There are the following health care institutions:
—medical institutions with a hospital, dispensaries, maternity hospitals, medical centers;
—clinics;
—pharmacies, dairy kitchens;
—medical rehabilitation and correctional institutions, including for children;
—blood transfusion stations, ambulance stations;
—health resorts.
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MASTER PLANS. SITE REQUIREMENTS
On the land plots of hospitals, maternity hospitals, dispensaries with hospitals, the following functional zones should be allocated:
—the zone of medical buildings for non-infectious patients;
—area of medical buildings for infectious patients;
—polyclinic area;
—area of buildings for radiological equipment placement;
—garden and park area;
—facility zone;
—area of the pathologic-anatomical building.
Areas of medical and preventive institutions with hospitals should be fenced around the perimeter, and it is not allowed to place buildings and structures that are not functionally connected with hospitals.
Access roads should be provided to the buildings of medical institutions. It is necessary to provide separate entrances to the following zones on the land plot of the hospital:
—medical buildings for non-infectious patients;
—medical buildings for infectious patients;
—pathologic and anatomical building;
—facility zone.
It is recommended to take the following distances between the buildings of medical and preventive institutions:
between the walls of buildings with windows from the chambers — 2.5 m of the height of the opposing building, but not less than 25 m;
between the buildings with wards and the pathologic-anatomical building or buildings located in the facility zone (excluding the buildings of the food preparation service) — not less than 30 m;
between the buildings of the food preparation service and the pathologicalanatomical building — at least 30 m;
between the radiological building and other buildings — at least 25 m.
The food preparation service-canteens with service rooms should be located in the facility zone or in the area of medical buildings for non-infectious patients. It is necessary to provide platforms for visitors at the rate of 0.2 m2 per bed or one visit per shift, but not less than 50 m2 in front of the main entrances to hospitals, polyclinics, dispensaries and maternity hospitals. The distance from the buildings of hospitals with wards, buildings of maternity hospitals and dispensaries with hospitals to the red lines, as well as to residential buildings should be at least 30 m; the distance from the medical and diagnostic buildings of the hospital, as well as buildings of polyclinics, women's consultation and dispensary without a
hospital — at least 15 m. |
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The area of green spaces and lawns should be at least 60% of the area of the sites of hospitals and dispensaries with stations.
The size of the garden and park area of the hospital, maternity hospital and dispensary with a hospital should be taken equal to 25 m2 for one bed. Outdoor sport facilities should be at least 25 m away from buildings with wards.
It is necessary to develop green spaces with a width of 15 m on the perimeter of the hospital and plots with a width of 10 m on the perimeter of the polyclinic.
The pathologic-anatomical building, the driveways to it and the parking lot of funeral cars should not be viewed from the windows of medical buildings and from the garden and park area.
Psychiatric, drug treatment, rehabilitation, and tuberculosis hospitals with longterm patient stays should be located in a green or suburban area.
SPATIAL PLANNING SOLUTIONS
Mother and Child Hospital in Nizhny Novgorod, |
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architect A. Kamenyuk, Y. Kartsev, 2002 |
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Medical organizations intended directly for patients are divided into two groups: inpatient and outpatient treatment.
The following structural divisions can be part of medical organizations with a hospital:
hospitals,
consulting and diagnostic departments,
medical departments,
auxiliary,
household services,
premises of clinical departments,
day hospitals.
The calculated indicators of the capacity of medical institutions are: for hospitals with inpatient facilities — the number of beds; for outpatient clinics — the number of visits per shift. The structure and composition of medical and preventive institutions premises are determined by the design task, taking into account the profile, capacity of institutions and the centralization of clinical and diagnostic laboratories, pathologic-anatomical departments, central sterilization departments, administrative services, food preparation services, laundries, garages.
