conditions for training athletes and their comfortable living. Thus, it is a whole town that should be located close to the Olympic stadiums and places

sporting events.

731

An important professional issue is the possibility of using the structures of the Olympic village after the Olympics. The buildings of the Olympic Village can be used as residential buildings for residents of the city, as student dormitories, apartments, as well as for other needs. The infrastructure of the

Olympic villages is constant. Thus, they are currently being built taking into account environmental requirements, as well as the requirements of the

Paralympic Games. To create a barrier-free environment, all architectural objects and their equipment take into account the characteristics of various groups of people with disabilities.

735

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS

737

Due to a number of social and economic factors, the growth of the population of large cities, the development of construction technologies, business and financial activity, as well as the improvement of forms of retail and wholesale trade, there are new types of buildings and retail establishments. The main directions of this process: the emergence of the network market has led to the emergence of one of its main components — super-and hypermarkets closed retail spaces for universal use. Their architecture is often reduced to the form of the simplest parallelepipeds, having mainly utilitarian goals. The second component of the network market are malls, or warehouse stores. Having appeared at the intersections of highways and turning peripheral areas into attractive places from the point of view of visiting these institutions. They influenced the formation of the universal commercial building typology. In addition, new types of temporary retail structures have been formed in the form of small-scale wholesale and retail markets and minimarkets that have the character of temporary pavilions. And finally, the most relevant direction is the formation of large multifunctional shopping centers-structures that perform a number of related functions along with the dominant shopping center: business, entertainment, catering and financial.

738