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3. Group work. Look at the picture and think what you can speculate about the man depicted in the picture. Individually write down everything that you associate with this man. Then, share your ideas with your group.

The following questions can be helpful:

1.When did this man live?

2.Where did he live?

3.What did he do? What was he famous for?

4.Group work. Report your ideas to the class in order to put them on the board.

5.Structure the received information in the form of the “cluster” ( графическая организация материала, показывающая смысловые поля того или иного понятия):

6.Group work. Prepare a presentation about this man and deliver the presentation to the class. Get ready to discuss different points of view answering questions and persisting in your own opinion.

Realization (Осмысление)

Reading

7.Agree (+) or disagree (-) with the following statements about the man or put (?) if you are not sure:

1.Frank Lloyd Wright showed his countrymen new ways to teach students.

2.He was born in 1767 in Manchester.

3.He created the world’s most outstanding landscapes.

4.Frank Lloyd Wright a well-educated person.

5.He founded his own practice in Chicago.

6.He impressed architects and the general public alike, because he created one of the most extraordinary houses in America.

7.Frank Lloyd Wright always strove to create an inviting atmosphere in the new interiors.

8.He created a natural style in architecture.

8.Read the text and correct agree (+) or disagree (-) statements.

9.Read the text once again and make marginal marks (пометки на полях):

√ - I knew it;

+ - New information;

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- - The information contradicts my knowledge;

? — The information isn’t enough or understandable.

1.Get ready to answer the following questions after reading the text:

9.What did you know about architecture before reading the text?

10.What information did you find new reading the text?

11.What information contradicts your knowledge?

12.What information isn’t enough or understandable for you?

The life and work of Frank Lloyd Wright

For more than 70 years Frank Lloyd Wright showed his countrymen new ways to build their homes and see the world around them. He created some of the most monumental, and some of the most intimate spaces in America. He designed everything: banks and resorts, office buildings and churches, a filling station and a synagogue, a beer garden and an art museum.

The American architect and designer Frank Lloyd Wright was born in 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. From 1885 until 1887, he studied mechanical engineering at the University of Wisconsin but dropped out after four semesters. After that he worked in the architectural practice of Joseph Lyman Silsbee. Frank Lloyd Wright soon transferred to the architectural practice of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, the most renowned and progressive architects of their day. Frank Lloyd Wright was responsible for commissions for private houses until 1893, when he founded a practice of his own in Chicago.

By 1909 he had built some fifty private houses, mainly in Chicago and environs, in the “Prairie Style”. The earliest of them showca sed materials such as fieldstone, brick, and wood. The building materials were left as far as possible in their natural state. For this reason these houses fitted harmoniously into their surroundings and were also extremely comfortable, spacious. Long and low-slung, “Robie House” (1906) is regarded as the most mature example of the “Prairie House”; it is built of brick, concrete, steel, and glass. Frank Lloyd Wright also designed the interiors of his houses.

Even when designing office buildings and public buildings, Frank Lloyd Wright always strove to create an inviting atmosphere in the new interiors: “the space within that building is the reality of that building.” Bet ween 1903 and 1905, Frank Lloyd Wright designed the Larkin Building in Buffalo, with open mezzanines and a lofty interior flooded with light.

In 1922 Frank Lloyd Wright opened a practice in Los Angeles but by the late 1920s he went to Spring Green. There he founded a guild, where he worked on the utopian housing project “Broad Acre City» with his students. At that time Edgar J. Kaufmann, Lloyd Wright’s student commissioned his teacher to build a house for him (1935), “Falling Water”, in Pennsylvania.

This extraordinary house hangs over a waterfall using the architectural device known as the cantilever. Wright described his architectural

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style as “organic”—in harmony with nature. The cou ntry house exhibits typical features of Wright’s natural style. The materials of the structure blend in with the colorings of rocks and trees, while bright wildflowers or birds outside provide occasional accents.

“Falling Water” epitomizes the man living in harmon y with nature. The residence focuses on the connection between men, architecture, and nature. It is designed to feel the breath of nature.

The house impressed architects and the general public alike, because it didn’t seem to stand on solid ground, but rather floated over a 30-foot waterfall. It was the first time when the concept of designing and building structures promoted harmony between the natural world and human habitats.

During the last part of his life, Wright produced a wide range of work. Particularly important was Taliesin West, a winter retreat and studio he built in Arizona. He died at Taliesin West in 1959.

1. Individual work. Read the text again and fill in the “marginal chart”:

Reflection (Размышление)

Listening & Speaking

1.Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to use them in your own text entitled “ Frank Lloyd Wright’s life”. Share your ideas with the partner:

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1.Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to use them in your own text entitled “ Frank Lloyd Wright’s work ”. Share your ideas with the partner:

1.Prepare a presentation about architecture according to the text and deliver your presentation to the class. Get ready to discuss it answering questions and persisting in your own opinion. (See appendix 2.)

15.Group work. Reflect on your own professional speech.

16.Group work. Reflect on the professional speech of other groups. Get ready to discuss different points of view persisting in your own opinion.

17.Write a reflection entitled “ Frank Lloyd Wright, life and work”

Unit 10

Unit

The Pyramids of EGYPT

Warming up (Разминка)

1.Group work. Reflect on the following proverb, interpret it and share your ideas with the class. Get ready to discuss different points of view answering questions and persisting in your own opinion. The following lexis can be helpful:

“Experience is the best teacher”.

Evocation (Вызов) Useful terms and phrases

1. Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:

Vocabulary Focus

2. Match the words and phrases to their translation: a)

Writing & Speaking

3. Group work. Look at the picture and think what you can speculate about the structures depicted in the picture. Individually write down everything that you associate with these structures. Then, share your ideas with your group.

The following questions can be helpful:

2.What structures are depicted in the picture?

3.When and where did they emerge? Why were they constructed?

4.Can you describe them? What was a special feature of these structures?

5.What were they designed for?

4.Group work. Report your ideas to the class in order to put them on the board.

5.Structure the received information in the form of the “cluster” ( графическая организация материала, показывающая смысловые поля того или иного понятия):

6.Read the text once again and make marginal marks (пометки на полях):

√ - I knew it;

+ - New information;

- - The information contradicts my knowledge;

? - The information isn’t enough or understandable.

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6. Get ready to answer the following questions after reading the text:

13.What did you know about pyramids before reading the text?

14.What information did you find new reading the text?

15.What information contradicts your knowledge?

16.What information isn’t enough or understandable for you?

The pyramids of Egypt

The pyramids are some of the most magnificent man-made structures in history. They were built during the time when Egypt was one of the richest and most powerful civilizations in the world. The massive scale of Pyramids reflects the unique role that the pharaoh played in ancient Egyptian society.

The Pyramids of Egypt, built at Giza (circa 2680-c. 2544 BC) are the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the World and the only ones which remain intact today.

The Great Pyramid of Khufu (circa 2600 BC) was the greatest of the Egyptian pyramids, which served as a burial place of the pharaohs, particularly during the Old Kingdom. The great pyramids of Giza were built around 2700-2500 BC as tombs for the pharaohs (rulers of ancient Egypt, who held the status of gods on earth). They were constructed of around 2.3 million stones and each of the stones weighed from 2 to 30 tons.

The pyramids of Egypt have survived in a form that resembles their original condition. The largest of the three, known as the Great Pyramid of Khufu, was made up of approximately 2.3 million blocks of stone. Each of the blocks weighed 2.5 tons on average. The granite slab that is the roof of Khufu's burial chamber weighed 50 tons. Located in Giza on the west bank of the Nile River, near Cairo, the pyramids remain one of the engineering marvels of all time.

These monumental pyramids are precisely oriented to the four cardinal points, that is, North, South, East and West. The Great Pyramids of Giza still have a strong impact on humanity. The impact is best reflected in this ancient, but popular Arab proverb: "Man fears time, but time fears the pyramids."

The Structure

The Great Pyramid was 145.75 meters (481 ft) high when it was built. Over the years, it lost 10 m (30 ft) off its top. It ranked as the tallest structure on Earth for more than 43 centuries. It is made of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, and each block weighs 2 1/2 tons.

Until the 19th century it was the tallest building in the world. It is the only one of the famous "Seven Wonders of the World" that still stands. It is the Great Pyramid of Khufu, at Giza, Egypt. It was covered with a casing of stones to smooth its surface. The sloping angle of its sides is 51 degrees and 51 minutes. The pyramid's smooth, angled sides symbolized the rays of the sun and were designed to help the king's soul ascend to heaven and join the gods, particularly the sun god Ra.

Each side is carefully oriented to the cardinal points. The horizontal cross section of the pyramid is square at any level, with each side measuring 229 m (751 ft) in

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length. It is unbelievable but the maximum error between side lengths is less than 0.1%.

Reading & Writing

7. Individual work. Read the text again and fill in the “marginal chart”:

Reflection (Размышление)

8. Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to use them in your own text entitled “My concept of Egypt ian pyramids”. Share your ideas with the partner. (See appendix 1):

a)

9. Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to use them in your own text entitled “The structure of Eg yptian pyramids”. Share your ideas with the partner.