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building is designed in the form of a huge ship. The spire of the building is topped with a star which in 1935-1937 was on Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.

Another attraction of Leningradskoye Highway is Petrovsky Palace. Designed by Matvey Kazakov it was built in the 1780s by order of the queen Catherine II (Pic.1). It was a royal residence where it was possible to have a rest from the journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Interestingly, in September 1812 Napoleon resided there and observed the great fire of Moscow. It is said that the fire was so close to the palace that emperor’s hair ends got burnt.

Pic.1 Petrovsky Palace

The Victory Bridge is worth attention. It is a monument of Victory. The construction began during the Great Patriotic War in 1943 in honor of fierce battles of Moscow in 1941.

There is one more landmark that is the monument to the defenders of Moscow (anti-tanks barricades in Khimki). It is in honor of the defense of the capital in 1941. The monument was built in 1966. Despite the simplicity of the design, these hedgehogs were the most effective barriers that stopped the advance of tanks.

In October 1941 tank troops of the 16th Army stopped the enemy. The tank T-34 was in mass production since 1940 and became the symbol of the Great Patriotic War. Thus, the monument to the T-34 Tank on the 41st kilometer of Leningradskoye Highway was set up.

The main memorial complex to the defense of Moscow is “Shtyki”

(Pic.2). It is located at the entrance to Zelenograd. There were mass graves of fighters defending Moscow on the site of the monument. In 1966, the remains of the Unknown Soldier were taken there and reburied at the Kremlin walls. Along the Leningrad Highway, the Germans reached the Church of St. Nicholas in Rzhavka and its bell tower was used to fire. They could not advance further, but it was 3 km from the "Bayonets" and 35 km from the centre of Moscow.

My favorite park is Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo. There are not only ashes, pines, birches, but also cedars and larches. The banks of the ponds are planted with decorative willows. There is an avenue of limes, as well as the spring

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“Swan Princess”, which is considered to be the only source of drinking water in the city.

Pic.2 “Shtyki”

In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize that the importance of history lies in the fact that it helps us to understand the present. The history of our country is an ingrained part of each of us.

T.A. Loshkareva1, N.F. Ugodchikova2

1 School №18 Nizhny Novgorod, 2 Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

HUMAN BODY STRESS RESISTANCE AND STRESS PECULIARITIES

The purpose of this work is to identify the types of stress and show its influence on people. The object of the study is to show the characteristics of stress. The subject of the research is the study of the effect of stress on human body. This research is relevant nowadays, because stressful situations are very common and stress affect our life and work greatly. Our modern life is full of stress. We can face stressful situations everywhere: at work, at home, in the street. In this regard, the terms stress and stress resistance are used very widely.

In a medical or biological context stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes body or mental tension. The translation of the term "stress" is pressure or tension. The term was used in the technical sciences to describe physical impact. In medicine, biology and psychology it was introduced by Hans Selye in 1936. He showed the independence of the process of the human body adaptation from the nature of its impact. Stress is a nonspecific reaction of the organism disturbing its homeostasis (or balance). Stressresistance is an integral quality of personality, characterized by emotional

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stability, low level of anxiety, high level of self-regulation, psychological readiness for stress.

There are qualities of personality that help to cope with stress. The scientists found three factors. They distinguish susceptible to stress people from unaffected: they are responsibility, control and endurance.

The scientists distinguish several types of stress.

Pre-stress condition is anxiety, nervous tension, in a situation when stress factors are acting on a person. During this period, he can take measures to prevent stress.

Eustress is a useful stress. This stress is caused by strong positive emotions. It mobilizes reserves, making it more effective to deal with the problem. This type of stress provides an urgent adaptation of a person to the new conditions.

Distress is a harmful destructive stress, which the body can not cope with. This kind of stress is caused by strong negative emotions, or physical factors (trauma, illness, fatigue). It lasts for a long time. Distress undermines the strength, preventing a person from solving the problem.

The duration of the stress is divided into two types:

Acute stress is a stressful situation. It lasts short time. Most people quickly come back to norm, after a short emotional shake. However, if the shock was severe, then functional disorders are possible.

Chronic stress is the stress factors which affect a person for a long time. This situation is less favorable and dangerous for the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system and chronic diseases.

Stress changes a person's behavior in a certain way. There is a number of common signs: overeating, although sometimes there is a loss of appetite; insomnia is a superficial dream with frequent awakenings; slow motion; irritability, can be manifested by tearfulness, grumbling; avoiding communication; unwillingness to work. The reason lies not in laziness, but in the reduction of motivation, willpower and lack of strength.

There are four main strategies for coping with stress.

1.Raising awareness. In a difficult situation, it is important to reduce the level of stress. It is important to have reliable information. Preliminary adaptation to the situation will eliminate the effect of surprise and will allow to act more effectively.

2.Comprehensive analysis of the situation. Evaluate your strength and resources. Consider the difficulties you will have to face. If possible, prepare for them. Transfer attention from the result to the action.

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3.Reducing the importance of a stressful situation. Emotions make it difficult to consider the situation and find an obvious solution. Imagine how this situation is seen by outsiders. Try to think about this event without emotion. Imagine how you will remember a stressful situation in a month or a year.

4.Strengthening of possible negative consequences. Imagine the worst case scenario. As a rule, people don’t think about it. And this makes it obsessive, and it comes back again. Realize that the probability of a catastrophe is extremely small, but even if it happens, there is a way out.

5.Installation for the best. Constantly remind yourself that everything will be fine. Problems and experiences can not last forever. It is necessary to gather strength and do everything possible to think about a successful outcome.

6.And finally, it is necessary to warn that in the case of long stress, there is a temptation to solve problems irrationally. This approach can lead to new, more complex problems. Therefore, if you can not find a way out yourself, it is advisable to contact a qualified specialist.

In conclusion, it is necessary to state that stress has become a very important problem now that can lead to very harmful consequences and people should try to do their best to eliminate stressful situations and develop their own stress resistance.

A.M. Abramov1, I.C. Smolina1, E.A. Belous2

1 MAOU School №187 of Nizhny Novgorod,

2 Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil

Engineering

Link between besieged Leningrad and Nizhny Novgorod region: What do teenagers know about Tanya Savicheva?

The research work entitled “Link between besieged Leningrad and Nizhny Novgorod region: What do teenagers know about Tanya Savicheva?” is devoted to the study of the girls’ feat.

The aims of the research are to:

-study the link between the name of Tanya Savicheva with the settlement of Shatki of Nizhny Novgorod region;

-find out what was done to preserve the memory of this heroic girl.

.The objectives of the study are to:

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-test the pupils of 3 and 9 classes, asking them to answer the questions about the Great Patriotic War;

-understand if they are interested in the material about Tanya

Savicheva;

-study the literature about Tanya Savicheva;

-examine the materials of the study of local investigators of the Shatkovsky school of Nizhny Novgorod region;

-prepare a photoreport about visiting the grave of T. Savicheva and the memorial complex "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten”.

The hypothesis of the study is the following: if schoolchildren are told important historical facts, the pupils will generate a strong interest in studying not only the history of their region, but also the country as a whole, thus, an understanding of such concepts as patriotism and love for the motherland will be shaped.

At the first stage, I asked pupils to answer the questions related to the Great Patriotic War. The study involved 47 pupils from the 3rd and 14 students from the 9th grades. The conducted research has shown that the material is of interest to different age groups of students, especially the material relating to preserving the memory of Tanya in our city and region. The results of the research are represented in the bar graphs (Pic.1).

One of the most terrible events in the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was the blockade of Leningrad. It lasted 871 days. At the time of the blockade, more than 1 million 200 people died of starvation. This is the longest and most terrible siege of the city in the history of mankind.

Pic.1 Results of the Research

In October 1941 workers received 400 grams of bread, children - 200 grams each. The rate was lowered, workers began to receive 250 grams each, children - 125 grams each. Only in December, the norm was restored, as the

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products began to be transported by the frozen Ladoga Lake. This road was called “The road of life.”

Tanya Savicheva (1930-1944) is a Leningrad schoolgirl who, from the very beginning of the blockade of Leningrad, began to write the most terrible diary. There are 9 pages, 6 of which show the death dates of her close relatives - sister, grandmother, two uncles and mother (Pic.2). Only her elder sister Nina and her brother Mikhail survived the blockade, thanks to whom Tanya’s diary was kept and became one of the symbols of the Great Patriotic War. In August 1942 Tanya was evacuated together with the children’s community №48 to the village of Shatki, Gorky region. Unfortunately, Tanya could not be saved. She died on 1st of June, 1944.

Pic.2 Tanya Savicheva and her diary

Our city honors the memory of the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. In December 2006, a memorial plaque was installed on the wall of the

Chkalov’s Palace of Pioneers, which reads, "Here in 1943-45 the children found shelter from the besieged Leningrad. During the war years, Gorky Region received 5,500 Leningrad children. Among them was Tanya Savicheva, whose diary became a document exposing fascism at the Nuremberg Trial"(Pic.3).

A photo of Tanya's diary was printed in the magazine "Ogonyok" in 1964 and the children, whose school was located in the building of the residential care home, decided to find out what became of Tanya. They searched attics and cellars and found a book for the registration of disabled children, then they found the nurse of Shatkov hospital, Anna Mikhailovna Zhurkina. She told them that only she and the groom knew where Tanya was buried. Children sought her grave, and in 1972 in Shatki the monument was inaugurated. The author of the project is a 10th form student Dmitry Kurtashkin from the village of Staroy Ivantsev Shatkovsky district. This monument is located a few steps from Tany’s

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grave. Tombstone plates with a bronze bas-relief were set 10 years later. And next to it, there is the memorial complex "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten".

In the course of the work, I learned highly interesting facts, which were connected by the invisible threads with the blockade of Leningrad and our Nizhny Novgorod region. I think that if we learn and share the little-known historical facts of our native land, it will arouse interest in the history of the country as a whole. As a result, the historical memory will remain vivid to new generations.

Pic.3 Memorial plaque

In conclusion, I would like to recommend everyone to go to the village of Shatki and see the monument and visit the memorial complex "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten". You will thus get unforgettable impressions!

Tanya’s name has become eternal. In the spring of 1980, the international planetary center approved the names of new planets discovered by Soviet astronomers. One of them is named in honor of Tanya.

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E.M.Blydova1, V.M. Blydova2, E.A. Aleshugina2

1School 14 Balakhna N. Novgorod region,

2Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

PECULIARITIES OF APPLICATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS TO RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NNGASU)

The article considers the opportunities for international students to get high education in Russian Universities. Alumni and curricula, scientific degrees, receiving universities and their facilities as well as entrance fees, extra-study opportunities, countries presented and employment chances in Russia for international students are under analysis. To get the true picture the feedback taken from real people is also provided in the research.

To be exact, the research is devoted to high education in Russia and foreign students who arrived in this country to get high professional education.

The current interest in the problem lies in the fact that Russian high education can be proud of rich history which dates back to the XVIII century when St. Petersburg State University and a bit later Moscow State University emerged. However, Russian education has deep roots and dates back to medieval times when scholars got education in monasteries and church schools. Today about 250 thousand foreign students from 150 countries study in Russia in 750 educational institutions.

Modern Russian high education provides qualifications widely accepted at international levels and it is famous for its high academic standards in a wide range of scientific fields. Academic standards vary in different parts of the country. In 2008 Russia signed the Bologna Declaration according to which to receive degree of the Bachelor, students have to study 4 years, the Period of training of the certified specialist makes 5-6 years depending on the chosen professional area, after the Bachelor degree it is possible to receive degree of the Master which takes 2 years more. In this respect the aim of the research is to:

•get acquainted with high education and Russian universities which provide programs for international students;

•trace history and development of the oldest universities of Russia;

•reveal the reasons and study the factors that make Russian high education attractive to foreign students;

•make a research on the countries represented by foreign students and compare the received data;

•research the conditions of living and post graduate opportunities for foreign students in the country.

To achieve this aim we can apply to books, articles and Internet resources to get information on the problem.

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The object of the research is high education in Russia and its possibilities for foreign students. The subject of our exploration lies in the factors that make the country attractive for foreign students.

At present there is a growing interest all over the world in Russia as the potential country to get high professional education, the country is very attractive s for foreign students. Students have to pay from 1500 to 2000 dollars a year depending on the university and faculty choice.

Presently the Russian government shows a great interest to involvement of highly qualified specialists from other countries to work in Russia. Besides, there is a national program which is intended to help foreign students to remain with the country and to get a job after a ceremony of delivery of diplomas.

High education in Russia has always provided high academic standards. Students can choose from a great number of scientific fields to study and get specializations in. The country counts more than 100 000 universities the majority of which offer special programs for international students. Among them are the oldest and the most reputable universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tomsk. This chapter considers Russian universities from historical and modern point of view, describes the universities which accept international students and gives information about the oldest and the most famous Russian universities.

International students arrive in Russia from many countries of the world. Especially the majority of them come from former USSR republics, Africa and Asia.

High education in Russia provides qualifications widely accepted at international levels and it is famous for its high academic standards in a wide range of scientific fields.

The research has revealed that there are a lot of opportunities for international students to be accepted to study in Russian universities as the majority of high schools accept students from abroad to get various specialties.

Moreover, the analysis has shown that the number of countries whose young people study in Russian universities, including N. Novgorod universities is great. Students come here from all over the world in search of prestigious and demanded high education which gives them a “green light” in their future professional career. The possibilities to carry out research work also contribute to the choice of international students to arrive in Russia to get high professional education and then to obtain a scientific degree.

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Pic.1

Ancient traditions in education create a positive environment to attract foreign students to come to study to Russian universities. Russia has always been a leader in the education field, especially medicine, engineering and other sectors. Foreigners find that studying in Russia is value for money, simple and flexible. You will find that this is also the only way most people can afford to immerse themselves in the Russian culture.

Besides, it can be concluded that there are a lot of extra-curricular opportunities for foreign students. They can be involved in various activities the detailed analysis of which is provided in the second chapter of the paper. Such activities allow not only broadening the scope, self-development and making new friends but also prevent international students from feeling homesick and lonely in a foreign country with a different cultural environment.

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