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2.Itten, I. The art of color / Iohannes Itten - 11-e izd. – M. : D. Aronov, 2016. – 96 p.

3.Norin, M. Color Design. Practice / Norin Morioka, Sin Adams, Terri Li Stoun. – M. : RIP-Holding, 2006. – 240 p.

E.S. Kavun, S.B. Iliin, D.A. Loshkareva

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,

Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

ADJUSTABLE COMPUTER OPERATOR CHAIR

The idea of an adjustable computer operator chair is relevant nowadays because today a lot of people work in offices. Lack of physical inactivity and occupational diseases are becoming more acute problems. Many office chairs respond only to regulative documents but do not support people’s movements and postures.

Transition to remote work and co-working advent causes changes in furniture: heavy and solid cabinets, chairs and tables have acquired the lightness and mobility necessary for frequent rearrangements. More and more consumers and manufacturers of office furniture are thinking about the environmental friendliness of materials.

The purpose of this study is the following:

-explore a familiar piece of furniture, to see it from a new side,

-develop the most convenient version of an office chair,

-function, design, price, comfort, environmental friendliness and ease of maintenance must meet the needs of the consumer.

The object of the study is adjustable computer chairs for working at a computer desk. The subject of the study is an office adjustable computer chair for staff.

It is common that your lifestyle has a direct effect on your body and psyche: not only physically hard work can cause harm. Durable sitting at a desk provokes many diseases, but now this approach to the organization of the workplace is considered a forced measure. Analogues of chairs are diverse: an office chair, a knee chair, a "dancing" chair, a saddle chair - all these are attempts to solve the existing problem of the prolonged sitting position consequences, but the optimal solution has not yet been found: almost all of these chairs do not take into account natural movements and do not support the body.

In this work functional, ergonomic analogues will be found, an analysis of the research by Knoll of the present and future office chairs will be carried out.

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Sitting for a long time motionless is unnatural. The only way to sit effectively while keeping the pose of your body for a long time is constant changes of different natural centered and healthy poses. The chair is required to allow its users to change their posture dynamically. When we sit up straight or lean forward, we expose our bodies to enormous stress and tension, especially the lumbar part of the back. That is why some researchers claim that any chair will eventually become uncomfortable.

An answer to the question “how to sit?” is crucial for the design of effective chairs. There are also such questions as: “Should an office chair support the entire range of positions that people take, and if so, how can the seat do this without limiting the poses? And if not, how to choose the positions?”

Many researches are focused on so-called risk factors: these are conditions and actions that increase the likelihood of pain, discomfort and injury due to cramped postures associated with prolonged sitting position while doing tasks at the workplace. But these factors decrease when your office chair supports the dynamic nature of the seat.

Design of a seat is based on anthropometric data or measurements of body size; however, these data are not without reservations and gaps. Measurements of sitting are regulated as vertical with feet on the floor; the legs and arms joints are at right angles. This approach has been called cubistic. This pose is rarely valid because it increases the likelihood of discomfort due to pressure and tension in the lumbar.

Modern researchers finally recognize that there is no correct posture and no single correct way to sit. Many poses can be comfortable in relation to person and type of work. Standards and recommendations still reflect that point of view: an ergonomic chair must support a limited number of postures.

Nowadays an office chair design ignores the fact that people are engaged in many different activities and should adapt to a wide variety of poses. Considering the limitations of previous research, future office chairs should take into account what a chair should do: support the human body, while being suitable for the person who is sitting in it.

If all the people were similar it would be easier, but it is not like that. Office chair designers should take into account the people who will use

this item. In fact, many modern ergonomic chairs do it well according to the criteria of international standards. Most ergonomic ratings focus on compliance with dimensional criteria.

Nowadays computer technologies help employees to get free of specific locations. As wireless technologies spread, work becomes more remote. New approaches to management and organization of work depend on knowledge and skills of people working individually and in a team. Work is becoming cooperative and includes tasks connected with each employee and demands

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interactive cooperation with other people. Switching between these modes of work will be supported with the next generation office chair. It will not only conform to your body, but also promote dynamic and natural movement. An office chair will allow you to sit at the computer and to interact with other people, to turn and to bend and to stretch your arms. It will be simple, natural and pleasant to use.

The concept of my project is ergonomic: an emphasis is placed on creating conditions for comfortable posture. The back of the seat is connected to the base with a support-armrest which is S-shaped. It gives a new interpretation to a classic kneeling chair [Fig.1].

Figure 1. Ergonomic chair project

Aluminium and polyurethane foam were used in the project. Metal chair base and armrest add solidity to the look. The project is based on two points of support which are pelvis and knees. This will help to distribute the load evenly. Ergonomics is based on an axis perpendicular to the floor passing conditionally along the human spine. The degree between the lower leg and the thigh is 90 degrees so that the muscles do not overstrain and do not disturb the blood flow.

The concept of form is based on a combination of straight and curved lines and their interaction.

In conclusion, we would like to say that an office chair should do more than just comply with standards. It should be suitable for people and support them in many postures they take, including different movements. Moreover, an office chair should be easy to use and environmentally friendly. Despite the fact that now more people than ever work in an office environment that requires a long stay at the desk, the future of an office chair is very uncertain. People are aware of the sedentary lifestyle harm and are gradually changing office chairs

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for items such as balancing chairs and treadmills. It is likely that the office chair in some other form, unlike its modern counterparts, will continue to serve as a tool for increasing employee productivity in the future.

References

1.Bagadinov E.I. Ergonomics in design. Ulyanovsk State Technical University. Sbornik statej studentov, aspirantov i molodyh uchenyh po itogam Vserossijskoj shkola-seminar aspirantov, studentov i molodyh uchenyh «Informatika, modelirovanie, avtomatizaciya proektirovaniya» (IMAP-2020). [Electronic resource]. - URL access mode: https://ulstu.ru/science/conferences- and-exhibitions/ (Accessed on 13.09.2022)

2.Muradyan, S. S. Coworking model of a modern office // Molodye uchenye v reshenii aktual'nyh problem nauki : Sbornik statej studentov, aspirantov i molodyh uchenyh po itogam Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Krasnoyarsk, May 19–20, 2016. – Krasnoyarsk: Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 2016. – P. 261-263.

3.Tim Springer. The Future of Ergonomic Office Seating. Knoll workplace research, Inc. 2010. [Electronic resource]. - URL access mode: https://www.ijret.org/volumes/2015v04/i06/IJRET20150406076.pdf (Accessed on 20.08.2022)

J.A. Vyacheslavleva, D.A. Loshkareva

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,

Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

PECULIARITIES OF DATABASE DEVELOPMENT AND GRAPHICAL INTERFACE FOR THE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES ORGANIZATION

The subject of this paper is the database and graphical interface development for the scientific conferences organization.

To organize a conference, it is necessary to process a large number of applications, articles and other materials, as well as keep records and store all the necessary information. It is quite difficult to perform these tasks manually, so we decided to develop a means of automating this process to simplify the work of various conferences employees.

To implement the task, it was necessary to analyze and study the systems and tools for creating and managing databases, as well as software tools for

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creating interfaces. As a result of our research, we decided to choose Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Server Management Studio as a means of creating a database, and write the graphical interface in the C# programming language.

For a start, we created the database itself to store various information about conferences. It consists of 5 tables: Participants, Participants_of_report, Reports, Events, Timetables and looks like this [Fig. 1].

Figure 1. The database to store information about conferences

The Participants table contains basic data about the participants of the conference, such as the last name, the first name and the date of birth. The Participants_of_report table contains data about the reports submitted by the participants. The Reports table contains the data with various reports. The Events table contains information about events held within the specific conference. Moreover, the Timetables table contains information about the schedule of the current scientific conference.

For the convenience and simplicity of working with this database, we created a graphical interface as an application in the C# programming language. The main form of which contains buttons for accessing the database tables or creating reports on the results of the conference [Fig. 2].

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Figure 2. The main form of graphical interface

The Participants form opens when you click on the appropriate button on the main form [Fig. 3]. It allows you to view the list of records in the "Participants" table, as well as add, edit or delete records.

Figure 3. The Participants form of graphical interface

The "Events" form allows you to view and edit data from the appropriate table, and it is possible to filter data [Fig. 4]. To add an entry a click on the "Add" button opens a new form in which the necessary information is filled in.

Figure 4. The "Events" form of graphical interface

By clicking on the "Reports" button on the main form, you can open the appropriate form, where you can view the list of available reports, as well as edit them [Fig. 5]. In addition, here you can open the "Report Participants" form, where you can see information about who is presenting each report.

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Figure 5. "Reports" form of graphical interface

Another form allows you to modify the data in the Schedule table [Fig.6]. This form is a little more complicated in order to avoid incorrect date and time entry.

Figure 6. The "Schedule" form of graphical interface

On each form, there is a filtering of records to make the specific data search or analysis more convenient.

In conclusion it is necessary to note that this development could help to automate the work with documents at scientific conferences. It can also be improved by upgrading existing features or adding new ones.

References

1.Prezentaciya po kursu v formate .pdf [Electronic resource]. - URL access mode: https://www.kislicyn.rf/images/Site_Materials/c-sharp/cs-2.pdf (Accessed on 24.08.2022)

2.Razrabotka interfejsa bazy` danny`x "Dokumenty` kafedry`" [Electronic resource]. - URL access mode: http://elar.uspu.ru/bitstream/uspu/14695/1/Saltanov2.pdf (Accessed on 21.09.2022)

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3. Osetrova I.S., Razrabotka baz danny`x v MS SQL Server 2014. - SPb: Universitet ITMO, 2016. – 114 s. [Electronic resource]. - URL access mode: https://books.ifmo.ru/file/pdf/2141.pdf (Accessed on 10.09.2022)

A.G. Ivaniuk, M.V. Bodrov, D.A. Loshkareva

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,

Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

HEAT-SHIELDING PROPERTIES FORMATION TECHNIQUE OF LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS ENCLOSING STRUCTURES

Nowadays, one of the main strategic objectives of our country is to strengthen food security [1]. Reduction of production costs and livestock farming costs can be achieved by increasing energy efficiency and reducing the energy intensity of such agricultural production enterprises.

A scientific school for the creation of energy-efficient systems providing microclimate parameters of livestock buildings, including cowsheds, poultry farms and pig breeding complexes has been created and developed under the leadership of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, professor, doctor of technical sciences V.I. Bodrov in Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

Cowsheds, as premises for the cattle keeping, are characterized by the presence of constant all-year-round biological heat emissions (Qb), W, depending on many factors: the number of livestock, age and weight of animals, the current indoor air temperature (t), °C, etc. The normative values of the heat release, carbon dioxide emissions and water vapor from one animal are given in Table 1 [2].

The main provision of the developed methodology indicates that in the cold period in unheated livestock premises the thermophysical characteristics of external fences should provide such a specific heat flow through them to prevent

hypothermia of animals (ΣQ = 0) at the calculated outdoor temperature (tн), taking in to account constantly operating biological heat emissions from animals

(Qб). In other words, it is justified to take as a basis the rationing of the heat transfer resistance of external fences (), specific heat flow (), taking into account

the current biological heat release (Qб) and space-planning solutions:

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where: F = Fw + Fo – the area of the exterior walls and coatings, m2; m – the coefficient that takes into account the proportion of heat loss through floors, underground or diking parts of buildings: m = 0.03...0.05 for aboveground; m = 0.08...0.10 with diking ≈ 0.5 of the height of the exterior walls; m = 0.25...0.30 for completely buried or diking parts of buildings [Tab.1].

Table 1 Normative values of heat release, carbon dioxide eissions and water vapor from one cow at t

= 10 °C [2]

One of the advantages of this interpretation of the room thermal (energy) balance is no need to determine the normalized differential (), °С, and the dew

point temperature on the inner surface of the outer enclosing structures, (tт.р.),

°С, as well as heat transfer coefficients on the inner surface of fences αв, W/(m2 · °C).

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It should be noted that under non-stationary heat exchange conditions at low indoor air temperatures tв and high relative humidity values φв in cowsheds, achieving high definition accuracy and αв is not feasible.

Another indisputable advantage of the determination method is the relationship consideration of the functional technological purpose of livestock buildings with the biological characteristics of the animals kept there. It is especially important when designing cowsheds to achieve maximum loading of premises by rational technological partitioning of premises.

The apparent heat emissions of animals with their estimated number n in the room are equal to:

where: qж – the apparent specific heat released by the animal, W [5, 6]; k1 – coefficient for indoor air temperature [5];

k2 – coefficient that takes into account the actual number of animals in the room [5];

k3 – coefficient that takes into account the heat release of animals at night: for cattle and pigs k3 = 0,8 [4…6].

Livestock buildings are not completely unheated structures due to the need to remove moisture released during vital activity. The amount of moisture

released by cows and calves jж, g/h, given in the reference [4…6] and

specialized veterinary literature.

Minimum amount of outdoor air for the assimilation of excess moisture is equal to:

where: , g/h; ρв – outdoor air density, kg/m3;

dуд, dпр – moisture content of the removed (exhaust) and supply air, g/kg

of dry air.

Minimum heat consumption for heating the outdoor air:

Outdoor calculated temperature (), which require the costs of artificially generated heat for heating the supply air is determined from the heat balance of each specific livestock building by the formula:

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