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Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɩɚɩɤɢ-ɫɤɨɪɨɫɲɢɜɚɬɟɥɹ. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɗɌ. Ɇɚɤɪɨɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ (ɦɚɤɪɨɫ) — ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɗɌ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ; ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ (ɲɚɩɤɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ); ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ). ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɌ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
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ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɗɌ; |
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ɜɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɮ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ; |
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ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ; |
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ɜɜɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ; |
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ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɌ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ; |
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ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ. |
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4.6. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɮɢɫɨɜ |
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ȼ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɮɢɫɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ |
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ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ |
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ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɋɍȻȾ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɧɢɯ, ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶНɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɟ |
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ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ). Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ |
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ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ |
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ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ. |
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ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ: |
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Borland Office for Windows ɮɢɪɦɵ Novell (ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Corel Office). |
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SmartSuite ɮɢɪɦɵ Lotus Development (ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ IBM). |
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Microsoft Office ɮɢɪɦɵ Microsoft. |
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ɋɚɦɵɦ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯиɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ |
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Microsoft Office. |
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ɋɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ Microsoft Office 97 ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ |
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ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. |
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ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ Microsoft Office 97 ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. |
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Office Assistant.. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ Microsoft Office 97 ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ |
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ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɜ ɧɨɜɭɸтɜɟɪɫɢɸ Microsoft Office ɛɵɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ — |
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Office Assistant. |
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Ɉɧ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ |
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ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ |
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ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. |
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Office Art. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɟɬɪɢɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ Office Art. ɋ ɟɝɨ |
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е |
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ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ, ɬɟɧɢ, |
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ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɫɢ, ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ |
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ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. |
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ɇɨɜɵɟпɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ Microsoft Office 97 ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ |
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ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ Microsoft Office ɜɟɪɫɢɣ |
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95 ɢ 4.ɯ. ȼ Microsoft Office 97 ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ |
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ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ) ɤɚɤ Office Art ɢɥɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ. |
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Office Binder. ȿɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜ |
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ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɢɥɢ |
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ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ Office Binder ɨɬɱɟɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Word, |
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ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ Excel ɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ Power Point. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ |
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ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ — ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ Office Binder. |
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Microsoft Outlook — ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ. Ɉɧ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ |
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ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɬɚ; ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɟ |
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ; |
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52
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ (ɤɧɢɝɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ); ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ; ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ:
• ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ. ȼɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɢ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ.
• Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɬɵ. Outlook ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɟ
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ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɬɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ |
ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ») ɜ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ («1 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ |
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1998»). |
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• Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɢɦɟɧ. Outlook ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɨɝɨ |
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ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ. ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ |
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ɥɢɧɢɟɣ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɢ |
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ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭ. |
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• Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ. Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
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(ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɜɨɧɤɢ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ), ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ. |
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• Ɏɥɚɠɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɚɠɧɨɦɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ, ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ |
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ɩɨɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɮɥɚɠɤɨɦ. ȼ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, |
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ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ |
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ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. |
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• Ɉɬɡɵɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɨɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, |
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ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶ |
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ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ. |
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• Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ. ɂɡ Outlook ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ (ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ |
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ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ), ɩɨɫɥɚɬɶ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɮɚɤɫ, ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ. |
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Outlook ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɦ. |
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4.7. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, |
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ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɋɍȻȾ). ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɋɍȻȾ ɥɸɛɨɣ |
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ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɵ ȻȾ, ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ, |
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ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ |
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ɋɍȻȾ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ.. |
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɋɍȻȾ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ dBASE, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɧɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ |
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FoxBase, FoxPro, Paradox, SQL, R:base, Clipper, Oracle ɢ ɞɪ. |
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ɋɍȻȾ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬзиɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ: |
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ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɚɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɚ» ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ; ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ |
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ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ; |
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ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ |
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Ре |
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ɋɍȻȾ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ; |
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ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɣ |
ɹɡɵɤ ɋɍȻȾ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ |
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Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɋɍȻȾ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɗȼɆ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɫ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ.
ɍɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɋɍȻȾ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ — ɷɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɋɍȻȾ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɧɸ, ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
53
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɋɍȻȾ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɋɍȻȾ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɋɍȻȾ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɤ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ. |
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ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦɢ |
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ |
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ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
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ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɪɨɫɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɱɢɫɟɥ |
ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɧɟ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ |
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ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɦɢ |
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, |
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦɢ, |
ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ.
Ȼɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼ |
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ |
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɋɍȻȾ. |
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ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ |
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ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ WWW (World WideНWeb) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ |
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ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ Internet. |
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ɇɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Internet ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ |
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ɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ |
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ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ȻɧȾ, WWW — ɷɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ (ɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ ɩɚɭɬɢɧɚ), ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ |
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ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɭɡɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. |
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ɇɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɬɶйɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ |
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ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȻɧȾ. |
иɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ |
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о |
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Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɋɍȻȾ — |
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ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ. |
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ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɋɍȻȾ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ |
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ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɬɤɨɝɨ |
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ |
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ |
ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɟɣ. ɉɨɞ |
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ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɟɥɢɦɚɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ).
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Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ |
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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɚɡɢɫ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯи |
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɷɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ. |
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ɋɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ |
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з |
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ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɛɚɡɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ |
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ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ |
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ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵо, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ. |
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Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɋɍȻȾ, |
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ |
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п |
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ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ. |
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Ȼɚɡɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ, |
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е |
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ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ) ɋɍȻȾ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ «ɤɥɢɟɧɬ — ɫɟɪɜɟɪ», ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. |
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ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɋɍȻȾ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. Ɉɧɢ |
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ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɭ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ — ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, |
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Р |
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɟɦ |
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ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ʉ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɋɍȻȾ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ Oracle, SyBase, Informix, Ingres, Progress. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɛɚɡɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
54
ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ.
ɇɨɜɟɣɲɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɪɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɋɍȻȾ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɬɢɪɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɍɢɪɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ |
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ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. |
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У |
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ |
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ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɹ ɭɡɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɹɫɶ |
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ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. |
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ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ |
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ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟɫɹ |
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ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɋɍȻȾ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚ- |
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ɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɲɥɸɡɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ |
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ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟТɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ODBC - ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ (Open DataBase Connectivity, |
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ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɪɦɨɣ Microsoft), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ |
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ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɋɍȻȾ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, Нɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ |
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ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ODBC, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ |
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. |
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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɍȻȾ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜ |
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ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɋɍȻȾ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ |
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ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɗɬɨ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟйɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ |
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ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ CASE-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ |
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о |
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ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹиɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ |
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ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ SQL-ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. |
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т |
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Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ. ɗɬɨ |
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ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɭ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. |
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4.8. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ |
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ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɟɠɢɬ |
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ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ — ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ. |
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ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ — ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. |
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ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ |
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ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜзɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ. |
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е |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ (ɛɚɡɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ), |
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. |
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ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ |
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: |
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ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ, |
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ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ; |
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ |
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ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ; |
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, |
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ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɥɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ. |
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ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɷɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
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ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɹɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ - ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ;
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɚɸɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɲɢɛɚɬɶɫɹ, ɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Уɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ;Тɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚɯɢɦɢɹɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɚНɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɦɟɬɚɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɠɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨБɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɩɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶйɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ, ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶиɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ FOLIO (ɋɬɟɧɮɨɪɞɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ) ɋɒȺ) ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚɦ
ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢоɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ.
ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ-ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ |
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ɭɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ |
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ |
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ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ, ɨɫɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ. ɍ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣоɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɛɚɡɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɭɸпɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ: |
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ɇɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ-ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ е(ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ), ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚ ɜɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ.
Р4.9. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɄ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɧȺɂɋɳɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ȼ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. 1. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ «ɤɥɢɟɧɬ — ɫɟɪɜɟɪ».
2. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ.
3. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɄ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ — ɷɬɨ «ɤɥɢɟɧɬ — ɫɟɪɜɟɪ». Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɉɄ ɜ
ɫɟɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ (ɬɚɤɢɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ, ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɩɨɱɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ, ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ), ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɉɄ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɢ. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ
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ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ, ɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ, ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɦ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, — ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ; ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ — ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɣɥ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɢ ɬɞ.
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ «ɤɥɢɟɧɬ — ɫɟɪɜɟɪ», ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ — ɷɬɨ ɜɜɨɞ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ «ɤɥɢɟɧɬ —Уɫɟɪɜɟɪ»:
1.ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ (Remote Data Access RDA); Т
2.ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (DateBase Server — DBS);
3.ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ (Application Server - AS). Н
ȼRDA-ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ-ɤɥɢɟɧɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȾɨɫɬɭɩБɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ SQL, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɛɚɡɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɥɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɚɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ. Ɂɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɪɢɫ. 4.1).
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Ɋɢɫ. 4.1. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ |
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DBS-ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ- |
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ɤɥɢɟɧɬɟ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ |
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ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɯ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ |
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ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢт |
ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ - ɹɞɪɭ ɋɍȻȾ (ɪɢɫ. 4.2). |
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Ɋɢɫ. 4.2. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ |
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ȼ AS-ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ-ɤɥɢɟɧɬɟ, ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ |
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еɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬ. ɟ. ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ |
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ |
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ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ (ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɢɥɢ |
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ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ). Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ |
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Рɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ RDA-ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ |
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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ — ɛɚɡɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɧɞɟɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɮɚɣɥɚɦ, ɨɱɟɪɟɞɹɦ ɢ ɞɪ. RDA- ɢ DBS-ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɩɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯɡɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. ȼ AS-ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɪɟɯɡɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ (ɪɢɫ. 4.3).
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ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɢɛɤɨɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɦ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ.
• Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ Internet - SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ. SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ Internet, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɦɵ. SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ — ɷɬɨУɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɊɊɊ — ɷɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɟ ɠɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢ SLIP. ɊɊɊ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɟɟ ɫɜɨɟɸ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɟɬ SLIP. SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɤ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ Internet. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ SLIP ɢɥɢ ɊɊɊ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɚɧɫɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ Internet.
SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣНɫɟɬɢ Тɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣ (ɞɨ 5 ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ) ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
SLIP - ɷɬɨ ɜɵɛɨɪ «ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɵ». Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ UUNET ɢɥɢ Relcom, ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 250 ɞɨɥɥ. ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ SLIPɢɥɢ ɊɊɊ-ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
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• Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ «ɩɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɭ» (Dial-up Access). ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ — ɫɚɦɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ Internet ɞɥɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɱɭɠɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
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Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ. |
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• Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɢɹɦйɱɟɪɟɡ UNIX, UUCP. ȼɫɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ UNIX |
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ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ UUCP, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ |
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ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɢɹɦ. UUCP - ɷɬɨи, ɤɚɤ SLIP ɢ ɊɊɊ, ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, |
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ɧɨ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ |
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ɷɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. UUCP ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. |
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ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɨɣ ɢ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ |
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ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɤ Internet. ȿɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ |
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ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ Internet, ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ. UUCP ɲɢɪɨɤɨ |
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ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ UUCP ɢ ɦɨɞɟɦ. |
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• Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ |
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ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɧɥɚɣɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ DELPHI ɢ BIX. DELPHI ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ |
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ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩиɤ Internet, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɱɬɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ |
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ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ |
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ɨɧɥɚɣɧɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɜ Internet ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɥɭɝ. |
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ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɲɥɸɡɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ |
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ɜɫɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦоInternet. |
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ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɨɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ |
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ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɬɚ ɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɮɢɫɚ ɨɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ.
Ʉ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
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Ʉɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɱɬɨɣ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ, ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ: ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ; ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ; ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ; ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ; ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɨɫɵɥɚɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɭ; ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ; ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ. Ʉ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ, |
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ɩɟɪɟɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ, ɚɪɯɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ, ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ |
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ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɚɩɤɚɦɢ, |
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ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ |
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ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɱɬɭ. |
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4.10. ɇɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɨУɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ |
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ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ |
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ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɡɚɞɚɱ: ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ |
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ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ |
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ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ-
ɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ. əɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɦɨɳɧɵɦ |
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ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ |
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ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ |
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ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. |
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ɋ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ 1980-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ |
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ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɯ, |
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ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ. |
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ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ |
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ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ — |
ɦɨɳɧɵɯ, ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ, ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ |
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ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɫɬɚɥ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ Brain Maker ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɪɦɵ California |
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Scientific Software. |
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Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɭ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɛɵɥ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫ |
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1990 ɝɨɞɚ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɋɒȺ. |
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Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯоɫɟɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
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(ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɢɡ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ |
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ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɹɯ — ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ |
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ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ |
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ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɹɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ |
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ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯзɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ (ɩɨɫɥɟ |
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ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ), ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ |
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ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɞɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, |
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ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ: ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ |
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ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ |
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ, |
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ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ |
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ɩɨɦɟɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. |
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еȼɡɹɜ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɪɹɞ |
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ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɚ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ |
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ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ. |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ IBM PC ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɦɵɲɢ, MS Windows 3.1 ɢɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ, 4 Ɇɛɚɣɬ RAM (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ).
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ.
60
ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ȼɬɨɪɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ |
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ |
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ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ |
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ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ |
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ |
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɧɚɸɳɢɯ |
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ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ. |
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ȼɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ |
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ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ |
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ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ |
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ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦ. |
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ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, |
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ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. |
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Ⱦɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ |
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ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ «ȿɫɥɢ..., ɬɨ...; ɢɧɚɱɟТ...», ɱɬɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɧɟɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ. |
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ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ |
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ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ (ɫɥɨɜɨН, ɮɪɚɡɚ) ɜ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ɧɚɛɨɪ ɱɢɫɟɥ. |
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ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɞɥɹ |
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ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ |
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ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ |
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ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ |
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ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ |
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹй, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ |
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ |
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(ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɟ, ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɬɢɩɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɨɧɚ ɢɡɜɧɟ ɢɥɢ |
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ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɚɹ). |
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ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɩɭɬɢ: ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ |
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ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ, |
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ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨиɮɚɣɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɶ ɫ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ƚɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɤɚɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. |
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ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ |
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɢɥɢ |
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ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢоɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ |
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ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ |
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ɤɥɢɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. |
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ɇɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ |
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ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ |
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ |
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ɫɭɩɟɪɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 50 ɬɵɫ. ɞɨɥɥ., ɞɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ (ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ |
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Рɫɨɬɟɧ ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ) ɧɟɣɪɨɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ȿɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ — ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ.