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campus building of MSU is decorated by bronze sculptures of young men and girls with books in hands, and also four sculptures are established on a projection of risalit.

The residence on Kudrinskaya Square (M.V. Posokhin) is easy to recognize by characteristic side-member. Special feature of a skyscraper are sculptures (Pictures 5-6).

Pic.5. MSU on Sparrow Hills Square arch. Rudnev L.V., Chernyshyov S.E.

Pic.6. The residence on Kudrinskayaarch. arch. Posokhin M.V.

The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (V. Gelfreykh, M. Minkus) - one of the most remarkable Stalinist skyscrapers. The MFA differs from others primarily in the fact that has clear-cut vertical facade articulation – rigid edges, which emphasize height of the building and its heavenward.

It is reasonably safe to suggest that the administrative – residential building near "Red gate" (A.N. Dushkin, B.S. Mezentsev) is the most "Russian" of all. In its decoration are applied typical elements from Russian architecture of the XVII century, such as arbors and pyramids on a building roof (Pictures 7-8).

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Pic.7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, arch. Gelfreykh V.G., Minkus M.A.

Pic.8. Residential building near “Red gate” arch. Dushkin A.N., Mezentsev B.S.

The general rise in the country, pathos of a victory was displayed in architecture of Gorky. As in the center of Moscow, Gorky Square was supposed to be made an ensemble of residential buildings of six– seven–storey houses. However, in 1954 only one house – Gorky Square, 2 (Bubnov) – was turned into reality upon the project. For the first time in the city on its resalit a rounded roof fronton was applied.

All largest public buildings of Gorky were designed according to classical canons - symmetrical main facades. May be said, TsUM – Central Universal Department Store (Rymarenko) – is the most interesting constructions of this type. Two main facades are decorated with the monumental semi-desk column of the Doric order, going on height of three-storey. The friso adorns rhythm of the narrow windows, playing the role of triglyphs with decorative rosaces between them (Pictures 9-10).

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Pic.9. Gorky Square, №2arch. Bubnov U.N.

Pic.10. TsUMarch. Rymarenko V.N.

The consequence of conducted work allows drawing the following conclusion:

1.Soviet architecture 30-50-ies of the twentieth century was characterized by the monumentality of forms and the significant of the architectural-artistic appearance, which is due to the prevalence of ideological meaning over utilitarianistic.

2.Under study it has elicited a fact that a number of outstanding masters of architecture worked in Moscow during this period: I. Zholtovsky, K. Alabyan, D. Chechulin. In N.Novgorod: Neeman I.E., P. Silvanov

3.It make clear that a mastery of classic artistic legacy was became preponderate in construction style direction of the pre-war architecture. It was being on full display in usage of a large order, portico, rustic, classical bed moulding, balustrade, etc.

4.As a result of the analysis it has established that in the post-war architecture the pathos of victory was expressed in the still greater monumentality and solemnity of public ideological facilities.

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5. It make clear that the most striking event in the Soviet architecture of post-war Moscow was the construction of famous Stalinist skyscrapers, in the creation of which architects - M. Posokhin, A. Dushkin, B. Mezentsev - took part. In Nizhny Novgorod, there worked such architects as Bubnov U.N., Rymarenko V.N.

E.V. Smirnova, D.A. Loshkareva

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

SPORT IMPROVES CITIES OF RUSSIA

We decided to touch upon such a topic as improving the cities of Russia to find out what has changed in our country recently, and also thanks to what it happened. We all want to be proud of our country, to admire it and rejoice that we live here, so this topic in my opinion must be quite interesting.

Why do people dream of going abroad? Probably, because foreign cities are more groomed, cleaner and more interesting, and, as we know, people are drawn to this to experience positive emotions. I do not know why there are less graceful and entertaining structures in Russia, and dirtier than abroad, but, in my opinion, the situation has improved recently. I believe that this merit belongs to sports in many respects, however it may sound strange. I draw such a conclusion because of the Sochi Olympics.

Thus, the object of the research are sport facilities in Russia created and constructed due to Russia hostage of the Olympics (2014) and the World Cup (2018).

When in 2007 the National Olympic Committee chose Sochi as the capital of the 2014 Olympics, there were no large building structures in a small seaside resort, there were only small houses and problem with transport accessibility. Seven years and $ 51 billion is the common cost for the Olympics in Sochi, which has turned a quiet place into a modern sports center of the country, where there is a new railway system, many sports facilities, equipped with the latest technology.

Olympic facilities in Sochi are the Olympic Park of Sochi on the Black Sea coast and Sochi Krasnopolyansky objects in the mountains.

The Olympic Park is a complex of facilities for sporting events, as well as various infrastructure facilities designed to open and close the Olympic Games, accommodation of athletes and members of the Olympic family, transport facilities and other facilities to support the life of people on the territory of the Olympic Park.

The most grandiose construction of the Olympic Park is the «Fisht» stadium, where the opening and closing ceremonies of the XXII Winter Olympic

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Games were held. The capacity of the stadium is 40,000 spectators during the Winter Olympics. The «Fisht» stadium was rebuilt after the Olympic Games for the Games of the World Cup in 2018. Its capacity has increased to 47659 spectators.

All other sports facilities of the coastal cluster are the arenas for conducting competitions on ice. The second largest sports facility with a capacity of 12,000 spectators is the Ice Palace «Bolshoy», where ice hockey competitions took place. Also there is Ice Palace of Sports «Iceberg», small ice arena «Shaiba», indoor skating center «Adler-Arena», arena for curling «Ledyanoy Kub», two training arenas, area for awarding winners «MedalPlasa», Olympic Village, the main media center, hotels for members of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic family, economic buildings and large screens for watching sports in the Olympic Park.

A significant place in the Olympic Park is allocated to the Sochi race track Autodrome for car competitions. The construction of the race track for the highest-level competitions began in the process of preparing the construction of facilities for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. After the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, the stages of the Formula 1 - Grand Prix of Russia competitions are held annually at Sochi Autodrome.

Also, the "Monument to the Olympic Flame" pleases the eye in the center of the Olympic Park. As it was already mentioned, Sochi's Olympic facilities are located in two clusters. We have already told you about the coastal cluster, now we propose to talk about the mountain cluster.

Sports Olympic facilities of Sochi of the Mountain cluster are located on the ridges of Aibga and Psehaco. Center «Sanki», the ski jumps «Russian Hills» and the Olympic facilities «Rosa Hutor» are equipped on the slopes of the Aibga ridge. Sports Olympic Sochi objects on the slopes of the Psehaco Ridge are a system of ski runs and two separate stadiums for the ski and biathlon complex «Laura», a mountain Olympic village near the complex, a ramified network of cable cars and ski slopes with evening illumination of the resort.

So, Sochi city has turned into a beautiful, high-tech, clean city, thanks to the Olympic Games (Pic. 1).

Fortunately, this is not the only example when sport helps to improve our cities. In the same way, thanks to the World Cup 2018, a large number of Russian cities have changed, such as our Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Ekaterinburg, Kaliningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Saransk. Now there are renovated roads, well-groomed streets, new constructions and beautiful stadiums in these cities. 4 cities with experience of large-scale events, namely, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan and Sochi simply passed through a small modernization and are improved too.

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Pic. 1

To sum up, sport proved to be an excellent incentive for the transformation of our cities.

Z.V. Aleschina, E.V. Kartseva

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

STUDY OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN SCOPE OF THE

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN COURSE

To master the profession of an architect it is important to understand various architectural styles from different epochs. It is the basis for competent building design in future. Indeed, architecture has historically been evolving by knowledge accumulation and one logically follows the other. An architect should freely distinguish styles, recognize their basic features, be able to compare one with another and perform architectural design in accordance with a given style. That is why there are many course works related to this topic in the course of architectural design in our university. I would like to describe my work I have done to create an annotation board for one of architectural monuments in our city in accordance with its style.

For my course work I chose the building of the State Bank of Russia located on the main street of Nizhny Novgorod – Bolshaya Pokrovskaya. The architect of this building is Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pokrovskiy in whose honor the street was named. The building was constructed in 1911-1913 in the neoRussian style. This time period belongs to modern one. The neo-Russian style is

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eclectic and combines traits of different styles. In our case it is the combination of Byzantine culture and some elements of the old Russian architecture. Then there were attempts to create a new national style based on the old Russian architecture but adapted to new realities of time.

Pic.1.

There are several particular features of the neo-Russian style:

1.Combination of the old Russian architecture and elements of Byzantine culture;

2.Non-standard and massive facade shapes;

3.Detailed decoration. Every single component is counted and often consists of several elements;

4.The Byzantine ornament of walls and ceilings;

5.Fabulous visual images similar to ones from ancient epochs;

6.Complex carving in decor, fractional ornaments;

7.Arches and sculptures (as in the Byzantine culture).

The decoration of the building of the State Bank of Russia contains keynotes from the ancient Russian architecture in combination with forms of the Roman and Byzantine styles.

Now I want to tell you about the creation of the annotation board design. The course work was made of 55x75 cm drawing paper and by applying the technique of wash drawing. The board should contain the main and brief annotation about the object.

First, I thought up the outline of the board. To achieve it, I carefully examined the building facade and designed the outline based on the decor of windows and walls.

Then I created the content. I also reproduced forms of the building decor with some small changes. I made them more laconic to prevent the board from merging with the facade because it is quite carved and fractional. The main goal was to adhere to the chosen architectural style. Since the building was

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constructed in early modern one I chose the corresponding font - «printing type modern».

The next step was the decision on what material the board should be made of. Since my idea was to use carving for the decor and inscription, I picked out marble as the base material. It is of 3 cm of thickness taking in account recesses should be no more than 1 cm deep.

To make a good appearance, wash drawing was necessary. One of key things here is providing object’s perspective. The farther away shadows from observers, the brighter they are; the farther away the light from observers, the darker it is. These are the rules the toning techniques is based on. Besides, it was critical to emphasize the texture of the material the board is made of.

The outcome is looking good image of the board giving impression on how it would look like in reality.

Having this course work done, the students perform several tasks:

1.Study of key features of architectural styles;

2.Practicing on using their knowledge to create real objects’ design;

3.Development of their creative and constructive thinking;

4.Development of skills for visual presentation of their drawings;

5.Getting skills for the wash drawing method;

6.Working with methodical recommendations and practical data;

7.Learning creation of font compositions.

I believe this course work is mandatory for the students to make them as good as architects should be. The tasks performed help them to establish the basis for future works in the field of design and architecture as well as to receive new knowledge and skills.

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O. A. Timofeeva, N.F. Ugodchikova

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

LA VILLE FACE AU RISQUE D'INONDATION

Dans le cadre de notre studio, il s'agissait de proposer un quartier du Drac, avec un parc ouvert à tous et des logements avec leurs prolongements extérieurs et leurs stationnements, et surtout proposant des principes pour vivre avec le risque d’inondation identifié sur le site (Pic. 2). En ce qui concerne notre projet, nous avons choisi de s'implanter de part et d'autre du Drac, dans l'intention de créer une sorte de vis à vie entre les deux rives tout en communiquant avec le vieux Pont Lesdiguières, un élément fort existant sur le site. L'idée générale du projet est de faire face à l'inondation mais aussi faire revivre et redynamiser les deux rives tout en les conservant. En d'autres termes, nous n'effectuons aucun changement sur le naturel, l'existant. Comme réponse au risque d'inondation, nous avons proposé un système de structure élevée par rapport au niveau du terrain naturel. En effet, les logements sont sur des pilotis d'une hauteur qui varie entre 4.2 et 4.6m, qui tiennent la structure (Pic. 3).

Pic. 3. Les logements sur des pilotis

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Pic. 5. Croquis du parc

Pic. 6.

Sur la rive Sud, du côté du Claix, un parc mis à disposition de tout le monde vient accueillir les logements. Le nombre de bâtiments dans un groupement d'habitat est varié. Nous retrouvons des logements qui sont regroupés dans deux bâtiments, trois et puis cinq. A chaque fois, ce n'est qu'un seul bâtiment qui desserve les autres. A chaque fois, ce n'est qu'un seul bâtiment qui desserve les autres. L'entrée de ce bâtiment est marquée par une passerelle douce qui guide l'usager vers son habitat depuis le parc. La cage des escaliers

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