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3.What was the profession of interior design a consequence of?

4.What is the profession of interior design separate and distinct from?

5.Who used to work as interior designers in India?

6.What is it possible to discern details about the interior design of different residence from in ancient Egypt?

7.Whose concern was it throughout the 17th and 18th century, and into the early 19th Century?

Vocabulary notes:

1.Designing the interior – проектирование интерьера

2.Exterior – внешний, наружный вид

3.A multifaceted profession – разносторонняя профессия

4.Stakeholders of a project – круг заинтересованных в проекте лиц

5.Execution of the design – выполнение проекта

6.Manipulation of spatial volume - манипуляции с пространственным объемом

7.Surface treatment – обработка поверхности

8.Pursuit of effective use – осуществление эффективного использования

9.Contemporary interior design - современный дизайн интерьера

10.Interior Decorator – художник по интерьеру, декоратор

11.To discern details – распознавать детали

12.Portico – портик, галерея

13.Loggia – крытая галерея, аркада

14.Upholsterer – обойщик, драпировщик

DECORATIVE ARTS

Get started

Look at the key words and the title of the text. Can you guess what it is about? Discuss your ideas with your group mates and be ready to express your points of view.

Key words

Fine arts

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namely, painting,drawing, photography, and large-scale sculpture, which generally have no function other than to be seen.

Decorative" and "Fine" arts

The distinction between the decorative and the fine arts has essentially arisen from the post-Renaissance art of the West, where the distinction is for the most part meaningful. This distinction is much less meaningful when considering the art of other cultures and periods, where the most highly regarded works – or even all works – include those in decorative media. For example, Islamic art in many periods and places consists entirely of the decorative arts, as does the art of many traditional cultures. The distinction between decorative and fine arts is not very useful for appreciating Chinese art, and neither is it for understanding Early Medieval art in Europe. In that period in Europe, fine arts such as manuscript illumination and monumental sculpture existed, but the most prestigious works tended to be in goldsmith work, in cast metals such as bronze, or in other techniques such as ivory carving. Large-scale wall-paintings were much less regarded, crudely executed, and rarely mentioned in contemporary sources. They were probably seen as an inferior substitute for mosaic, which for this period must be viewed as a fine art, though in recent centuries mosaics have tended to be seen as decorative. The term "ars sacra" ("sacred arts") is sometimes used for medieval Christian art done in metal, ivory, textiles, and other high-value materials but not for rarer secular works from that period.

Answer the following questions:

1.What are the decorative arts concerned with?

2.Why are the decorative arts often categorized in opposition to the "fine arts"?

3.Where did the distinction between the decorative and the fine arts come from?

4.What does the term "ars sacra" ("sacred arts") mean?

Influence of different materials

Modern understanding of the art of many cultures tends to be distorted by the modern privileging of fine art media over others, as well as the very different survival rates of works in different media. Works in metal, above all in precious metals, are liable to be

"recycled" as soon as they fall from fashion, and were often used by owners as repositories

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of wealth, to be melted down when extra money was needed. Illuminated manuscripts have a much higher survival rate, especially in the hands of the church, as there was little value in the materials and they were easy to store.

Why are works in metal liable to be "recycled"? How were they used?

Arts and Crafts Movement

The lower status given to works of decorative art in contrast to fine art narrowed with the rise of the Arts and Crafts Movement. This aesthetic movement of the second half of the 19th century was born in England and inspired by William Morris and John Ruskin. The movement represented the beginning of a greater appreciation of the decorative arts throughout Europe. The appeal of the Arts and Crafts Movement to a new generation led, in 1882, to the English architect and designer Arthur H. Mackmurdo organizing the Century Guild for craftsmen, which championed the idea that there was no meaningful difference between the fine and decorative arts. Many converts, both from professional artists’ ranks and from among the intellectual class as a whole, helped spread the ideas of the movement.

The influence of the Arts and Crafts Movement led to the decorative arts being given a greater appreciation and status in society and this was soon reflected by changes in the law. Until the enactment of the Copyright Act 1911 only works of fine art had been protected from unauthorised copying. The 1911 Act extended the definition of an "artistic work" to include works of "artistic craftsmanship"

Some decorative arts:

1.Ceramic art (that is Pottery)

2.Glassware, including some stained glass and studio glass

3.Furniture

4.Hardstone carving, including pietra dura work and engraved gems

5.Metalwork, especially by goldsmiths and whitesmiths

6.Jewelry

7.Ivory carving and bone carving

8.Textile arts

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9. Woodwork, especially wood carving

10.Some mosaics, and all micromosaics

11.Wallpaper

12.Fretwork

13.Fold-forming

Answer the following questions:

1.When and where was the Arts and Crafts Movement born?

2.What did the movement represent?

3.What was organized as a result of the appeal of the Arts and Crafts Movement?

4.What did the influence of Arts and Crafts Movement lead to?

5.Name some of the decorative arts.

Vocabulary notes:

1.Fine arts – изобразительное искусство

2.Meaningful – выразительный, многозначительный

3.Highly regarded works – высоко оцениваемые работы

4.Medieval art – средневековое искусство

5.Goldsmith work – ювелирные работы

6.Ivory carving – резьба по слоновой кости

7.Crudely executed – грубо выполненный

8.Inferior substitute – худший по качеству заменитель

9.Sacred arts – сакральное искусство

10.Fine art media – средства изобразительного искусства

11.Precious metals – благородные, драгоценные металлы

12.Recycled – повторно используемый

13.Repositories of wealth – хранилища богатств

14.Arts and Crafts - прикладное искусство, народное творчество

15.To champion the idea – бороться за идею

16.To convert – преобразовывать

17.Enactment of the Copyright Act – принятие закона об авторском праве

18.Glassware – изделия из стекла

19.Stained glass – цветное стекло, витражное стекло

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20.Hardstone carving – резьба по самоцвету

21.Pietra dura – техника «пьетра дура»

22.Engraved gems – выгравированные драгоценные камни

23.Whitesmiths – жестянщик, лудильщик

24.Fretwork – узор, выпиленный лобзиком

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN?

Get started

Look at the key words and the title of the text. Can you guess what it is about? Discuss your ideas with your group mates and be ready to express your points of view.

Key words:

Environmental design

Ecodesign

Sustainability concerns

Synergy

Glass panes

Sunlight penetration

To cut climate control cost

Louvered windows

Pebble beds

Irrigation

Outdoor lighting

Solar panel

Sustainably designed buildings

Zero-emissions state

Demolishing and leveling a building site

Read the text and see if you were right or wrong:

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What is Environmental Design?

Environmental design is often confused with ecodesign, also known as green design, but the two are not the same. Ecodesign is one aspect of this discipline, and addresses sustainability concerns, but environmental design is a much broader field that involves taking the surrounding environment into account when planning a design. When successful, it is a synergy between a building, landscape, or even a product and its surroundings, to the benefit of both.

Although the movement itself first came to light in the 1940s, environmental design is nothing new. Ancient Greeks built houses facing south, which kept them cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter due to the seasonal orientation of the sun. The Romans continued this practice, and began putting glass panes in windows to allow light in without allowing heat to escape, which evolved into the creation of greenhouses to cultivate exotic plants from much warmer climates. Various cultures around this time also created solar panels from curved sheets of metal that could capture the heat of the sun and turn it into usable heat for cooking, bathing, and home comfort.

Modern environmental design still uses many concepts passed down from the ancients, and new technology and ideas continuously evolve. Various energy crises over the years have led architects and city planners to plan buildings around the relative location of the sun and other natural formations like trees, mountains, and bodies of water in attempts to increase energy efficiency. Windows are oriented to allow maximum sunlight penetration in winter and minimum in summer to cut climate control costs. Large buildings in warm climates are built with stone floors to assist in cooling, and often have louvered windows that allow light to penetrate indirectly, keeping the heat outside.

This discipline applies to outdoor design as well. Responsible landscape designers will only use plants native to the region to avoid the invasion of foreign species, and desert gardens are likely to be xeriscaped, using cactus in rock and pebble beds to eliminate the need for irrigation. Thorny hedges under windows deter break-ins, and large shade trees outside large windows reduce energy needs. Outdoor lighting can easily contain a small solar panel that will collect enough energy during daylight hours to power it all night long without the use of electricity.

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The United States Green Building Council began the Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design (LEED®) certification system in 1998 to recognize sustainably designed buildings. These buildings often incorporate solar energy, wind energy, and even geothermal energy to create a zero-emissions state, with the building itself producing all of the energy it needs to run. The most efficient of these actually produce more energy than they need, which they then sell to electric companies for use by consumers.

At its root, environmental design is not necessarily about new technology, although recent advances have furthered the field considerably. It is about using what is already there, instead of demolishing and leveling a building site, for example. Working with the imperfections and unique aspects of each individual site ultimately makes the end product operate more smoothly, at a lower cost.

1.Answer the following questions:

1.What is the difference between environmental design and ecodesign?

2.When did the movement come to light?

3.Why did Ancient Greeks build houses facing south?

4.Why did Romans begin putting glass panes in windows?

5.How did the original solar panels look like?

6.Give the examples of some concepts that can be used to increase energy efficiency?

7.Why will responsible landscape designers only use plants native to the region?

8.Why can outdoor lighting contain a small solar panel?

9.What are the main characteristics of the sustainably designed buildings?

2.Project Work. Choose any Project, Course or Research Work you have already done on your speciality, prepare a presentation on it and deliver your presentation in the class.

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Vocabulary notes:

1.Environmental design – дизайн среды

2.Ecodesign – экодизайн

3.Sustainability concerns – проблемы устойчивого развитии

4.Synergy- совместная деятельность, взаимодействие

5.Glass panes – оконные стекла

6.Sunlight penetration - проникновение солнечного света

7.Louvered windows – жалюзийные окна

8.Pebble bed – галечник, крупнозернистый гравий

9.Deter break-ins – препятствовать нелегальному вторжению в здание

10.Zero-emissions - безотходный

11.Demolishing and leveling a building site – разрушение и выравнивание места

для постройки здания.

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Module 5

Painting Techniques

Watercolour (Egon Schiele,

Two Little Girls)

Match each painting technique to the correct description.

1 ___________________A painting medium in which pigment, the

powder that makes up the colour of a paint, is mixed with a water-soluble viscous material such as egg yolk.

2__________________A painting made on a wall, using pigments mixed with water and applied while the plaster is still wet.

3________ ______A type of paint made with natural oils, such as

linseed or walnut, as the medium for binding the pigment. Water, rather than another type of solvent, is used to dilute it, offering a good alternative to people allergic to chemical solvents.

4 ______________A type of paint made from pigments mixed

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