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²•˜‰“• ŠˆŠ“ˆ‰“Š™ 30 ˆ‡“™—ƒ™ 2006 •. „ ____ Ž•Šˆ„ ”• ›•ŠŒš•”‰‰ š‰ŠŠŒƒ“•¢‰ˆ””ˆ•ˆ Šˆ„Œ“• ¬ 212.162.03 ‚ƒ‰ €‰£Œ•ˆƒˆšŠ‡ˆ• •ˆŠ†š•ƒŠ“„Œ””ˆ•

•ƒ…‰“Œ‡“†ƒ”ˆ-Š“ƒˆ‰“Œ•³”ˆ• †”‰„ŒƒŠ‰“Œ“Œ ‚ˆ •šƒŒŠ†: 603022, •. €‰£”‰‘ €ˆ„•ˆƒˆš, †•. ž‰•‰ƒ™›Œ„•, š. 31, •†š. 215.

’ š‰ŠŠŒƒ“•¢‰Œ‘ •ˆ£”ˆ ˆ›”•‡ˆ•‰“³Š™ „ —‰—•‰ˆ“Œ‡Œ €‰£Œ•ˆƒˆšŠ‡ˆ•ˆ •ˆŠ†š•ƒŠ“„Œ””ˆ•ˆ •ƒ…‰“Œ‡“†ƒ”ˆ-Š“ƒˆ‰“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ †”‰„ŒƒŠ‰“Œ“•.

œ„“ˆƒŒ°Œƒ•“ ƒ•›ˆŠ••” ´__________µ ŠŒ”“™—ƒ™ 2006 •.

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…•²ƒ• ³ƒ•ƒ‰’••†ˆ’†‰ƒ •ƒ•…’´

ƒŸ¤™˜¥ª› ¦¤ª “Œ•± ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™. §ƒˆ—•Œ•• ƒ•›„‰“‰™ ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ‘ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒ± ‰ Š‚ˆƒ“•, Šˆ›š•”‰Œ †Š•ˆ„‰‘ š•™ „ˆŠ‚‰“•”‰™ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ŠŒ•š• —±•• ‚ƒŒš•Œ“ˆ• „”‰••”‰™ Š‚Œ¢‰••‰Š“ˆ„, ˆ—˜ŒŠ“„Œ””ˆŠ“‰ ‰ •ˆŠ†š•ƒŠ“„•. ’•ˆ£‰„¶•™Š™ „ ‚ˆŠ•Œš”‰Œ •ˆš± Šˆ¢‰••³”ˆ-·‡ˆ”ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡•™ Š‰“†•¢‰™ „ ŸˆŠŠ‰‰ „±„ˆš‰“ š•””†¸ ‚ƒˆ—•Œ•† ”• †ƒˆ„Œ”³ ‚Œƒ„ˆŠ“Œ‚Œ””ˆ‘ ›”•Ž‰•ˆŠ“‰.

••ŒŠ“Œ Š “Œ• ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰‘, ”•‚ƒ•„•Œ””±… ”Œ‚ˆŠƒŒšŠ“„Œ””ˆ ”• ‰›†ŽŒ”‰Œ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ „ •¸—‰“Œ•³Š‡ˆ• Š‚ˆƒ“Œ, ˆŠ“•Œ“Š™ ‡ƒ•‘”Œ •••ˆ. © ·“ˆ ”ŒŠ•ˆ“ƒ™ ”• “ˆ, Ž“ˆ „ †Š•ˆ„‰™… •ˆšŒƒ”‰›•¢‰‰ ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰™, ˆ“ƒ•£Œ””±… „ “•‡‰… ˆŠ”ˆ„”±… •ˆŠ†š•ƒŠ“„Œ””±… ‰ ‚ƒ•„‰“Œ•³Š“„Œ””±… šˆ‡†•Œ”“•…, ‡•‡: ²•‡ˆ” ŸˆŠŠ‰‘Š‡ˆ‘ ¡ŒšŒƒ•¢‰‰ ´–— ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰‰µ (1992), ²•‡ˆ” ŸˆŠŠ‰‘Š‡ˆ‘ ¡ŒšŒƒ•¢‰‰ ´– „±Š¶Œ• ‚ˆŠ•Œ„†›ˆ„Š‡ˆ• ‚ƒˆ°ŒŠŠ‰ˆ”••³”ˆ• ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰‰µ (1996); ´¬ˆ”¢Œ‚¢‰™ •ˆšŒƒ”‰›•¢‰‰ ƒˆŠŠ‰‘Š‡ˆ•ˆ ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰™µ ”• ‚Œƒ‰ˆš šˆ 2010 •ˆš• ‰ ´€•¢‰ˆ”••³”•™ šˆ‡“ƒ‰”• ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰™µ; ´¬ˆ”¢Œ‚¢‰™ ƒ•›„‰“‰™ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒ± ‰ Š‚ˆƒ“•µ ¤ „ ‡•ŽŒŠ“„Œ ‚ƒ‰ˆƒ‰“Œ“”±… ”•‚ƒ•„•Œ”‰‘ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ”±: °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ ŽŒƒŒ› ••ŠŠˆ„†¸ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡†¸ ‡†•³“†ƒ† ‰ ›šˆƒˆ„ˆ•ˆ ˆ—ƒ•›• £‰›”‰, ˆ›šˆƒˆ„•Œ”‰Œ ”•¢‰‰ ‰ „ˆŠ‚‰“•”‰Œ ‚ˆšƒ•Š“•¸˜Œ•ˆ ‚ˆ‡ˆ•Œ”‰™, „ “ˆ• Ž‰Š•Œ ŽŒƒŒ› ƒ•›„‰“‰Œ ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ‘ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒ±. • ·“‰… šˆ‡†•Œ”“•… ˆŠˆ—ˆ ‚ˆšŽŒƒ‡‰„•Œ“Š™, Ž“ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“, „ “ˆ• Ž‰Š•Œ ‰ ••ŠŠˆ„±‘, ™„•™Œ“Š™ •ˆ˜”±• Šˆ¢‰••³”±• °Œ”ˆ•Œ”ˆ• ‰ ›••ˆ•ˆ• †Š‚Œ¶”ˆ‘ Šˆ¢‰••‰›•¢‰‰ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰. §ƒ‰ ‚ƒ•„‰•³”ˆ‘ ˆƒ••”‰›•¢‰‰ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”•™ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“³ •ˆ£Œ“ Š“•“³ ‰ Š“•”ˆ„‰“Š™ Š‰•³”±• ·°°Œ‡“‰„”±• ŠƒŒšŠ“„ˆ• °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ Šˆ¢‰••³”ˆ‘ •‡“‰„”ˆŠ“‰ ‰ ›šˆƒˆ„ˆ•ˆ ˆ—ƒ•›• £‰›”‰.

–š”•‡ˆ ”• ŠŒ•ˆš”™¶”‰‘ šŒ”³ „ ŸˆŠŠ‰‰ ‡ ƒŒ•†•™ƒ”±• ›•”™“‰™• Š‚ˆƒ“ˆ• ‚ƒ‰„•ŒŽŒ”ˆ ”Œ —ˆ•ŒŒ 10 % ”•ŠŒ•Œ”‰™, “ˆ ŒŠ“³ „ ‚ˆ•”ˆ‘ •ŒƒŒ, ‡•‡ ŠŽ‰“•¸“ Š‚Œ¢‰••‰Š“± •.¬. ¥••³ŠŒ„‰Ž, €.€. •‰›‰“Œ‘, -.¹. •‰•Œ”Š‡‰‘, œ.•. ¬ˆ‡†ƒ‰”, •.¡. ¬†ƒ••¶‰”, •.œ. ¨Œ—ŒšŒ„, ¨.©. ¨†—±¶Œ„•, •ˆ˜”±‘ ‚ˆ“Œ”¢‰•• Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒ± ”Œ ‰Š‚ˆ•³›†Œ“Š™.

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2

©›†ŽŒ”‰Œ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ™„•™Œ“Š™ ˆš”ˆ‘ ‰› „•£”±… ‚ƒˆ—•Œ• „ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰‡Œ. ©›•Œ”Ž‰„ˆŠ“³, ‚ˆš„‰£”ˆŠ“³ ‰ ƒ•›”ˆˆ—ƒ•›‰Œ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ›•Ž•Š“†¸ ˆŽŒ”³ “ƒ†š”ˆ Š„ŒŠ“‰ ‡ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ””±• •Œ“ˆš•• „•‰™”‰™ ”• †Ž•˜‰…Š™ ‰ ‡ˆ••Œ‡“‰„, “•‡ ‡•‡ „ ƒ•›•‰Ž”±Œ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš± ˆ—†ŽŒ”‰™ ‰ šƒ†•ˆ‘ ‡•‡ˆ‘-•‰—ˆ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ •ƒ†‚‚± •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ”•…ˆš™“Š™ „ š‰”••‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ Š„™›‰ •Œ£š† Šˆ—ˆ‘, ŠˆŽŒ“•™Š³ Š••±• ƒ•›•‰Ž”±• ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ• „ ›•„‰Š‰•ˆŠ“‰ ˆ“ „ˆ›”‰‡•¸˜‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘. ¥ˆ•³¶ˆŒ ›”•ŽŒ”‰Œ ‚ƒ‰ ·“ˆ• ‰•ŒŒ“ ƒ•›”ˆŠ“ˆƒˆ””ŒŒ ‰ ••ƒ•ˆ”‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆŒ ƒ•›„‰“‰Œ ŽŒ•ˆ„Œ‡•, ‡„••‰°‰‡•¢‰™ ‰ Œ•ˆ „ˆ›ƒ•Š“. • “ˆ £Œ „ƒŒ•™ šˆ—±“±‘ ‚†“Œ• ”•‚ƒ™£Œ”‰™ †Ž‰“Œ•™ ‰ †ŽŒ”‰‡• (ŽŒƒŒ› „”Œ¶”¸¸ ‰ „”†“ƒŒ””¸¸ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰¸) †Š‚Œ… ‰•ŒŒ“ „•‰™”‰Œ ”Œ “ˆ•³‡ˆ ”• ‚ˆ•†ŽŒ””±‘ ƒŒ›†•³“•“, ”ˆ ‰ ‚ƒŒšŠ“•„•™Œ“ Šˆ—ˆ‘ Š„ˆŒ•ˆ ƒˆš• ‚ˆ›”•„•“Œ•³”†¸ ¢Œ””ˆŠ“³.

§ƒˆ—•Œ•Œ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ „ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰‡Œ ‚ˆŠ„™˜Œ”± ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™ “•‡‰… ‰›„ŒŠ“”±… †ŽŒ”±…, ‡•‡ ¨.©. ¥ˆ£ˆ„‰Ž, 1972; -. ¬•‰••”š (Mc. Clelland), 1972; œ.€. ¨Œˆ”“³Œ„, 1975; •.¬. ¥•—•”Š‡‰‘, 1982; œ.¬. -•ƒ‡ˆ„•, ž.œ. -•“‰Š, œ.¥. –ƒ•ˆ„, 1990; €.•. ¥ˆƒšˆ„Š‡•™, 2000, 2001; –.’. ªƒŒ—Œ”¸‡, ž.¥. ªƒŒ—Œ”¸‡, 2000; ©.§. §ˆš••Š±‘ 2000, 2004; ¨.œ. ªƒ‰•ˆƒˆ„‰Ž 2001, 2004; .œ. œ”‰Š‰•ˆ„, 2003, 2006; ž.ª. -•ƒ¢‰”‡ˆ„Š‡•™, 2003; ’.¨. •‰•••”, 2005; ‰ šƒ.

••ŒŠ“Œ Š “Œ• •”••‰› —ˆ•³¶ˆ•ˆ ‡ƒ†•• Š‚Œ¢‰••‰›‰ƒˆ„•””±… ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… ƒ•—ˆ“ ‚ˆ›„ˆ•™Œ“ •ˆ„ˆƒ‰“³ ˆ “ˆ•, Ž“ˆ ‚ƒŒš•Œ“ ´°‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡•™ ‡†•³“†ƒ•µ „ ƒ™š† šƒ†•‰… †ŽŒ—”±… ‚ƒŒš•Œ“ˆ„ ‰•ŒŒ“ “•‡‰Œ ˆŠˆ—Œ””ˆŠ“‰, ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±Œ …•ƒ•‡“Œƒ”± š•™ ˆ—ˆŠˆ—•Œ””ˆ‘ ˆ—••Š“‰ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ”•†‡‰. §ƒ‰ ·“ˆ• ˆŠˆ—Œ””ˆŠ“‰ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ „ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒŒ ‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Œ •Œ”ŒŒ ‰›†ŽŒ”± ‚ˆ Šƒ•„”Œ”‰¸, ”•‚ƒ‰•Œƒ, Š ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•‰Œ‘. ’ “ˆŽ‡‰ ›ƒŒ”‰™ ‚ƒ•‡“‰‡‰, ƒ†‡ˆ„ˆšŠ“„ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ• ‰•‰ ‡ˆ••”šˆ‘ •ˆ£‰“Š™ ”• ‚Œš••ˆ••-“ƒŒ”Œƒ•, ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰‘ •Š‚Œ‡“ ™„•™Œ“Š™ šˆ‚ˆ•”Œ”‰Œ• ‰, ‡•‡ ‚ƒ•„‰•ˆ, Œ•ˆ ƒŒ¶•Œ“ ‚Œš••ˆ•.

¬ƒˆ•Œ “ˆ•ˆ, —ˆ•³¶‰”Š“„ˆ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰‘ ‚ˆŠ„™˜Œ”± ‰›†ŽŒ”‰¸ •‡“†••‰›•¢‰‰ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ „ †Š•ˆ„‰™… ˆ—†ŽŒ”‰™ ‰ „ˆŠ‚‰“•”‰™, † Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ¤ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ‘ ‰ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ‘ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰, • “•‡£Œ ˆŠˆ—Œ””ˆŠ“™• •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ Š†—ºŒ‡“• ‡ ƒŒ•†•™ƒ”±• ›•”™“‰™• °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒˆ‘ ‰ Š‚ˆƒ“ˆ•.

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3

§ƒ‰ ·“ˆ• š‰”••‰‡• •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ „ ›•„‰Š‰•ˆŠ“‰ ˆ“ ƒŒ›†•³“•“•, šˆŠ“‰••Œ•ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”••‰ „ ‡ˆ”‡ƒŒ“”ˆ‘ „Š“ƒŒŽŒ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•, ‚ˆ‡• Œ˜Œ ”Œ ƒ•ŠŠ••“ƒ‰„•••Š³. •ˆ •”ˆ•ˆ• ·“ˆ ˆ—†Š•ˆ„•Œ”ˆ “Œ•, Ž“ˆ ˆ—˜Œ‚ƒ‰”™“±•‰ ™„•™¸“Š™ ‚ˆ•ˆ£Œ”‰™, †‡•›±„•¸˜‰Œ ”• ‚ˆ„±¶Œ”‰Œ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ „ Š•†Ž•Œ šˆŠ“‰£Œ”‰™ ‚ˆ•ˆ£‰“Œ•³”±… ƒŒ›†•³“•“ˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”ˆ‘ (ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ‘) šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰, ‰ ŒŒ Š”‰£Œ”‰Œ ¤ ‚ƒ‰ ˆ“ƒ‰¢•“Œ•³”±… ƒŒ›†•³“•“•….

–‡•›••‰Š³ “•‡£Œ ”ŒšˆŠ“•“ˆŽ”ˆ ‰›†ŽŒ””±•‰ „ˆ‚ƒˆŠ± °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”±… ‡ˆ••”š ‰ „•‰™”‰Œ ‡ˆ”‡ƒŒ“”±… ƒŒ›†•³“•“ˆ„ „±Š“†‚•Œ”‰‘ „ “ŒŽŒ”‰Œ š•‰“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš• ”• ‰… •ˆ“‰„•¢‰¸, Ž“ˆ „ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰š•… Š‚ˆƒ“• ™„•™Œ“Š™ ”•‰—ˆ•ŒŒ „•£”±• †Š•ˆ„‰Œ• šˆŠ“‰£Œ”‰™ ”Œˆ—…ˆš‰•ˆ•ˆ ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ•ˆ ƒŒ›†•³“•“•. §ƒ•‡“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰ ”Œ ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•••Š³ ‚ƒˆ—•Œ•• ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘, „ ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±… °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰š•… Š‚ˆƒ“• ‚ƒŒšŠ“•„•™Œ“Š™ ”•‰—ˆ•ŒŒ ·°°Œ‡“‰„”±•.

–—ƒ•˜•™Š³ ‡ ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰¸ š•””ˆ‘ ‚ƒˆ—•Œ•±, •± ‰Š…ˆš‰•‰ ‰› “ˆ•ˆ, Ž“ˆ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ‘ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ˆ“”ˆŠ‰“Š™ ‡ “ƒ†š”ˆ ˆŠˆ›”•„•Œ•ˆ‘ Š“ˆƒˆ”Œ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ ŽŒ•ˆ„Œ‡• ‰ ™„•™Œ“Š™ „•£”Œ‘¶‰• °•‡“ˆƒˆ• •‡“‰„‰›•¢‰‰ †Š‚Œ¶”±… „±Š“†‚•Œ”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„, ‚ƒŒšŠ“•„‰“Œ•Œ‘ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“•.

œ‡“†••³”ˆŠ“³ ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™ ‚ƒˆ—•Œ•± Šˆ›š•”‰™ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘, °ˆƒ•‰ƒ†¸˜‰… ‡ˆ••”š”†¸ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰¸ ‰ †ƒˆ„Œ”³ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰š•… ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“•, ˆ—†Š•ˆ„•Œ”• ”Œ “ˆ•³‡ˆ ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“™•‰ ˆ—˜ŒŠ“„•, ”ˆ ‰ ‰•Œ¸˜‰•‰, ”• ”•¶ „›••™š, •ŒŠ“ˆ „ Š°ŒƒŒ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒ±

-ž ¤£¡ ž•š£¯§£:

-•Œ£š† ›”•Ž‰•ˆŠ“³¸ ‰ŠŠ•Œš†Œ•ˆ‘ ‚ƒˆ—•Œ•± ‰ ”ŒšˆŠ“•“ˆŽ”ˆŠ“³¸ ŒŒ ƒ•›ƒ•—ˆ“•””ˆŠ“‰ „ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ “Œˆƒ‰‰;

-•Œ£š† ”Œˆ—…ˆš‰•ˆŠ“³¸ ‡•ŽŒŠ“„Œ””ˆ•ˆ †•†Ž¶Œ”‰™ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”ˆ‘ ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„‡‰ „ ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ• Š‚ˆƒ“Œ, †•†Ž¶Œ”‰Œ• †Š•ˆ„‰‘ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ•ˆ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ•

‰ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ‘ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ ‰ ˆ“Š†“Š“„‰Œ• ƒ•›ƒ•—ˆ“•””±… ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰…

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†Š•ˆ„‰‘ ‰ •Œ“ˆšˆ„, Š‚ˆŠˆ—Š“„†¸˜‰… °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰¸ ‰ †‚ƒ•„•Œ”‰¸ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“”ˆ‘ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰Œ‘;

- •Œ£š† „ˆ›ƒ•Š“•¸˜‰•‰ “ƒŒ—ˆ„•”‰™•‰ ‡ ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„‡Œ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ•ˆ ‰ ‚ƒˆ°ŒŠŠ‰ˆ”••³”ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“• ‰ ”‰›‡‰• †ƒˆ„”Œ• ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„•Œ””ˆŠ“‰ ‚Œš••ˆ•ˆ„-“ƒŒ”Œƒˆ„ ‡ ‚ƒˆ„ŒšŒ”‰¸ š•””±… ƒ•—ˆ“, ˆ“Š†“Š“„‰Œ• ŠƒŒšŠ“„ ‚ˆ„±¶Œ”‰™ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„.

µ•¥ª £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯ ¤ “ŒˆƒŒ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰ ˆ—ˆŠ”ˆ„•“³ ‰ ·‡Š‚Œƒ‰•Œ”“••³”ˆ ‚ƒˆ„Œƒ‰“³ ·°°Œ‡“‰„”ˆŠ“³ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘, ‚ƒ‰ ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±… °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ ‡ˆ••”š”±… „‰š•… ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“• „ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”±‘ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš Š‚ˆŠˆ—Š“„†Œ“ ‚ˆ„±¶Œ”‰¸ ƒŒ›†•³“•“‰„”ˆŠ“‰ „ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•”‰™….

…¶·•Ÿ¤ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯ ¤ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ - ‚ƒŒšŠ“•„‰“Œ•Œ‘ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ ••ŠŠˆ„ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“•.

€ž•¢§•¤ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯ ¤ Šˆ„ˆ‡†‚”ˆŠ“³ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ „ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ• ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠŒ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš• •¸—‰“Œ•³Š‡‰… ‡ˆ••”š.

„£- ¤•±˜ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯ ¤ ·°°Œ‡“‰„”ˆŠ“³ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ• °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ ‡ˆ••”š”±… ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰š•… Š‚ˆƒ“• •ˆ£Œ“ ˆ—ŒŠ‚ŒŽ‰„•“³Š™ ‚ƒ‰ ƒŒ••‰›•¢‰‰ Š•Œš†¸˜‰… ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘:

†ŽŒ—”ˆ-„ˆŠ‚‰“•“Œ•³”±‘ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ ‚ˆ °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„‡Œ ˆƒ••”‰›ˆ„•” ”• †ƒˆ„”Œ Š†—ºŒ‡“-Š†—ºŒ‡“”±… ˆ“”ˆ¶Œ”‰‘, ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±Œ Šˆ›š•¸“ ‚ƒŒš‚ˆŠ±•‡‰ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ † Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ Š••ˆŠ“ˆ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ ‰ ˆ“„Œ“Š“„Œ””ˆŠ“‰, •šŒ‡„•“”ˆ•ˆ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ ‰ •ˆ“ˆ„”ˆŠ“‰ ‡ “„ˆƒŽŒŠ‡ˆ•† Š••ˆƒ•›„‰“‰¸, Š••ˆŠˆ„Œƒ¶Œ”Š“„ˆ„•”‰¸;

Šˆ›š•”• ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ-„ˆŠ‚‰“•“Œ•³”•™ ŠƒŒš•, Š‚ˆŠˆ—Š“„†¸˜•™ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰¸ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”•, Š°ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”• •†••”‰Š“‰ŽŒŠ‡•™ ”•‚ƒ•„•Œ””ˆŠ“³ •Œ£•‰Ž”ˆŠ“”±… ˆ“”ˆ¶Œ”‰‘ „ ‡ˆ••”šŒ, ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±Œ ˆ—ŒŠ‚ŒŽ‰„•¸“ ƒ•„”±Œ „ˆ›•ˆ£”ˆŠ“‰ ƒ•›„‰“‰™ ‰ Š“•”ˆ„•Œ”‰™ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„, • “•‡£Œ ˆŠ†˜ŒŠ“„•™Œ“Š™ ¢Œ•Œ”•‚ƒ•„•Œ””•™ ‰ Š‰Š“Œ••“‰ŽŒŠ‡•™ ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•ˆ- ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡•™ ‚ˆššŒƒ£‡• ‡•£šˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”• Šˆ Š“ˆƒˆ”± “ƒŒ”Œƒ• ‰ ‡ˆ••”š±.

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5

“˜¢˜š£ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯:

1.Ÿ•Š‡ƒ±“³ “ŒˆƒŒ“‰‡ˆ-•Œ“ˆšˆ•ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ ˆŠ”ˆ„± °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ‘ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„.

2.©›†Ž‰“³ „•‰™”‰Œ ƒŒ›†•³“•“• ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•”‰™ ”• ˆ—˜Œ‡ˆ••”š”±‘

†ƒˆ„Œ”³ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„.

3.•±™„‰“³ ›•„‰Š‰•ˆŠ“³ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰, ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ ‰ ƒŒ›†•³“•“• „ ‡ˆ••”š”±… ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰š•… •¸—‰“Œ•³Š‡ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆƒ“•.

4.–‚ƒŒšŒ•‰“³ ‰ •‚ƒˆ—‰ƒˆ„•“³ ‡ˆ•‚•Œ‡Š ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ”• ˆŠ”ˆ„Œ •Œ“ˆš• ´„•ƒ³‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ ƒŒ›†•³“•“ˆ„µ „ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ• ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠŒ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•.

••¤ ¢ ¥ ¨£š•¦Ÿ™¸ ¦› ¡™ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯ ŠˆŠ“•„•™¸“ Šˆ„ƒŒ•Œ””±Œ

‡ˆ”¢Œ‚¢‰‰ •†••”‰›•¢‰‰ ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰™, †ŽŒ”‰Œ ˆ š‰••Œ‡“‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ „›•‰•ˆŠ„™›‰

“Œˆƒ‰‰ ‰ ‚ƒ•‡“‰‡‰, °‰•ˆŠˆ°Š‡‰Œ ‰ ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•ˆ-‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ ‚ˆ•ˆ£Œ”‰™ ˆ

ƒ•›„‰“‰‰ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ ‡•‡ •”ˆ•ˆ°•‡“ˆƒ”ˆ•ˆ ™„•Œ”‰™, ˆ „Œš†˜Œ‘ ƒˆ•‰ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰

„ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰‰ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”•.

’• ž•¤£š•¦Ÿ™¸ ¦› ¡™ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯ ŠˆŠ“•„‰•‰ ‰šŒ‰ Š‰Š“Œ•”ˆ•ˆ ‚ˆš…ˆš• ‡ ‰›†ŽŒ”‰¸ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘ ˆ—†ŽŒ”‰™ ‰ „ˆŠ‚‰“•”‰™

(•.¬. ¥•—•”Š‡‰‘, ¥.ž. ¨‰…•ŽŒ„, ¨.©. €ˆ„‰‡ˆ„•, •.œ. ’••Š“Œ”‰”, ©.¡. »•ƒ•••ˆ„

–.œ. -•ƒ‡‰™”ˆ„, Ÿ.œ. §‰•ˆ™”, œ.¼. §†”‰, œ.•. Ÿˆš‰ˆ”ˆ„, §.œ. Ÿ†š‰‡, ©.œ. ’ˆ•ˆ„³Œ„,

•.©. žƒˆ‚”‰‡ˆ„, œ.•. ½•—ˆ•“•Š ‰ šƒ.); Šˆ¢‰••‰›•¢‰‰ ‰ ƒ•›„‰“‰™ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”• „ “Œˆƒ‰‰ ‰ •Œ“ˆš‰‡Œ Š‚ˆƒ“• (¥.œ. œ¶••ƒ‰”, œ.œ. ª†£••ˆ„‡‰‘,

¨.§. -•“„ŒŒ„, ª.ª. €•“••ˆ„, €.©. §ˆ”ˆ••ƒŒ„, ‹.¬. »ˆ•ˆšˆ„, •.’. ¬†›”Œ¢ˆ„, ‰ šƒ.); •Œ“ˆš‰‡‰ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ•ˆ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ• (œ.©. §³™”›‰”, œ.•. Ÿˆš‰ˆ”ˆ„, ‹.¬. »ˆ•ˆšˆ„, •.’. ¬†›”Œ¢ˆ„ ‰ šƒ.), ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•ˆ-‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ †Š•ˆ„‰™ †‚ƒ•„•Œ”‰™ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”ˆ‘ ‡ˆ••”šˆ‘ (œ.•. -••³Ž‰‡ˆ„, œ.¼. §†”‰, ©.œ. ¡†ƒ••”ˆ„ ‰ šƒ.).

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6

«•™ ƒŒ¶Œ”‰™ ‚ˆŠ“•„•Œ””±… ›•š•Ž ‰Š‚ˆ•³›ˆ„•” Ÿ §-¥•Ÿ¦ §•¤ ¢ ¡ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯: “ŒˆƒŒ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰‘ •”••‰› ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘, ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‰ †ŽŒ—”ˆ-•Œ“ˆš‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ •‰“Œƒ•“†ƒ±; •”‡Œ“‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ; ˆ‚ƒˆŠ; —ŒŠŒš•; ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆŒ ”•—•¸šŒ”‰Œ; ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰‘ ·‡Š‚Œƒ‰•Œ”“; •Œ“ˆš±

••“Œ••“‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ Š“•“‰Š“‰‡‰.

€ ›¯¤£©› -Ÿ˜¤•¨ ž£˜¥ª›œ© ˜--˜ž˜¤ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯. ¬•¸ŽŒ„±•‰ ‡•“Œ•ˆƒ‰™•‰ ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™ ™„•™¸“Š™:

€•‚ƒ„…†‡: ˆ„‰Š•‰„‹Œƒ•• Ž ˆ—ºŒ‡“‰„”±‘ ‰ ›•‡ˆ”ˆ•Œƒ”±‘ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ, „ …ˆšŒ ‡ˆ“ˆƒˆ•ˆ ŽŒ•ˆ„Œ‡ „±Š“†‚•Œ“ ”Œ “ˆ•³‡ˆ ‡•‡ ˆ—ºŒ‡“ „ˆ›šŒ‘Š“„‰™, ”ˆ ‰ ‡•‡ Š†—ºŒ‡“ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ ‰ ˆ—˜Œ”‰™. ¡ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ ¤ ·“ˆ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ ˆŠ„ˆŒ”‰™ Š‚Œ¢‰••³”ˆ‘ Š°Œƒ± ˆ—˜ŒŠ“„Œ””ˆ•ˆ ˆ‚±“•, ”ˆ Šˆ„Œƒ¶Œ””ˆ ˆŠˆ—±‘, ˆ“•‰Ž”±‘ ˆ“ ˆŠ„ˆŒ”‰™ ›”•”‰‘, †•Œ”‰‘ ‰ ”•„±‡ˆ„. • ƒŒ›†•³“•“Œ ·“ˆ•ˆ ˆŠ„ˆŒ”‰™ ‚ƒˆ‰Š…ˆš‰“ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰Œ ”ˆ„±… •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“Œ‘, ‰… ‚ƒŒˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰Œ ‰ Šˆ‚ˆšŽ‰”Œ”‰Œ (’.•. ªˆ•ˆ„‰”)

•„†•‹Œ••‘ ¤ Š•ˆ£”±‘ ‚Š‰…‰ŽŒŠ‡‰‘ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰™ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ””ˆ•ˆ •ˆ“‰„•. Œ ŠˆŠ“•„•™¸“ ‚ˆ—†£šŒ”‰™, „±›±„•¸˜‰Œ •‡“‰„”ˆŠ“³ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ ‰ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•™¸˜‰Œ ŒŒ ”•‚ƒ•„•Œ””ˆŠ“³. • ¶‰ƒˆ‡ˆ• Š•±Š•Œ “Œƒ•‰” ‚ˆ•³›†Œ“Š™ „ˆ „ŠŒ… ˆ—••Š“™… ‚Š‰…ˆ•ˆ•‰‰, ‰ŠŠ•Œš†¸˜‰… ‚ƒ‰Ž‰”± ‰ •Œ…•”‰›•± ¢Œ•Œ”•‚ƒ•„•Œ””ˆ•ˆ ‚ˆ„ŒšŒ”‰™ ŽŒ•ˆ„Œ‡• ( .§. ©•³‰”).

’‰„‹•ƒ‡ “‰•†‘”Œƒ•• ¤ ‚ˆ”™“‰Œ, „„ŒšŒ””ˆŒ ¬. ¨Œ„‰”ˆ• š•™ ˆ—ˆ›”•ŽŒ”‰™ Š“ƒŒ••Œ”‰™ ‰”š‰„‰š• ‡ ¢Œ•‰ “•‡ˆ‘ Š•ˆ£”ˆŠ“‰, ‡ˆ“ˆƒ•™, ‚ˆ Œ•ˆ •”Œ”‰¸, Šˆˆ“„Œ“Š“„†Œ“ Œ•ˆ Š‚ˆŠˆ—”ˆŠ“™•. ’ˆˆ“„Œ“Š“„†Œ“ šˆŠ“‰£Œ”‰™• „ “ˆ• ‰•‰ ‰”ˆ• „‰šŒ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ ‰ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ””ˆ‘ Š°ŒƒŒ ˆ—˜Œ”‰™, ”• ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±Œ ƒ•ŠŠŽ‰“±„•Œ“ ŽŒ•ˆ„Œ‡ ‚ƒ‰ ˆ¢Œ”‡Œ Š„ˆ‰… Š‚ˆŠˆ—”ˆŠ“Œ‘ ‰ „ˆ›•ˆ£”ˆŠ“Œ‘.

»•ƒ•‡“Œƒ‰›†Œ“: 1) †ƒˆ„Œ”³ “ƒ†š”ˆŠ“‰, šˆŠ“‰£Œ”‰Œ ‡ˆ“ˆƒˆ•ˆ ™„•™Œ“Š™ ˆ—˜Œ‘ ¢Œ•³¸ ŠŒƒ‰‰ —†š†˜‰… šŒ‘Š“„‰‘ ¤ ‰šŒ••³”†¸ ¢Œ•³; 2) „±—ˆƒ Š†—ºŒ‡“ˆ• ¢Œ•‰ ˆŽŒƒŒš”ˆ•ˆ šŒ‘Š“„‰™, °ˆƒ•‰ƒ†¸˜Œ‘Š™ „ ƒŒ›†•³“•“Œ ‚ŒƒŒ£‰„•”‰™ †Š‚Œ…• ‰•‰ ”Œ†Š‚Œ…• ƒ™š• ‚ƒˆ¶•±… šŒ‘Š“„‰‘, ¤ †ƒˆ„Œ”³ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ „ š•””±‘ •ˆ•Œ”“; 3) £Œ••Œ•±‘ †ƒˆ„Œ”³ Š••ˆˆ¢Œ”‡‰ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰ ¤

†ƒˆ„Œ”³ ´¹µ. ¾“ˆ ˆ—ƒ•›ˆ„•”‰Œ “ŒŠ”ˆ Š„™›•”ˆ Š Š••ˆˆ¢Œ”‡ˆ‘ •‰Ž”ˆŠ“‰,

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°ˆƒ•‰ƒ†Œ“Š™ ‚ˆš „•‰™”‰Œ• Š†—ºŒ‡“‰„”±… ‚ŒƒŒ£‰„•”‰‘ †Š‚Œ…• ‰•‰ ”Œ†Š‚Œ…• „ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ (’.•. ªˆ•ˆ„‰”).

•„†•‹Œ••‘ –‚•—ƒ„-˜•”™–š‡†–‰ƒ„• • …“„‰†•‹ƒ„• ›•‘†•š‡ƒ„…†• „±“Œ‡•Œ“ ‰› ƒ•›•‰Ž”±… ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“Œ‘, ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±Œ œ.¼. §†”‰ (1984) ƒ•›šŒ•‰• ”• “ƒ‰ •ƒ†‚‚±: 1) ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“³ „ š„‰£Œ”‰‰, 2) ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“³ „±‚ˆ•”Œ”‰™ ˆ—™›•””ˆŠ“Œ‘ †Ž•˜Œ•ˆŠ™ ‰ 3) ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“³ „ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”ˆ‘ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰. §ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“³ „ š„‰£Œ”‰‰ ™„•™Œ“Š™ —•›ˆ„ˆ‘, „ƒˆ£šŒ””ˆ‘ ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“³¸ ŽŒ•ˆ„Œ‡• ‰ £‰„ˆ“”±…. ® ƒ•›”±… ‰”š‰„‰šˆ„ ·“• ‚ˆ“ƒŒ—”ˆŠ“³ „±ƒ•£Œ”• ‚ˆ-ƒ•›”ˆ•† ‰ ›•„‰Š‰“ ‡•‡ ˆ“ •Œ”Œ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰…, “•‡ ‰ Šˆ¢‰••³”±… °•‡“ˆƒˆ„ ( .§. ©•³‰”).

’“‰Œ‹š•ƒ•• †‰•ƒ•‰„‹„‚ƒœŠ “‰„••……„Š ¤ „•£”Œ‘¶•™ °†”‡¢‰™ “ƒŒ”Œƒ• „ •”ˆ•ˆ•Œ“”Œ‘ ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„‡Œ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ‰•‰ ‡ˆ••”š± ƒ•›•‰Ž”ˆ‘ ‡„••‰°‰‡•¢‰‰, ˆ—ŒŠ‚ŒŽ‰„•¸˜•™ ƒŒ••‰›•¢‰¸ ¢Œ•Œ‘ ‰ ‚ƒˆ•ƒ••• ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„‡‰, ‡ˆ“ˆƒ•™ „‡•¸Ž•Œ“ Š—ˆƒ ‰”°ˆƒ••¢‰‰ ˆ ŠˆŠ“ˆ™”‰‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”• ‚ˆ ‚ˆ‡•›•“Œ•™• °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘, “Œ…”‰‡ˆ-“•‡“‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‰ ‚Š‰…‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„•Œ””ˆŠ“‰ ‡ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ‘ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰, ‚ƒ‰”™“‰Œ ‰ ƒŒ••‰›•¢‰¸ ƒŒ¶Œ”‰‘, ˆ—ŒŠ‚ŒŽ‰„•¸˜‰… šˆŠ“‰£Œ”‰™ ‚••”‰ƒ†Œ•ˆ•ˆ ·°°Œ‡“• “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ‘ ‰ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ‘ šŒ™“Œ•³”ˆŠ“‰ (¨.§. -•“„ŒŒ„).

‘˜™š›˜¯ › ¡£±›˜ ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™:

Ÿ•Š‡ƒ±“± “ŒˆƒŒ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ ˆŠ”ˆ„± °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ‘ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“• „ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”±‘ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš Š †ŽŒ“ˆ• ƒŒ›†•³“•“• šˆŠ“‰••Œ•ˆ•ˆ „ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•”‰™…;

ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ”• Šˆ„ˆ‡†‚”ˆŠ“³ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰… †Š•ˆ„‰‘ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ• ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠŒ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš• •¸—‰“Œ•³Š‡‰… ‡ˆ••”š ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“•;

ƒ•›ƒ•—ˆ“•”• “Œ…”ˆ•ˆ•‰™ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ”‰™ ˆ—˜Œ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ•ˆ †ƒˆ„”™ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„;

„±™„•Œ”• ›•„‰Š‰•ˆŠ“³ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ¤ ‚ƒŒšŠ“•„‰“Œ•Œ‘ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“• ˆ“ ƒŒ›†•³“•“ˆ„ ”• ‚ƒˆ“™£Œ”‰‰ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•.

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’• ž•¤£š•¦Ÿ˜¯ ±›˜š£§ ¦¤ª ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™ ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•™Œ“Š™ Œ•ˆ „‡••šˆ• „ †••†—•Œ”‰Œ ˆŠ”ˆ„ †‚ƒ•„•Œ”‰™ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰Œ‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ‡ˆ••”š”±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“• „ “ŒŽŒ”‰Œ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•; „ ”•†Ž”±‘ ˆ—ˆƒˆ“ „„ŒšŒ” “Œƒ•‰” ´ˆ—˜Œ‡ˆ••”š”±‘ †ƒˆ„Œ”³ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰µ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ‡ˆ••”š”±… ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“•; “ŒˆƒŒ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰ ˆ—ˆŠ”ˆ„•” ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”±‘ •Œ“ˆš ´„•ƒ³‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ ƒŒ›†•³“•“ˆ„µ „ “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”ˆ• ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠŒ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•; ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•Œ”± ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ †Š•ˆ„‰™, Š‚ˆŠˆ—Š“„†¸˜‰Œ ·°°Œ‡“‰„”ˆŠ“‰ ‚ƒˆ¢ŒŠŠ• °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ „ ‡ˆ••”š”±… „‰š•… Š‚ˆƒ“•.

€ž˜Ÿ¤£š•¦Ÿ˜¯ ±›˜š£§ ¦¤ª ›•‡•¸Ž•Œ“Š™ „ “ˆ•, Ž“ˆ ŠˆšŒƒ£•˜‰ŒŠ™ „ ”Œ• “ŒˆƒŒ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ ‚ˆ•ˆ£Œ”‰™ ‰ „±„ˆš± Šˆ›š•¸“ ƒŒ••³”±Œ ‚ƒŒš‚ˆŠ±•‡‰ š•™ Šˆ›š•”‰™ —ˆ•ŒŒ ·°°Œ‡“‰„”ˆ‘ •ˆšŒ•‰ †‚ƒ•„•Œ”‰™ ‰ °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„•”‰™ ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ‘ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ‰ †ƒˆ„”™ ‚ƒ‰“™›•”‰‘ Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ‰•ƒˆ„±… „‰šˆ„ Š‚ˆƒ“• ”• —•‰£•‘¶ŒŒ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•”‰Œ ‰ Šˆ…ƒ•”Œ”‰Œ „±Šˆ‡ˆ•ˆ ˆ—˜Œ‡ˆ••”š”ˆ•ˆ †ƒˆ„”™ •ˆ“‰„•¢‰‰ ”• “ƒŒ”‰ƒˆ„ˆŽ”±… ›•”™“‰™… “ŒŽŒ”‰Œ „ŠŒ•ˆ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•. Ÿ•›ƒ•—ˆ“•””±Œ ‚ƒ•‡“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰Œ ƒŒ‡ˆ•Œ”š•¢‰‰ •ˆ•†“ ‚ƒ‰•Œ”™“³Š™ ‚Œš••ˆ•••‰-“ƒŒ”Œƒ••‰ ‰ šƒ†•‰•‰ Š‚Œ¢‰••‰Š“••‰ ‚ƒ‰ ‚ˆš•ˆ“ˆ„‡Œ Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”±… ‡ˆ••”š „ “ŒŽŒ”‰Œ ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•“Œ•³”ˆ•ˆ ‚Œƒ‰ˆš•.

…-œ¤› -¹Ÿ¦-•ž£§•›¤˜¥ª›˜¯ ¶˜±˜ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯. ©ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰Œ ‚ƒˆ„ˆš‰•ˆŠ³ ”• —•›Œ °•‡†•³“Œ“• °‰›‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ‘ ‡†•³“†ƒ± €‰£Œ•ˆƒˆšŠ‡ˆ•ˆ •ˆŠ†š•ƒŠ“„Œ””ˆ•ˆ ‚Œš••ˆ•‰ŽŒŠ‡ˆ•ˆ †”‰„ŒƒŠ‰“Œ“•, Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”ˆ•ˆ ˆ—˜ŒŠ“„• ´-ˆ“ˆƒµ •. ²•„ˆ•£³™. • ·‡Š‚Œƒ‰•Œ”“Œ ‚ƒ‰”™•‰ †Ž•Š“‰Œ 7 Š‚ˆƒ“‰„”±… ‡ˆ••”š, „ ‡ˆ“ˆƒ±… ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„••ˆŠ³ —ˆ•ŒŒ 100 Š‚ˆƒ“Š•Œ”ˆ„ ‰ 7 ‚Œš••ˆ•ˆ„-“ƒŒ”Œƒˆ„. ©ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰Œ ˆŠ†˜ŒŠ“„•™•ˆŠ³ „ “ƒ‰ „›•‰•ˆŠ„™›•””±… ·“•‚•.

…¦› ¡›œ• ¹¤˜-œ £¦¦¥•¢ ¡˜›£¯. €• ‚Œƒ„ˆ• ·“•‚Œ (2001-2003 ••.) ˆŠ†˜ŒŠ“„•™•Š™ “ŒˆƒŒ“‰ŽŒŠ‡‰‘ •”••‰› ‰ ˆ—ˆ—˜Œ”‰Œ •‰“Œƒ•“†ƒ”±… ‰Š“ˆŽ”‰‡ˆ„ ‚ˆ “Œ•Œ š‰ŠŠŒƒ“•¢‰‰, °ˆƒ•‰ƒˆ„••‰Š³ ‚ƒˆ—•Œ•• ‰ •‰‚ˆ“Œ›• ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™, ˆ‚ƒŒšŒ•™••Š³ •Œ“ˆšˆ•ˆ•‰™ ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•”‰™, ‚ƒˆ„ˆš‰•‰Š³ —ŒŠŒš± Š “ƒŒ”Œƒ••‰ ‰ Š‚Œ¢‰••‰Š“••‰ „ ˆ—••Š“‰ Š‚ˆƒ“•; ‰ŠŠ•Œšˆ„•••Š³ ‚ƒŒ‰•†˜ŒŠ“„Œ””•™ š‰”••‰‡• •ˆ“‰„ˆ„ ·‡Š‚Œƒ‰•Œ”“••³”ˆ‘ ‡ˆ••”š± „ ›•„‰Š‰•ˆŠ“‰ ˆ“ ƒŒ›†•³“•“ˆ„ „±Š“†‚•Œ”‰™ ”• ŠˆƒŒ„”ˆ„•”‰™….