1973

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- •„Š••€ŽšŽ•†— •‰ŠŸ•¤Œ ‚•„‹•š …†‡•‹•…†† † ‚•‡œƒ•„Ž•ƒ„•••‡•ˆ††.

Ÿ‚ƒˆ´•©‰¥ ƒ•´ˆŽ¦ •‹•–Š‹ƒš‡—‡Ž‹œ Žšƒ•„•” •Ž ‡Š‚™†•••¤Œ † ‹Š”†•Ž„‹‚†Œ ˜Ž•—ƒ†—Œ •• ‚•„‹• ‚•‡œƒ•„•‡•ˆ†† š ‘†’Šˆ•„•€‹‚•” †•‹ƒ†ƒ•ƒŠ ”Š•Š€’”Š•ƒŽ † Ÿ†˜•Š‹Ž. -Ž˜‡†‰•¤Š Ž‹•Š‚ƒ¤ •„•Ÿ‡Š”Žƒ†‚† €†‹‹Š„ƒŽ™†† Ÿ¤‡† ••‡•’Š•¤ š •‹••š• Žšƒ•„‹‚•ˆ• ‹•Š™‚•„‹Ž ©‚•••”†‰Š‹‚•“ ‚•‡œƒ•„•‡•ˆ††, Ž ƒŽ‚’Š €•‚‡Ž€•š, •„•‰†ƒŽ••¤Œ •Ž •Ž•‰•¤Œ ‚••…Š„Š•™†—Œ:

-¡®•ˆŽƒ‹ƒš• š ˜Ž•Ž€••” † „•‹‹‚•” •Ž™†••Ž‡œ••” ‹•˜•Ž•††¢ (‘Ž•‰••- •„Ž‚ƒ†‰Š‹‚Ž— ‚••…Š„Š•™†— ‹ƒ•€Š•ƒ•š † •„Š••€ŽšŽƒŠ‡Š“ ‘§ °£-¦½². ³ 21 ”Ž„ƒŽ 2002 ˆ•€Ž, ˆ. ‘.‘•šˆ•„•€);

-¡²‚•••”†‰Š‹‚Ž— ©ƒ†‚Ž ‚Ž‚ ‹•™†•‚•‡œƒ•„•Ž— •„•Ÿ‡Š”Ž ‹•š„Š”Š•••‹ƒ†¢ (·Š’š•˜•š‹‚Ž— •Ž•‰•Ž— ‚••…Š„Š•™†— ¡§†‡•‹•…‹‚•-Ž•ƒ„•••‡•ˆ†‰Š‹‚Ž— Ž•Ž‡†ƒ†‚Ž Ÿ¤ƒ†— ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž š ˆ‡•ŸŽ‡œ••” ”†„Š¢. ³ 7-9 •‚ƒ—Ÿ„— 2003 ˆ•€Ž, ˆ. ¦‡Ž€†”†„);

-¡´ŽƒŠˆ•„†— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž † €•Œ•š••Š •„•‹ƒ„Ž•‹ƒš• ‹•š„Š”Š•••“ ‡†‰••‹ƒ†¢ (·Š’€••Ž„•€•Ž— •Ž•‰••-”Šƒ•€†‰Š‹‚Ž— ‚••…Š„Š•™†— •„Š••€ŽšŽƒŠ‡Š“, š•˜•š, •‰Š•¤Œ † ‹•Š™†Ž‡†‹ƒ•š ¡¦¤‹•‚†Š ƒŠŒ••‡•ˆ†† š •Š€Žˆ•ˆ†‰Š‹‚•” •„•™Š‹‹Š¢ ³ 25-26 ”Ž„ƒŽ 2004 ˆ•€Ž, ˆ. ‘.‘•šˆ•„•€);

-¡›Šƒ† † €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ‚Ž‚ •„•Ÿ‡Š”Ž š•‹•†ƒŽ•†— š ƒ„Ž•‹…•„”†„•¬–Š”‹— •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŠ¢ (¨„Šƒœ— ”Š’€••Ž„•€•Ž— •Ž•‰••-•„Ž‚ƒ†‰Š‹‚Ž— ‚••…Š„Š•™†— ¡°•”Ž•†˜” † €•Œ•š••‹ƒœ š •Ÿ„Ž˜•šŽ•††¢ ³ 12-14 ”Ž— 2004 ˆ•€Ž, ˆ. ‘.‘•šˆ•„•€);

-¡ž•™†Ž‡œ••-…†‡•‹•…‹‚†“ Ž‹•Š‚ƒ Ž„ŒŠƒ†•†‰••‹ƒ† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž¢ (¥’Šˆ•€•Ž— ‚••…Š„Š•™†—-‹Š”†•Ž„ ”•‡•€¤Œ •‰Š•¤Œ ¡‘Ž•‚† • ‚•‡œƒ•„Š ³ «Žˆ š XXI šŠ‚¢ ³ 2-3 €Š‚ŽŸ„— 2004 ˆ•€Ž, ˆ. ·•‹‚šŽ.);

-¡-•‹‹‚Ž— €•Œ•š••‹ƒœ † ‚Ž‰Š‹ƒš• ’†˜•†¢ (-•‹‹†“‹‚Ž— •Ž•‰••-•„Ž‚ƒ†‰Š‹‚Ž— ‚••…Š„Š•™†— ¡žƒ„ŽƒŠˆ†‰Š‹‚†Š •„•Ÿ‡Š”¤ š¤‹«Šˆ• •Ÿ„Ž˜•šŽ•†— † †•••šŽ™†••••ˆ• „Ž˜š†ƒ†— -•‹‹††¢ ³ 3-4 ••—Ÿ„— 2005 ˆ•€Ž, ˆ. ‘.‘•šˆ•„•€).

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-Ž˜‡†‰•¤Š •„•Ÿ‡Š”¤ €†‹‹Š„ƒŽ™†† •ƒ„Ž’Š•¤ š 19 ••Ÿ‡†‚Ž™†—Œ, •Ÿ–†” •Ÿ¼Š”•” 5,85 •.‡., €šŠ †˜ •†Œ šŒ•€—ƒ š •Š„Š‰Š•œ „Š™Š•˜†„•Š”¤Œ •Ž•‰•¤Œ ’•„•Ž‡•š † †˜€Ž•†“, š¤••‹‚ŽŠ”¤Œ š -§, „Š‚•”Š•€•šŽ••¤Š ¦ ´. ›†‹‹Š„ƒŽ™†— Ÿ¤‡Ž •Ÿ‹•’€Š•Ž •Ž ‚Ž…Š€„Š ‚•‡œƒ•„•‡•ˆ†† ‘°¸£ † „Š‚•”Š•€•šŽ•Ž ‚ ˜Ž–†ƒŠ •• ‹•Š™†Ž‡œ••‹ƒ† 24.00.01 ³ ƒŠ•„†— † †‹ƒ•„†— ‚•‡œƒ•„¤.

•Žƒ†‡Ž†ƒ• ‰ Šˆ‘Œƒ-••‰Œ ƒ•´ˆŽ¦

›†‹‹Š„ƒŽ™†••••Š †‹‹‡Š€•šŽ•†Š ‹•‹ƒ•†ƒ †˜ ššŠ€Š•†—, ƒ„ŠŒ ˆ‡Žš, ˜Ž‚‡¬‰Š•†—, Ÿ†Ÿ‡†•ˆ„Ž…†‰Š‹‚•ˆ• ‹•†‹‚Ž †‹••‡œ˜•šŽ•••“ ‡†ƒŠ„Žƒ•„¤ † •„†‡•’Š•†—. ªŸ–†“ •Ÿ¼Š” „ŽŸ•ƒ¤ ‹•‹ƒŽš‡—Šƒ 182 ‹ƒ„Ž•†™¤ ”Ž«†•••†‹••ˆ• ƒŠ‚‹ƒŽ. ž•†‹•‚ ‡†ƒŠ„Žƒ•„¤ š‚‡¬‰ŽŠƒ 228 •Ž†”Š••šŽ•†“.

¦• „„Œ‘Œ•‰‰ „Ž‹‚„¤šŽŠƒ‹— Ž‚ƒ•Ž‡œ••‹ƒœ, ‹•‹ƒ•—•†Š „Ž˜„ŽŸ•ƒŽ•••‹ƒ†, ™Š‡† † ˜Ž€Ž‰† •„Š€•„†•—ƒ•ˆ• †‹‹‡Š€•šŽ•†—, Šˆ• ƒŠ•„Šƒ†‰Š‹‚Ž— † ”Šƒ•€•‡•ˆ†‰Š‹‚Ž— ŸŽ˜Ž, •Ž•‰•Ž— ••š†˜•Ž, ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„†˜•¬ƒ‹— ••‡•’Š•†—, š¤••‹†”¤Š •Ž ˜Ž–†ƒ•, ƒŠ•„Šƒ†‰Š‹‚Ž— † •„Ž‚ƒ†‰Š‹‚Ž— ˜•Ž‰†”•‹ƒœ „ŽŸ•ƒ¤.

¦ ‚Œƒ„ˆ« ®••„Œ °¡ˆŠŽ•Žˆ‡ ‡•‡ „‰‘ Šˆ©‰ˆ‡†•’Ž†ƒ•ˆ« •‘Œ‡„•Ž•ˆŠŽ‰³

„Ž‹‹”Žƒ„†šŽŠƒ‹— Šˆ• š‡†—•†Š •Ž „Ž˜š†ƒ†Š ‹•š„Š”Š•••ˆ• •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŽ, ••„”, ™Š•••‹ƒŠ“ † •Ÿ„Ž˜™•š ••šŠ€Š•†—, ‰ƒ• •Ÿ•‹‡Žš‡†šŽŠƒ •„†•Ž€‡Š’••‹ƒœ ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž ‚ …Š••”Š•• ‚•‡œƒ•„¤.

›•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ •ƒ••‹†ƒ‹— ‚ ‰†‹‡• ‹‡•’•¤Œ —š‡Š•†“, ƒŽ‚ ‚Ž‚ ˜Žƒ„Žˆ†šŽŠƒ •Š ƒ•‡œ‚• ‹…Š„• ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ•¤Œ •ƒ••«Š•†“, •• † ‹…Š„• ‹•˜•Ž•†—. ¦¤€Š‡—¬ƒ‹— ˆ‡Žš•¤Š ‹•–Š‹ƒšŠ••¤Š ‹š•“‹ƒšŽ €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž: €•‚ƒ„‚…†‡ˆ…‰ (ƒ• Š‹ƒœ •Ž‡†‰†Š ••„Š€Š‡Š•••ˆ• •ŽŸ•„Ž •„Š€”Šƒ•š ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ••“ €Š“‹ƒš†ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒ†,

•ƒ‹•ƒ‹ƒš†Š ƒŽ‚•š¤Œ •˜•Ž‰ŽŠƒ •Š€•‹ƒŽƒ•‚), ˆŠ‡‹ˆ…Š‡ ˆŒ•‚ˆ…Š‡ŠŽ†•• ˆŠ‚•‘ †‚‡’‘‡ƒ•„‡ˆ…• (•ŽŒ•’€Š•†Š š ‹•‹ƒ•—•†† •Š•ŸŒ•€†”•‹ƒ† •Š ”•’Šƒ ‹‰†ƒŽƒœ‹— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚•”), “‚††‡ˆ…‰ (•„† •ƒ‹•ƒ‹ƒš†† ™Š•••‹ƒ† ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ••ˆ• Ÿ‡Žˆ•••‡•‰†— š •‹‡•š†—Œ š‹Š•Ÿ–Šˆ• „ŽšŠ•‹ƒšŽ † €•‹ƒ••••‹ƒ† ¡Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒš¢ •••—ƒ†Š €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ „Ž˜”¤šŽŠƒ‹— † •Š„Š‹ƒŽŠƒ Ÿ¤ƒœ ƒŽ‚•š¤”). ²ƒ† ‹š•“‹ƒšŽ ••„Š€Š‡—¬ƒ •‹••š••Š ‚Ž‰Š‹ƒš• €Ž•••“ ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„††.

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›•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ³ ‚•”•Š•‹Ž™†— •Š€•‹ƒŽ¬–Šˆ• ••ƒŠ•™†Ž‡Ž ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž š „Ž˜‡†‰•¤Œ •Ÿ‡Ž‹ƒ—Œ. ¦ •ƒ••«Š•†— ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž † šŠ–† ”•’•• š¤‹ƒ„•†ƒœ ‹‡Š€•¬–•¬ ™Š•œ: ••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒœ ³ šŠ–œ ³ …••‚™†— ³ „•‡œ. ¦•˜•†‚ŽŠƒ ••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒœ š ‰Š”-‡†Ÿ•, •Ž•„†”Š„, Ÿ¤‹ƒ„•ˆ• •Š„Š€š†’Š•†— •• ˆ•„•€•. ²ƒ• •Ž‰Ž‡œ••Š ˜šŠ•• ™Š•† ³ €‡…•‚’†‡ˆ…‰. ›‡— ©ƒ•ˆ• ••‚••ŽŠƒ‹— šŠ–œ (Žšƒ•”•Ÿ†‡œ), ‹••‹•Ÿ•Ž— •€•š‡Šƒš•„†ƒœ €Ž•••¬ ••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒœ. ²ƒ• šƒ•„•Š ˜šŠ•• ™Š•† ³ Š‚•‰. ¦¤••‡•—— ‹ ©ƒ•“ šŠ–œ¬ •Œ†”“•– (ƒ„ŠƒœŠ ˜šŠ••), š ‚•ƒ•„•“ Ÿ¤‡Ž •Š•ŸŒ•€†”•‹ƒœ ³ Š˜€Ž, ‰Š‡•šŠ‚ •€••š„Š”Š••• •„†•Ÿ„ŠƒŽŠƒ ••„Š€Š‡Š••¤“ •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŠ••¤“ ‹ƒŽƒ•‹ (‰ŠƒšŠ„ƒ•Š ˜šŠ••) ³ Š˜€•‚, Žšƒ•”•Ÿ†‡†‹ƒ.

›•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ³ ©ƒ• ƒŽ‚•Š ‹•‹ƒ•—•†Š, ‚•ˆ€Ž š‹Š ˜šŠ•œ— •Ž˜šŽ•••“ ™Š•† ‹•Ÿ„Ž•¤ š•Š€†••, † ••Ž •Š „šŠƒ‹—. ¨•ˆ€Ž ©ƒ• •••—ƒ†Š —š‡—Šƒ‹— ••‡•¤”, €•Œ•š••Š ‹•€Š„’Ž•†Š •ƒ••«Š•†— ¡‰Š‡•šŠ‚ ³ šŠ–œ¢ ‹•Œ„Ž•—Šƒ‹—. ´•ˆ€Ž ’Š †˜ ™Š•† •Œ•€†ƒ •€•• ˜šŠ••, •Ž•„†”Š„, •Œ†”“••, š•˜•†‚ŽŠƒ ™Š•œ: ••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒœ ³ šŠ–œ ³ „•‡œ, ƒ• ‹•˜€ŽŠƒ‹— ‡†«œ š†€†”•‹ƒœ €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž, ‹†”š•‡†‰Š‹‚Ž— …••‚™†—, •Š„Š••‹ ™Š•••‹ƒ† šŠ–† •Ž ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž. ª• †”ŠŠƒ ”Ž«†••, •• •Š Š˜€†ƒ •Ž •Š“, Ž †”ŠŠƒ •„† ©ƒ•” •‡—‰ ³ š†€†”•‹ƒœ Žšƒ•”•Ÿ†‡†‹ƒŽ. ¥‹‡† •Šƒ •Š•ŸŒ•€†”•‹ƒ† (€‡…•‚’†‡ˆ…•) š •Ÿ‡Ž€Ž•††, •Ž•„†”Š„, €š•”— €•”Ž”†, Ž ‰Š‡•šŠ‚ †Œ †”ŠŠƒ, ƒ• •„•†‹Œ•€†ƒ ƒ• ’Š ‹Ž”•Š: €•Œ•š••Š ‹•€Š„’Ž•†Š †‹‰Š˜ŽŠƒ, š•˜•†‚ŽŠƒ •˜—•™‚”, ’‚˜ƒŒ™†‡‚ †Ž”‡€•…‚—‰ˆ…Š‡, •„•†‹Œ•€†ƒ ƒ„Ž•‹…•„”Ž™†— ™Š•••‹ƒ† šŠ–† š •ŸŠ‹™Š•†šŽ•†Š ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž.

›•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ³ ••‡Š š˜Ž†”•€Š“‹ƒš†— ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ••ˆ• † …†˜†•‡•ˆ†‰Š‹‚•ˆ•, ƒ•‰•ŠŠ •‹†Œ•‡•ˆ†‰Š‹‚•ˆ•, ©ƒ• •Š ‚•‡†‰Š‹ƒš• šŠ–Š“, Ž ••„Š€Š‡Š•••Š š••ƒ„Š••ŠŠ ‹•‹ƒ•—•†Š •€•š‡Šƒš•„Š•••‹ƒ† ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž. ¦ ‹š—˜† ‹ š¤«Š†˜‡•’Š••¤” •„Š€‡ŽˆŽŠƒ‹— ‹‡Š€•¬–ŠŠ ••„Š€Š‡Š•†Š: €•‚ƒ„ƒ•… šš ›…‡ ”‡—•œ‚ˆ…Š‚††‡-”Žœ‚ˆ…Š‚††Ž• ”Ž…‚•‡•••, ˆ‡ˆ…ŽŠ—•–•Ž• Œˆ—‡Š•• ’ž…•• ˆŠ‚•‘ †‚‡’‘‡ƒ•„‡ˆ…•, Šžˆ…Œ€Ž‚… „‚•‡‹ •˜’ž…”Ž • †‚ƒ‡ˆ…Ž…”Ž, ˆ€‡ˆ‡’†‡•‡ Œƒ‡Š—‚…Š‡••…‰ „Ž…‚••Ž—‰†ž‚ • ƒŒ‘‡Š†ž‚ €‡…•‚’†‡ˆ…• œ‚—‡Š‚”Ž.

¸•‹„Š€‹ƒš•” †˜”Š•Š•†— ‹ƒŠ„Š•ƒ†••š ‹•˜•Ž•†— † ••šŠ€Š•†— •„•†‹Œ•€†ƒ •„†‹••‹•Ÿ‡Š•†Š, ‚Ž‚ ‰Š‡•šŠ‰Š‹‚†Œ ‹••Ÿ–Š‹ƒš, ƒŽ‚ † •ƒ€Š‡œ•¤Œ †•€†š†€••”•š ‚ ”Š•—¬–†”‹— •‹‡•š†—” ’†˜•†. ¦ ‹•š„Š”Š••¤Œ •‹‡•š†—Œ ‹

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15

••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒœ¬ š Ž€Ž•ƒŽ™†† ‚ †˜”Š•†š«Š”•‹— ©‚•••”†‰Š‹‚•”• ••‡•’Š•†¬, •ŽŸ‡¬€ŽŠƒ‹— ••„•’€Š•†Š ••š¤Œ ‚•‡œƒ•„•¤Œ …•„”, ˆ€Š •••—ƒ†Š €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ‹••„—ˆŽŠƒ‹— ‹ †•¤”† ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„†‹ƒ†‚Ž”† † ˜•Ž‰Š•†—”†.

·•’•• š¤€Š‡†ƒœ •Š‹‚•‡œ‚• …•„” Šˆ• š••‡•–Š•†—.

1.›Š•œˆ† (‚••¬„¤, ‚Ž•†ƒŽ‡, ©‡Š‚ƒ„•••¤“ ©‚š†šŽ‡Š•ƒ).

2.ž•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ (šŠ–†, †”•–Š‹ƒš•, ˜Š”‡—).

3.ºŠ•••‹ƒ† (Œ•€•’Š‹ƒšŠ••¤Š, •‚„Ž«Š•†—, Ž•ƒ†‚šŽ„†Žƒ).

4.•˜•Ÿ†‡†Š (Ÿ•‡œ«•Š ‚•‡†‰Š‹ƒš• „Š‹•„‹Ž, †”•–Š‹ƒšŽ, ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ†).

5.ž•‹ƒ•—ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒœ (•€•š‡Šƒš•„Š•••‹ƒœ ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ•¤” ••‡•’Š•†Š”, ‹ƒŽƒ•‹•”, ••‡•’Š•†Š” š •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŠ);

6.®‡Žˆ•••‡•‰†Š (•„†—ƒ•Ž—, ‚•”…•„ƒ•Ž—, •ŸŠ‹•Š‰Š••Ž—, ‹‰Ž‹ƒ‡†šŽ— ’†˜•œ);

7.£‹•ŠŒ (Ž‚ƒ†š•Ž— •„Š€•„†•†”ŽƒŠ‡œ‹‚Ž— €Š—ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒœ, †•†™†Žƒ†šŽ, •„Š€•„††”‰†š•‹ƒœ, ‹•‹ƒ•—ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒœ, Ÿ‡Žˆ•ƒš•„†ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒœ).

8.·Ž„‚Ž (‹ƒ†‡œ•¤Š šŠ–† † Ž‚‹Š‹‹•Ž„¤, €•‹ƒ•••¤Š •• ™Š•Š ƒ•‡œ‚• ‰Š‡•šŠ‚•

‹ €•‹ƒŽƒ‚•”).

´ŽƒŠˆ•„†— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž, ‚Ž‚ š¤„Ž’Š•†Š •Ÿ†‡†— ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ•¤Œ ‹„Š€‹ƒš,

•ƒ••‹†ƒ‹— ‚ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚•, ©ƒ• Ž•ƒ„•••™Š•ƒ„†‰Š‹‚Ž—, Ž•ƒ„••••Ž•„Žš‡Š••Ž— ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„†‹ƒ†‚Ž.

´Ž‚ ‡¬Ÿ•”• ‚•‡œƒ•„••”• ©‡Š”Š•ƒ•, €•‹ƒŽƒ‚• •„†‹•–† ‹š•† …•„”¤ š••‡•–Š•†— † ‚•‡œƒ•„•¤Š ‹š•“‹ƒšŽ: •Œ†”“•‡†Ž—‰†‡ˆ…‰, ˆ‚„Ž†…•œ†‡ˆ…‰, Œ…•—•…Ž•†‡ˆ…‰, “‚††‡ˆ…‰, Œ†•Š‚•ˆŽ—‰†‡ˆ…‰, Œ†•”Ž—‰†‡ˆ…‰, Ž†…•†‡„•œ†‡ˆ…‰.

´ŽƒŠˆ•„†† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž •„†‹•–† ƒŽ‚’Š ••„Š€Š‡Š••¤Š ‚•‡œƒ•„•¤Š „•‡† †‡† ‚•‡œƒ•„•¤Š …••‚™††, ‚•ƒ•„¤Š ”•ˆ•ƒ Ÿ¤ƒœ š¤‹ƒ„•Š•¤ š †Š„Ž„Œ†‰Š‹‚•¬ ‹ƒ„•‚ƒ•„• •ƒ •Ž†Ÿ•‡ŠŠ •Ÿ–†Œ €• ‹„Žš•†ƒŠ‡œ•• ‰Ž‹ƒ•¤Œ. ªƒ”Š‰Ž¬ƒ‹— ‹‡Š€•¬–†Š: •ƒ‚‡—‡••œ‚ˆ”Ž•, •Œ†”“•• ˆ‡“•Ž—‰†‡‹ •†…‚••Ž“••, ˆ‚„•‡…•œ‚ˆ”Ž•, •Œ†”“•• ”‡„„Œ†•“••‡ŠŽ†••, €•‚ˆ…•Ÿ†Ž•, •Œ†”“•• ˆ‡“•Ž—‰†‡•‡ €Ž…•‡†ŽŸŽ, •Œ†”“•• €ˆ•‘‡—‡••œ‚ˆ”‡‹ •Ž˜••ƒ”•, ŽƒŽ€…Ž“•‡††Ž•

• œ‚—‡Š‚”‡•‡•„••Œ–•Ž•. ¨Ž‚†” •Ÿ„Ž˜•”, ‚•‡œƒ•„•¤Š …••‚™†† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž, •Š˜Žš†‹†”• •ƒ ‹ƒŠ•Š•† •‰Šš†€••‹ƒ†, †ˆ„Ž¬ƒ šŽ’••¬ „•‡œ š …•„”†„•šŽ•††,

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‚Ž‚ •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŠ•••“, ƒŽ‚ † †•€†š†€•Ž‡œ••“ ‚•‡œƒ•„¤. ‘Ž†Ÿ•‡ŠŠ ˆ‡Žš••“ † ••†šŠ„‹Ž‡œ••“ …••‚™†Š“ €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž ‹‡Š€•Šƒ •Ž˜šŽƒœ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚•…•„”†„•¬–•¬ …••‚™†¬. ¥Š ”•’•• ‹‰†ƒŽƒœ Ž‚ƒ†š••“ † ”••ˆ••Ÿ„Ž˜••“, ƒŽ‚ ‚Ž‚ €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ••”•ˆŽŠƒ š „ŠŽ‡†˜Ž™†† †•€†š†€•Ž‡œ•¤Œ ••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒŠ“ † ‹••‹•Ÿ‹ƒš•Šƒ …•„”†„•šŽ•†¬ ••„Š€Š‡Š•••ˆ• ƒ†•Ž ‡†‰••‹ƒ†.

¸„•šŠ€Š••¤“ š ˆ‡ŽšŠ Ž•Ž‡†˜ ••˜š•‡—Šƒ ‹€Š‡Žƒœ š¤š•€ • ƒ•”, ‰ƒ•:

-›•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ³ ©š•‡¬™†•••Ž— ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†—, •„Š€‹ƒŽš‡—¬–Ž— ‹•Ÿ•“ ‹•š•‚••••‹ƒœ •„Š€”Šƒ•š ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ••“ €Š“‹ƒš†ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒ†, ‹•–Š‹ƒš•¬–†Œ š• š˜Ž†”•‹š—˜† ‹ €•Œ•š••“ ‹…Š„•“, ••†šŠ„‹Ž‡œ••Š •••—ƒ†Š, †”Š¬–ŠŠ ‹‡•’••¬, ”••ˆ•…••‚™†••Ž‡œ••¬ •„†„•€•, •Ÿ‡Ž€Ž¬–ŠŠ €†Ž‡Š‚ƒ†‰Š‹‚†” •„•ƒ†š•„Š‰†Š” ‹•Ÿ¼Š‚ƒ••-•Ÿ¼Š‚ƒ••ˆ• ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„Ž;

-›•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ •ƒ••‹†ƒ‹— •€••š„Š”Š••• ‚ ‰†‹‡• ••†šŠ„‹Ž‡œ•¤Œ † …Š••”Š•Ž‡œ•¤Œ —š‡Š•†“, •„••†˜¤šŽ¬–†Œ ‰Š‡•šŠ‰Š‹‚•Š Ÿ¤ƒ†Š, Ž ••ƒ•‡•ˆ†‰Š‹‚Ž— •„†„•€Ž €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž ••„Š€Š‡—Šƒ ”••ˆ•ˆ„Ž•••‹ƒœ Šˆ• •„•—š‡Š•†“. ´ŽƒŠˆ•„†— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž •Ÿ„ŠƒŽŠƒ ••š¤Š …••‚™†† š ‹•š„Š”Š•••“

‹•™†•‚•‡œƒ•„••“ ‹„Š€Š.

¦• „Žˆƒˆ« ®••„Œ °¡ˆŠŽ•Žˆ‡ „ ‰ŠŽˆƒ‰ªŒŠ‡ˆ« ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ®‰‰ ƒ†ŠŠ‡ˆ®ˆ

••ƒˆ‘•³ •‹ƒŽ•Žš‡†šŽŠƒ‹— ƒŠ‹•Ž— ‹š—˜œ …•„”†„•šŽ•†— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž ‹ •••—ƒ†Š” ”Š•ƒŽ‡†ƒŠƒŽ •Ž™†† ‚Ž‚ †‹ƒ•„†‰Š‹‚† ‹‡•’†š«Šˆ•‹— €•‡ˆ•š„Š”Š•••ˆ• •”••Ž‹ƒ„•Š•†—, Š€†•‹ƒšŽ ‹•˜•ŽƒŠ‡œ•¤Œ † ŸŠ‹‹•˜•ŽƒŠ‡œ•¤Œ ™Š•••‹ƒŠ“ † ••„”. ®•ˆŽƒ‹ƒš• † ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ š ”Š•ƒŽ‡†ƒŠƒŠ •Ž„•€Ž ••„Š€Š‡—Šƒ‹— ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„•” Šˆ• ‹•™†Ž‡œ••“ €Š—ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒ†. ¸•‹‡Š€•—— š¤„Ž’ŽŠƒ ‹•š•‚••••‹ƒœ †‹ƒ•„†‰Š‹‚† ‹‡•’†š«†Œ‹— …••‚™†“ •Ž„•€Ž, •„Žˆ”Žƒ†‚• Šˆ• ••šŠ€Š•†—, ••ƒ„ŠŸ••‹ƒ† † ‹••‹•Ÿ••‹ƒ†. ¸„Š’€Š š‹Šˆ•, ©ƒ• ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„†‹ƒ†‚Ž ”•ƒ†šŽ™†•••¤Œ •‹ƒŽ••š•‚ ©ƒ••‹Ž, Šˆ• ™Š•••‹ƒ•¤Œ •„†Š•ƒ†„•š Ÿ¤ƒ†—. ¸•©ƒ•”• „Ž‹‹”Žƒ„†šŽ¬ƒ‹— •‹•ŸŠ•••‹ƒ† …•„”†„•šŽ•†— ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž š ‹•™†•‚•‡œƒ•„••” ‹„Žš•Š•††.

•‹‹‡Š€•šŽ•†Š •„†„•€¤ Ž„ŒŠƒ†•••ˆ• ‹•˜•Ž•†— ••˜š•‡—Šƒ ˆ‡•Ÿ’Š •••—ƒœ •Ž™†••Ž‡œ••¬ ‚•‡œƒ•„•. ¦¤—š‡—Šƒ‹— ‹•Š™†…†‚Ž €„Šš•Š„•‹‹‚†Œ

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•„Š€‹ƒŽš‡Š•†“ • ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†† Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒšŽ. £ˆ‡•Ÿ‡——‹œ š €„Šš•¬¬ ”†…•‡•ˆ†¬

•ƒ••‹†ƒŠ‡œ•• €Ž•••ˆ• •••—ƒ†—, •‰Šš†€•¤” ‹ƒŽ••š†ƒ‹— ƒ•ƒ …Ž‚ƒ, ‰ƒ• •„† š‹Š“ Ž•ƒ„•••”•„…••‹ƒ† ”†…•‡•ˆ†‰Š‹‚•ˆ• ”¤«‡Š•†—, •Šƒ •„—”•“ ‹š—˜† ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž ‹ €Ž•••“ ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†Š“. ¦ ©ƒ• š„Š”— •••†”Ž•†Š €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž ƒ•‡œ‚• ˜Ž„•’€ŽŠƒ‹— † •Ž•„—”•¬ ‹š—˜¤šŽŠƒ‹— ‹ •‚„•’Ž¬–†”† •„Š€”ŠƒŽ”† † —š‡Š•†—”†, •ƒ ‚•ƒ•„¤Œ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚ †”ŠŠƒ ˜Žš†‹†”•‹ƒœ. ²ƒ• •Š•„Š”Š••• ˜Š”‡Š€Š‡†Š † •‡•€•„•€†Š, Ÿ•ˆŽƒ¤“ •„•’Ž“, ˜•‡•ƒ•, •Ž‡†‰†Š ‹‚•ƒŽ † Œ‡ŠŸŽ. ¨Ž‚•Š •••†”Ž•†Š, ••

‹•–Š‹ƒš•, Š–Š •Š —š‡—Šƒ‹— •„Š€‹ƒŽš‡Š•†Š” • €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Š š ••‡••“ ”Š„Š, Ž ‡†«œ …•„”†„•šŽ•†Š” €Ž•••ˆ• •••—ƒ†—.

„ŒŠƒ†•†‰••‹ƒœ €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž …•„”†„•Šƒ‹— š •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŠ•••” ‹•˜•Ž•†† ‚Ž‚ •Ÿ„Ž˜Š™ Ÿ‡Žˆ•••‡•‰†—, •‡•€•š†ƒ•‹ƒ†, ••‡••ƒ¤, €Ž„Ž. ›†•Ž”†‚Ž š„Š”Š•† ••„Š€Š‡—Šƒ‹— † š¤„Ž’ŽŠƒ‹— ˆ•‹••€‹ƒš•¬–†”† š •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŠ Ž„ŒŠƒ†•Ž”†; ‹”Š•Ž š„Š”Š• •˜•Ž‰ŽŠƒ ‹”Š•• Ž„ŒŠƒ†••š †‡†, •• ‚„Ž“•Š“ ”Š„Š, ‹••‹•Ÿ•š †Œ •„•—š‡Š•†—. ¦Š€•–†Š Ž„ŒŠƒ†•¤ ©••Œ†, ‚ ‚Ž‚†” •ƒ••‹†ƒ‹— † €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚, ‹Šˆ•€•— ˜Žš•Ž‡†„•šŽ•¤ † •••‹„Š€•šŽ•¤ ‹•™†Ž‡œ•¤”† „†ƒ•Ž‡Ž”† † •Ÿ–Š•„†•—ƒ¤”† ••‡•‹•˜•ŽƒŠ‡œ•¤”† •„Š€‹ƒŽš‡Š•†—”†.

-Ž˜š†ƒ†Š ”Ž‹‹•š¤Œ •„Žš‹ƒšŠ••¤Œ †€ŠŽ‡•š -•‹‹†† š•‹Œ•€†ƒ ‚ ‹†•‚„Šƒ†‰Š‹‚•“ •„Žš‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ†, ‹…•„”†„•šŽš«Š“‹— Š–Š š €•ˆ•‹•€Ž„‹ƒšŠ••¤Œ ‹••Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŽŒ €„Šš•†Œ ‹‡Žš—•. ‘•, ••‹ƒŠ•Š••• š¤„ŽŸŽƒ¤šŽ¬–†Š‹— •€•Ž †˜ €„•ˆ•“ •„Žš‹ƒšŠ••¤Š ‹†‹ƒŠ”¤, •„•‰•• ‹š—˜¤šŽ¬ƒ‹— ‹ •„Ž‚ƒ†‰Š‹‚•“ €Š—ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒœ¬, šŒ•€—ƒ š ‹•˜•Ž•†Š ‡¬€Š“.

›• XVIII šŠ‚Ž š -•‹‹†† •Š ‹•–Š‹ƒš•šŽ‡• •••—ƒ†— ¡©‚•••”†‚Ž¢. žŽ”•Ÿ¤ƒ•¤“ Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ••¤“ ‹ƒ„•“, ˆ•‹••€‹ƒš•šŽš«†“ •Ž -•‹†, ••‹†‡ •Ž˜šŽ•†Š ¡›•”•‹ƒ„•†ƒŠ‡œ‹ƒš•¢. ›•”•‹ƒ„•†ƒŠ‡œ‹ƒš• š •••†”Ž•†† „•‹‹‚•ˆ• ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž ³ •Ž•‚Ž šŠ‹ƒ† Œ•˜—“‹ƒš• €‡— •ŸŠ‹•Š‰Š•†— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž † †˜•Ÿ†‡†— •Ž €•Œ•š••-•„Žš‹ƒšŠ••¤Œ •Ž‰Ž‡ŽŒ.

±•˜—“‹ƒš• •Ž -•‹† ³ ©ƒ•, •„Š’€Š š‹Šˆ•, Ÿ•ˆ•‹••ƒšŠƒ‹ƒšŠ•••Š ˜Ž•—ƒ†Š, š „Ž”‚ŽŒ ‚•ƒ•„•ˆ• †‹‚‡¬‰Š•Ž ••ˆ••— ˜Ž •„†Ÿ¤‡œ¬ ‚Ž‚ ‹Ž”•™Š‡œ¬, Ž Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ••¤Š •ƒ••«Š•†— •„†Š•ƒ†„•¬ƒ‹— •Ž ••„Š€Š‡Š••¤“ •„Žš‹ƒšŠ•••-

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ƒ„•€•š•“ ••„—€•‚, ••„†™Ž¬–†“ ••‚‡••Š•†Š €Š•œˆŽ” † ŸŠ‹••–Ž€••¬ ©‚‹•‡•ŽƒŽ™†¬.

•˜ Ž•Ž‡†˜Ž ”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡•š •Ž„•€••ˆ• ƒš•„‰Š‹ƒšŽ (••‹‡•š†™¤, ••ˆ•š•„‚†, ‡ŠˆŠ•€¤, ‹‚Ž˜Ž•†— † €„.) š†€••, ‰ƒ•, š•-•Š„š¤Œ, ••ƒ„ŠŸ‡Š•†Š ‹šŠ„Œ ”Š„¤ š •Ž„•€••” ‹•˜•Ž•†† ‹‰†ƒŽŠƒ‹— †˜•Ÿ†‡†Š”, † •„†•†”ŽŠƒ‹— ˜Ž •Š€•‹ƒŽƒ•‚. ¸•„†™ŽŠƒ‹— •Š €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚, Ž Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒš•, ƒ• Š‹ƒœ •‰Š•œ Ÿ•‡œ«•Š ‚•‡†‰Š‹ƒš• ‰Šˆ•- ‡†Ÿ•. ¦•-šƒ•„¤Œ, ”†… • Ÿ‡Žˆ•••‡•‰††, ‚Ž‚ •ƒ‹•ƒ‹ƒš†† ˆ•‡•€Ž, ƒ• Š‹ƒœ ’Š‡Ž•†Š ’†ƒœ š €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Š, •• •Š š Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒšŠ ³ ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„•Ž— ‰Š„ƒŽ „•‹‹‚•ˆ• •Ž™†••Ž‡œ••ˆ• ”Š•ƒŽ‡†ƒŠƒŽ.

¦ -•‹‹†† ‹‡•’†‡•‹œ †••Š, ‰Š” •Ž •Ž•Ž€Š •ƒ••«Š•†Š ‚ €Š•œˆŽ” † Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒš•. ž•ˆ‡Ž‹•• †€Š—” •„Žš•‹‡Žš†—, ¡‚•”†„ Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒšŽ¢ š‹Šˆ€Ž š‚‡¬‰ŽŠƒ •„Š€‹ƒŽš‡Š•†— † • €•Œ•š•¤Œ Ÿ‡ŽˆŽŒ, † • •Š”ŽƒŠ„†Ž‡œ•¤Œ ™Š•••‹ƒ—Œ. •Ž•Ž€•¤“ ”†„ ‰Ž–Š š‹Šˆ• ‹š•€†ƒ •••—ƒ†Š Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒšŽ ‚ ‹š•Ÿ•€Š, ƒ.Š. ‚ š•˜”•’••‹ƒ† ••‚••Žƒœ, ‹ƒ—’Žƒœ š‹Š ••š¤Š † ••š¤Š ƒ•šŽ„¤ † •‹‡•ˆ†, „•‹‹‚†“ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚ š†€†ƒ š ©ƒ•“ ¡‹š•Ÿ•€Š¢ …•„”• ‚ŽŸŽ‡¤, •••ƒ¤šŽ¬–Š“ Šˆ• €•«• † •ŸŠ€•—¬–•¬ ’†˜•œ. ¨Ž‚†” •Ÿ„Ž˜•”, ••€ š‡†—•†Š” €š•Œ šŽ’•Š“«†Œ •Ž•„Žš‡Š•†“ Œ„†‹ƒ†Ž•‹ƒšŽ, •„†š†šŽ‡†‹œ „Ž˜‡†‰•¤Š ‰Š„ƒ¤ š ©‚•••”†‰Š‹‚•“ ‚•‡œƒ•„Š •Ÿ–Š‹ƒšŽ.

°Š•Š˜†‹ ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž š „•‹‹‚•” ‹•˜•Ž•†† †”ŠŠƒ ‹š•† ‹•–Š‹ƒšŠ••¤Š •‹•ŸŠ•••‹ƒ†, ˜Ž‚‡¬‰Š••¤Š, •„Š’€Š š‹Šˆ•, š •„†„•€••³ ‚‡†”Žƒ†‰Š‹‚†Œ † ˆŠ•••‡†ƒ†‰Š‹‚†Œ •‹‡•š†—Œ. ¦ „•‹‹‚•” ‹•˜•Ž•†† €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ ³ ©ƒ•, ‹ •€••“ ‹ƒ•„••¤, –Š€„•‹ƒœ † «†„•ƒŽ „Ž˜”ŽŒŽ š ƒ„ŽƒŽŒ; ‹ €„•ˆ•“, ³ ŽšƒŽ„‚†—, ‹Ž”••€•š‡Šƒš•„Š•••‹ƒœ, ‹Ž”•€•‹ƒŽƒ•‰••‹ƒœ, ŸŠ˜ †˜‡†«Š‹ƒš, ¡‚„Š•‚•Š¢ Œ•˜—“‹ƒš•, •Ž‡†‰†Š ¡˜ŽˆŽ«•†‚Ž¢.

‘Ž •‹••šŠ „•‹‹‚•“ ”•„Ž‡œ••“ ƒ„Ž€†™†† š ‚••™Š XIX ³ •Ž‰Ž‡Š XX ‹ƒ•‡Šƒ†— š -•‹‹†† ‹‚‡Ž€¤šŽ‡†‹œ •Ÿ„Ž˜™¤ Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ•••ˆ• €Š—ƒŠ‡— † ©‚•••”†‰Š‹‚•ˆ• ••šŠ€Š•†— •„†”Š•†ƒŠ‡œ•• ‚ •‹‡•š†—” „¤••‰••ˆ• Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŽ. ¸„Žš•‹‡Žš••-Œ„†‹ƒ†Ž•‹‚†Š ‚•„•† „•‹‹‚•“ ƒ„Ž€†™†† ‹€Š‡Ž‡† •Šš•˜”•’•¤” €‡— •ŠŠ •„†•™†•†Ž‡œ••Š •Š•„†—ƒ†Š ‰Ž‹ƒ••“ ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ†. •Ÿ•, ‚Ž‚ †˜šŠ‹ƒ••, Œ„†‹ƒ†Ž•‹ƒš• ••‡ŽˆŽŠƒ ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ ‹š—–Š•••“. ¸•©ƒ•”•

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€•‹ƒŽƒ•‚, ‰Ž‹ƒ•Ž— ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ •Š •ƒšŠ„ˆŽ¬ƒ‹— ŸŠ˜•‹‡•š••. ª€•Ž‚• €‡— „•‹‹‚•“ ”•„Ž‡œ••“ ƒ„Ž€†™†† ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„•• •ŠˆŽƒ†š••Š •ƒ••«Š•†Š ‚ †‹••‡œ˜•šŽ•†¬ Ÿ•ˆŽƒ‹ƒšŽ €‡— •••„Ž•†— ‡†‰••ˆ• €•‹ƒ•†•‹ƒšŽ €„•ˆ†Œ ‡¬€Š“.

¨Ž‚†” •Ÿ„Ž˜•”, …•„”†„•šŽ•†Š •••—ƒ†— €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž š ‹š•†Œ †‹ƒ•‚ŽŒ †”ŠŠƒ •Ÿ•‹‡•š‡Š•••¬ „Ž˜‡†‰•¤”† …Ž‚ƒ•„Ž”† •‹••š•:

-„Š‡†ˆ†•˜••-”†„•š•˜˜„Š•‰Š‹‚•¬, •‹••šŽ•••¬ •Ž •„Žš•‹‡Žš††, ‹•–••‹ƒ•¤Š ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„†‹ƒ†‚† ‚•ƒ•„•ˆ• ‹…•„”†„•šŽ‡† •ƒ‡†‰••¬ •ƒ •„•ƒŠ‹ƒŽ•ƒ†˜”Ž ©‚•••”†‰Š‹‚•¬ ‚•‡œƒ•„•;

-©ƒ•†‰Š‹‚Ž— •„†•Ž€‡Š’••‹ƒœ ••„Š€Š‡—Šƒ ‹•Š™†…†‚• …•„”†„•šŽ•†— †˜•‰ŽŠ”•ˆ• •••—ƒ†— š ‹„Žš•Š•†† ‹ €„•ˆ†”† •Ž™†••Ž‡œ••‹ƒ—”†;

-•„†„•€••³‚‡†”Žƒ†‰Š‹‚†Š † ˆŠ•••‡†ƒ†‰Š‹‚†Š •‹‡•š†— •ŸŠ‹•Š‰†‡† š¤„ŽŸ•ƒ‚• ••„Š€Š‡Š••¤Œ ‰Š‡•šŠ‰Š‹‚†Œ ‚Ž‰Š‹ƒš, ‹•–Š‹ƒšŠ••• ••š‡†—š«†Œ •Ž ‹•€Š„’Ž•†Š ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž.

žŠˆ•€•— ‹†‹ƒŠ”Ž ”•„Ž‡œ••ˆ• €•‡ˆŽ † š••ƒ„Š••Š“ ™Š•˜•„¤ ‹ƒŽ‡Ž ‹ƒ„Š”†ƒŠ‡œ•• „Ž˜„•«Žƒœ‹—. ¸„†‰†••“ —š‡—Šƒ‹— †˜”Š•Š•†Š ‹ƒ„•‚ƒ•„¤ ••š‹Š€•Šš••‹ƒ†. ‹‚Šƒ†˜”, ‹Ž”••ƒ„Š‰Š•†Š, ‹•‡†€Ž„••‹ƒœ, Ž‡œƒ„•†˜”, ©‚•••”†— † •ˆ„Ž•†‰Š•†Š ••ƒ„ŠŸ‡Š•†— —š‡—¬ƒ‹— •¤•Š •‹ƒŽ„Šš«†”† €•Ÿ„•€ŠƒŠ‡—”†, ƒŽ‚ ‚Ž‚ ‹•š„Š”Š••¤“ •Ÿ„Ž˜ ’†˜•† ‹ƒ„•†ƒ‹— •Ž •‹••šŠ •Š ©‚•••”††, Ž ƒ„Žƒ¤. -Ž‹‰Šƒ † €Ž‡œ••š†€••‹ƒœ, •„Š€•‹”•ƒ„†ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒœ † •‹ƒ•„•’••‹ƒœ •Š„Š‹ƒŽ‡† ‚•‡œƒ†š†„•šŽƒœ‹— •Ž †•€†š†€•Ž‡œ••” •„•š•Š † •’Š •Š ‹•‹ƒŽš‡—¬ƒ •‹••š• ©‚•••”†‰Š‹‚•“ ‚•‡œƒ•„¤.

-•‹‹‚Ž— …†‡•‹•…‹‚Ž— ”¤‹‡œ • €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Š Ÿ¤‡Ž š¤„Ž’Š•Ž š ‚•‡‡Š‚ƒ†š••” •Ÿ‹•’€Š•†† •„•Ÿ‡Š”¤ Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŽ † ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ†. ª€•Ž †˜ ˆ‡Žš•¤Œ †€Š“ ³ •Ÿ•‹••šŽ•†Š ‰Ž‹ƒ••“ ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ†, •Š •˜•Ž‰Ž¬–ŠŠ ••„Žš€Ž•†Š š‹—‚•ˆ• ˜‡••••ƒ„ŠŸ‡Š•†— †”•–Š‹ƒš•”. ž•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ €ŽŠƒ ‰•š‹ƒš• •šŠ„Š•••‹ƒ†, €•šŠ„†Š ‚ ‡¬€—”, ‚ šŠ–Ž” † ‚ ˜Š”‡Š, ’Š‡Ž•†Š š‡•’†ƒœ š Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ••¤“ •„•™Š‹‹ ‹š•“ ƒ„•€ † ‹š•† ™Š•••‹ƒ†. ª•Ž •‰†ƒ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž ƒš•„‰Š‹‚† ‡¬Ÿ†ƒœ ƒ„•€ † ˜Š”‡¬, ‹š•“ •‰Žˆ † „•€†••, š¤„Ž’ŽŠƒ † ˜Ž‚„Š•‡—Šƒ Šˆ• •‹Š€‡•‹ƒœ, ŸŠ˜ ‚•ƒ•„•“ •Šš•˜”•’•Ž ‚•‡œƒ•„Ž, •Ÿ¼Š€†•—Šƒ ‹Š”œ¬, …•„”†„•Šƒ † Ž‚ƒ†š†˜†„•Šƒ

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ˆ•‹•€Ž„‹ƒšŠ••¤“ †•‹ƒ†•‚ƒ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž. ª•Ž ’Š „Ž‹‚„¤šŽŠƒ Š”• Œ•€•’Š‹ƒšŠ•••¬ ˆ‡•Ÿ†•• Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ•••ˆ• •„•™Š‹‹Ž, ©‹ƒŠƒ†‰Š‹‚•¬ ‹•–••‹ƒœ ƒ„•€Ž, •‰†ƒ Šˆ• „Š‡†ˆ†•˜••”• •„†—ƒ†¬ •„†„•€¤ † ”†„Ž.

ž•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ •„•Ÿ•’€ŽŠƒ † š•‹•†ƒ¤šŽŠƒ š ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Š •„Žš•‹•˜•Ž•†Š, ••”•ˆŽŠƒ ‹ƒ„•ˆ• „Ž˜€Š‡—ƒœ ¡”•Š¢ † ¡ƒš•Š¢, •„†•‰Ž— ‚ •„Žš•š•“ š˜Ž†”••‹ƒ† † ‚ •šŽ’Š•†¬ ‰•’†Œ ••‡••”•‰†“, š˜„Ž–†šŽ— š •Š” šŠ„••Š ‰•š‹ƒš• ˆ„Ž’€Ž•‹‚•ˆ• ••„—€‚Ž † ˆ„Ž’€Ž•‹ƒšŠ•••“ ‹Ž”•‹ƒ•—ƒŠ‡œ••‹ƒ†. ‘Ž‚••Š™, ‰Ž‹ƒ•Ž— ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ š•‹•†ƒ¤šŽŠƒ ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž š €•ŒŠ Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ•••“ ‹•‡†€Ž„••‹ƒ†, •Š •Ž„•«Ž¬–Š“ Œ•˜—“‹ƒšŠ•••¬ ‹š•Ÿ•€•, †Ÿ• ‚Ž’€¤“ ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ••†‚, Ÿ•ˆŽƒŠ—, •Ÿ•ˆŽ–ŽŠƒ † ‹š•Š •‚„•’Š•†Š, † •Ž„•€••Š Œ•˜—“‹ƒš•, ³ šŠ€œ ‚••‚•„Š•™†— ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ••†‚•š šŠ€Šƒ •Š ƒ•‡œ‚• ‚ Ÿ•„œŸŠ, •• † ‚ ƒš•„‰Š‹‚•”• •Ž•„—’Š•†¬.

žƒ„Š”‡Š•†Š ‚ •Ÿ‡Ž€Ž•†¬ †”•–Š‹ƒš•”, €•‹ƒ†’Š•†¬ €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž ‡Š’†ƒ š ‹Ž”•“ •„†„•€Š ‰Š‡•šŠ‚Ž, ˜Žƒ„Žˆ†šŽŠƒ €•Œ•š•¤Š Ž‹•Š‚ƒ¤ ‰Š‡•šŠ‰Š‹‚•ˆ• ‹•–Š‹ƒš•šŽ•†—, •• •„† ©ƒ•” š•˜•†‚ŽŠƒ •Š•ŸŒ•€†”•‹ƒœ •”Š•†— „Ž‹••„—’Žƒœ‹— ©ƒ•“ ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒœ¬, •Š š‹ƒ••Ž— š •„•ƒ†š•„Š‰†— ‹ ‹•šŠ‹ƒœ¬, ƒ.Š. š••ƒ„Š••†”† •„Š€‹ƒŽš‡Š•†—”† • €•‡’••” † ‹•„ŽšŠ€‡†š•”.

¸„† „Ž‹‹”•ƒ„Š•†† †‹ƒ•„†‰Š‹‚•ˆ• Ž‹•Š‚ƒŽ š˜Ž†”•‹š—˜† €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž † ‡†‰••‹ƒ† š¤—š†‡†‹œ ••„Š€Š‡Š••¤Š ˜Ž‚•••”Š„••‹ƒ†: ©ƒ• ••šƒ•„—Š”•‹ƒœ ™†‚‡•š † ‹•‹ƒ•—•†“; †•ƒŠˆ„Ž™†— …•„” ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ†, ‹•‹ƒŽš‡—¬–†Œ €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚, † š ƒ• ’Š š„Š”— „•‹ƒ „Ž˜•••Ÿ„Ž˜†— ©ƒ†Œ …•„”, ‹Œ•€•¤“ •„•™Š‹‹ •„•†‹Œ•€†ƒ † š „Ž˜š†ƒ†† ƒ†••š ‡†‰••‹ƒ†. ž•–Š‹ƒš•¬ƒ ••„Š€Š‡Š••¤Š …•„”¤ ‹•Ÿ‹ƒšŠ•••‹ƒ† † ‹••ƒšŠƒ‹ƒš•¬–†Š †” ƒ†•¤ ‡†‰••‹ƒ†, ŒŽ„Ž‚ƒŠ„•¤Š €‡— ‚Ž’€•“ ©••Œ† (•„†”Š„: „•‹‹‚†“ •„Š€•„†•†”ŽƒŠ‡œ ‹‰†ƒŽ‡‹— š •Š€Žš•Š” •„•«‡•” Ž••”Ž‡†Š“, š •„•ƒ†š•šŠ‹ ‹Šˆ•€•—«•Š”• €•¬). ••Ž— ˜Ž‚•••”Š„••‹ƒ† š˜Ž†”•€Š“‹ƒš†— ©ƒ†Œ ‹†‹ƒŠ”, ”•’•• •„•ˆ••˜†„•šŽƒœ †Œ €Ž‡œ•Š“«ŠŠ „Ž˜š†ƒ†Š.

¸••—ƒ†Š €•‹ƒŽƒ‚Ž †˜”Š•—Šƒ‹— š ˜Žš†‹†”•‹ƒ† •ƒ ƒ•ˆ•, ‚Ž‚†Š •••—ƒ†— š¤€Š‡—¬ƒ‹— š •™Š••‰••” ‹•˜•Ž•†† ‚Ž‚ •Ÿ‡Ž€Ž¬–†Š ••‡Š˜••‹ƒœ¬, ™Š•••‹ƒœ¬. ²ƒ• ••˜š•‡—Šƒ ‹€Š‡Žƒœ š¤š•€ • ƒ•”, ‰ƒ• €•‹ƒŽƒ•‚ —š‡—Šƒ‹— ©š•‡¬™†••••“ ‚ŽƒŠˆ•„†Š“. ²š•‡¬™†••†„•— •• •Ž•„Žš‡Š•†¬ ‚