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.pdfSuch a station can become a completely unique Russian project, that allows to export energy in a new way and not as a hydrocarbon one. That’s why this project can be a very significant for “Rosatom” and therefore it has high hopes on the NLPP. In addition, if the realization of the trial version is successful, the company expects massive foreign orders and it still has potential clients.
Here comes, that carrying out work in this direction can allow Russia to improve its energetic development level, to create the much more broader network of generation and applying of nuclear fuel in civil, industrial and military spheres. The success of the FNPP can give a new chance for the country to raise the energy potential due to the transition to a more advanced type of fuel used in comparison with the traditional one, and in addition it helps to improve the general technological development of peripheral regions and areas.
The development of the mobile nuclear power plants branch can mainly solve the problems of electricity and heat supply in the areas of difficult access for common transport, in the places where it’s impossible to found the necessary stationary power complex. Besides, as practice shows, the using of such stations in the mobile format can lead to new discoveries in the field of science and technology, which will allow to employ nuclear fuel almost everywhere without the current fears and risks. That is why the way of constructing the mobile nuclear power plants can become the key in energy development for our country and the modernization method of traditional heat and electricity sources use in general.
M.S. Goncharov, D.B. Shikin, D.A. Loshkareva
Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
MOBILE TASK MANAGER
Nowadays there is much unnecessary information passing through our minds each day. This process takes a lot of our time, energy and efforts. The problem is how to automate certain actions to avoid that waste of time. This article is devoted to our solution to that problem.
The object of the development is a mobile application that helps to find a place to solve your problem.
The main aim was to create an application that is easy to use on any Android device. The synchronization between different user devices had to be organized. To sum up, a triple layer system was designed.
The application consists of a client mobile application, server side and database. For a client we have chosen a Xamarin Android application based on C# language. The server has been also written in C#. The database is Microsoft Access.
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The C# is a very popular language and many students know it. That is why it is easy to find new developers to improve the application.
Before using this application you should either register or log in your account and specify your address in your account settings (Pic. 1).
Pic.1 Log in, register and account settings pages
All the plans of a user can be found on the main page of the application (Pic. 2).
The user can add his plan specifying the time into the application then it finds the actual place to make a thing and delivers it to him (Pic. 3).
Continually, the application notifies the owner about a new client, so the host of a company can easily keep his client base system clear.
Finally, the application was created. Now it is still at early development stage, but it is already functional.
Pic.2 Main page
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Pic.3 Adding plan and plan information pages
In conclusion, it is necessary to say that with the help of this application it is convenient to keep your plans in one place and save much time.
E.O. Platova, D.N. Kornilaeva, E.A. Aleshugina
Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
ECO-ARCHITECTURE
At the end of the last century, a serious problem was the sharp deterioration of the environment. The concept of ecological architecture started to emerge only in the 21st century. The concept of a viable architectural environment is not new. It begins at the beginning of the last century. At this time, there was already a theory that considered the replacement of traditional energy sources with alternative ones. Unfortunately, this theory has not brought any results. Environmental attempts of most cities in the world were limited only to landscaping, improvement of ventilation systems and partial reduction of the impact of industrial pollution on the environment. But even small steps served as the beginning on the way to solving the problem of the need to create an ecological architecture. The object of research is eco-architecture.
The aim is to consider the possibilities of eco-architecture. The sources of the beginning of the development of "green" architecture consider the 50s, when interest in national construction increased, which prompted engineers to look for more economic solutions for construction. In the West, in the 70's came the
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energy crisis, which led to an increase in fuel prices around the world. It was the main reason for the growing interest in saving fuel and energy resources, as well as renewable energy sources that could be used to supply heat to buildings and houses. During this period, there are many projects of buildings that operate thanks to solar energy. The first such project was launched in 1972 in Manchester, where he began the erection of demonstration of energy efficient building.
In many countries of the world independently of each other there are ideas about the creation of eco-cities. Such a city would be a sustainable ecological system, which would receive most of the energy for existence from the Sun. Such cities could serve as a solution to the problem of energy savings and their shortage in the developing world. Nowadays, a large part of such projects is implemented. As an example, a village in Germany called "solar Park", consisting of bio domes with solar panels that consume less energy compared to their traditional counterparts. In this village, nothing which does not harm. Even wastewater is purified by plants that devour different types of bacteria. Such amazing buildings are becoming numerous in the world! There are new ideas and proposals concerning the development of ecological architecture. One extremely important and very interesting of these ideas is the idea of creating houses built of straw blocks. It has been proved that straw houses are not only more economical and cheap, but also more durable and durable. As for the microclimate, in such buildings is much more comfortable than in traditional houses. Modern eco-friendly architecture is rapidly growing. There are many practical materials based on natural resources and recycled waste.
Nowadays, many architects think about the projects of eco-buildings that can be seen in France, Italy, USA, Japan, Singapore. Many projects are under development:
1."Vertical forest" in Milan, Milan, Italy
2."Vertical forest" (Bosco Verticale) designed by the architectural Bureau Stefano Boeri (Stefano Boeri Architetti) was built in 2014. The ensemble of two residential towers is decorated with trees, shrubs and flowers. Landings not only revitalize the city, but also absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
3."Spiral", New York, USA
Big Bureau has developed a skyscraper in New York in the form of a spiral. Next to the building is the Park High Line, so the design of the terraces around the perimeter of the 300-meter tower decided to use trees and climbing plants.
Green Cast, Odawara, Japan
In the project Green Cast architect Kengo Kuma (Kengo Kuma) has created a lightweight version of the "green wall". The facade of the building consists partly of panels, behind which there are pots with plants and built ventilation, irrigation and drainage pipes. Greenery in the building adorns not
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only the facade, but also grows on the roof, where residents of the upper floors can go.
1.School of the arts WOHA, Singapore
The art school in Singapore is not only an educational institution for creative and talented people, but also a modern architectural project. The facades of the three buildings are covered with plants, and on the roof there is a recreation Park and a treadmill.
2.Parcel D, Puerto Rico
The creators of the project Parcel d architectural group Oppenheim Architecture + Design deliberately smashed concrete array greens. The architects also thought about the environmental use of water resources: rainwater collection, storage and filtration systems are designed to care for plants and save water.
FPT University of technology campus, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
There are few trees in Ho Chi Minh city, so the campus of FPT University of technology, decided to decorate with greenery and set up a garden in the courtyard. According to the project, the architectural group Vo Trong Nghia Architects will plant plants on the facade in a staggered manner. This architectural solution should not only improve the landscape, but also improve the environment.
3.Spiral tower, Toulouse, France
Architect Daniel Libeskind (Daniel Libeskind) plans to finish a spiral of "green" construction in 2022. In designing the building the architect helped landscape designer Nicolas Giloi (Nicolas Gilsoul) who brought the idea of green natural "layers" of the building.
Caring for the environment is gradually becoming an integral part of modern life. Preservation of nature in urban conditions is the most urgent problem, because modern megacities literally suffocate due to the lack of clean air. The realization of the fact that nature is not only beauty but also health has led to the development of ecological architecture.
E.A. Dmitrieva, I.L. Dmitrieva
Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF DOLPHINS
It is assumed that the behavior of animals is based solely on instincts [2].
But as far as dolphins’ behaviour is concerned, these days there coexist wellknown scientifically proven facts and an endless amount of widespread myths about their intelligence. Let’s have a closer look at the dolphin’s behavior and its possible explanation from the scientific point of view.
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The ability to think, process, analyze and generalize the information provided by the senses and input through the reception channels is called mind. The scientists discovered that dolphins have the basics of logical thinking - it means they have the highest form of mind development. Watching different species of dolphins in the wild and in captivity helped us learn the peculiarities of their behavior – the animals possess social skills, are able to teach each other and to be trained, and they are even capable of understanding the human behavior. Moreover, they are the only animals that, like a human being, have their own ‘language’ and communicate by means of the so-called ‘language’ which represents combinations of different sounds and clicks, i.e. the dolphin’s brain is apt to perceive and reproduce meaningful sounds [3]. Though, it is still a debatable issue if their ‘language’ might be referred to as the second signal system, according to I.P. Pavlov’s classification.
The most acute studies concern the dolphins’ cerebrum. We would like to point out the following specific features in the structure and function of their brain. First, the dolphins are able to switch off one cerebral hemisphere so that the other could have a rest. For that very reason the animals can stay awake and live without sleep. Second, the brains of dolphins (as well as whales) have some special magnet crystals which enable them sense the Earth’s magnetic field.
With the help of the imbedded innate navigation system they are capable of moving around in the waters of oceans and seas easily. However, there are places on our planet where the magnetic field is loose. That’s why in such places dolphins might unexpectedly find themselves on the shore (cast themselves ashore) after this kind of disorientation. Though rarely, such things happen.
Next, the dolphins’ echolocation system is worthy of note - their ability to sense the objects at a great distance is astonishing. The animals send sound signals and listen to the echo reflected from the objects, acoustic waves spreading 4.5 times faster in the water than in the air. Thus, dolphins rely more on the echolocation than on their usual sight or hearing. Their specific hearing is adapted for both air and water and is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind
[4]. In addition, if we compare the dolphin’s and the human being’s cerebral structure, based on the results of the research and experiments of modern scientists, we get to know that it is close to that of a human being. More than that, they have two times more convolutions of the brain than human beings. Furthermore, the new research [6] shows that dolphins have the longest memory yet known in any species other than people. Therefore, they are claimed to have an analytical mental faculty and the ability to understand the human being’s way of thinking.
Referring to dolphins’ social skills it is necessary to point out the facts that they live in big groups (though the number may vary from 5 to 200 depending on the species [3]), sometimes with representatives of several generations. A group of dolphins is called a school or a pod. Male dolphins are called bulls, females – cows and young dolphins are called calves [4]. Unlike
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most other animals, they may have a regular sexual partner– having a mate for life they are considered to be monogamous. And, unlike other animals, they tend to copulate any period of the year. Moreover, dolphins are known to display non-reproductive sexual behavior, and homosexual contact [4]. The researchers witnessed dolphins in the wild commit suicide when their partner either died or was killed. Dolphins are able to communicate with each other, help each other in case of trouble, when hunting, as well as during their migration. Their
‘language’ allows them to warn each other about the impending disaster, ‘describe’ it and even indicate how to avoid it [3]. Jerison in 1986 suggested the idea that the members of the group are able to share echolocation results with each other to create a better understanding of their surroundings [4]. Dolphins’ favourite ‘pastime’ is playing – they are engaged in complex play behavior [4]. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a relatively long period of time [4]. Dolphins are also known for helping human beings, especially swimmers who are attacked by sharks or are about to get drowned.
The means of information perception and communication and the way of life dolphins have add much to their being peculiar as representatives of the fauna. We share Hal Whitehead and Luke Rendell’s point of view – expressed in their book The Cultural Lives of Whales and Dolphins(2015) – that dolphins’ lives are shaped by innate sociality, and we might even speak about their
‘language’ and culture [7].
Apart from that, we all know about their immunity to infections, the uniqueness of their lungs, the ability to direct the flow of blood in the necessary direction, fantastic regeneration, insusceptibility to pain, no bleeding when wounded, just to name a few.
Bearing in mind all the controversy existing as regards the explanation of the behavior of dolphins, we conclude by saying that this combination of peculiar features dolphins have distinguishes them from other mammals (not to mention other animals) and get them a bit closer to humans in their mental faculties.
References
1.Вуд Ф.Г. Морские млекопитающие и человек. – Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1979.
2.Гальперин П.Я. Психология как объективная наука. Избранные психологические труды / под ред. А.И. Подольского. Москва – Воронеж, 1998. С. 399-414.
3.Кусто Ж.-И., Паккале И. Жизнь на краю земли. Л., Гидрометеоиздат, 1984.
4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacean_intelligence
5.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin
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6.https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130806- dolphins-memories-animals-science-longest/
7.https://www.dolphincommunicationproject.org/index.php/2014-10- 21-00-13-26/dolphin-communication
M.A. Borisova, E.A. Aleshugina
Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIM TECHNOLOGY IN
RUSSIA
The turn of the XXth and the XXIst century, which is associated with rapid development of information technologies, was marked by the emergence of a fundamentally new way for architectural and construction design. This approach involves creating a computer model of a new building containing all information about the future object. This model is called Building Information Model (BIM). Despite the fact that this idea was formulated in 1975 by professor of Georgia Institute of Technology Chuck Eastman, mass discussion and implementation of BIM technology in design and construction are taking place exactly today.
What is BIM itself? Nowadays there are a lot of definitions of this term. They coincide in meaning but differ in some nuances. This can be caused firstly by the fact that various specialist reached the conception of information modeling in different ways. To sum up, some people consider BIM a model (product), others regard BIM as a modeling process or treat BIM from the practical implementation point of view.
Analyzing all these definitions, we can formulate one that comprehensively reflects the essence of the concept.
Building Information Model is:
•well-coordinated, coherent and interrelated,
•amenable (capable) to calculations and analysis,
•geometrically linked,
•suitable for computer use,
•allowing the necessary updates numerical information about a projected or an existing object that can be used for:
•admission of specific project decisions,
•creation of high-quality project documentation,
•predicting some operational qualities of the object,
•designing of building plans and estimates,
•ordering and manufacturing of materials and equipment,
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•buildings erection management,
•building management as an object of commercial activity,
•designing and managing the reconstruction or repair of a building
•demolition and disposal of the building,
•other building related purposes [2].
Pic.1. The project of a new building of the highest music school New World Symphony in Miami (USA), created by the architect Frank Gehry, developed by using BIM
technology. The components of the model are shown separately : the outer shell of the building, the bearing frame, the complex of engineering equipment and the internal organization of the premises.
As you have already understood, the term “BIM” can be used for both designating the information model of the building itself and for the information modeling process, and as a rule, no misunderstandings appear.
Due to the introduction of BIM technologies, construction companies receive the following positive effects: shortening the design time by 30-50%, reducing the time for analysis and decision making, rapid economic calculation, high quality of documentation, rapid modification (20% of the standard). BIM technologies provide automation of the receipt of drawings, collaboration, unimpeded data exchange with calculation and graphical modules and much more [3].
Nowadays BIM-technologies are widespread in the US, China, Britain, Finland and Singapore, where they are used for designing projects of the vast majority of buildings. In Russia, there are still not so many companies that are actively implementing these technologies into their arsenal. What is the reason for this and what trend can we observe in the construction industry of Russia?
Today we can note the following problems of the introduction and application of BIM in the building companies of Russia:
1. Organizations posess little interest in the introduction of such technologies. This is based on the fact that at the current stage, most of them are not ready for the transition because of the complete transformation of the
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structure, personnel, the introduction of new technologies in the construction process, as all this points require an initially large investment of funds.
2.The lack of specialists. The root of the problem are higher education institutions, that still provide training, which remains at the level of 2D design.
3.Insufficient correctness of the software operation. Quiet lot of problems arise during models creation process and their export to other software products. It is often easier to do some work in two-dimensional software, rather than wasting time and effort, creating a model and correct mistakes during its transition from one program to another.
4.The expensive software. Today the license price, on average varies from one hundred thousand to one million rubles. This is very perplexing for a lot of organizations, as many of them are simply unable to buy new software. Specialists training is also costly.
Despite these facts, the ways of solving these problems are quite predictable. Russia is already on the BIM way, and, of course, not all companies can be immediately reorganized according to use this system. The first step for each organization is the realization of the fact that this technology will gradually shift the two-dimensional design from the market, and in conditions of normal competition the first organization to take this fact into account will succeed.
In regard to software, we observe active development, elimination of program errors, and the introduction of products. It is necessary to understand that anything new requires a special approach, and the introduction of BIMtechnologies in Russia goes in the right direction. It should be noted that the role of the state in this matter is enormously important. The government's authoritative opinion on this issue with the support of the Ministry of Construction will influence the development of this direction ubiquitously.
Taking into account the words of the former minister of construction and communal services of the Russian Federation Mikhail Men: "We want a step- by-step transition to BIM-technologies to be one of the requirements within the framework of the Single State Customer functioning", we can bravely proclaim that the state is turned to the problem of computer optimization of processes in the construction sector and the topic of ensuring the design of modern programs in particular. National Association of Surveyors and Designers was commissioned to start developing a single standard for the application of BIMtechnologies. In this regard, BIM technologies will soon become an integral part of any objects design, and future specialists need to be ready for this [1]!
References
1. Строительство.ru – Всероссийский отраслевой инернет-журнал. Техника и технологии. Почему Минстрой предпочел BIM-технологии: [Электронный ресурс] – Режим доступа – URL: http://rcmm.ru/tehnika-i- tehnologii/22401-pochemu-minstroy-predpochel-bim-tehnologii.html (дата обращения 18.08.18)
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