11
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɚɧɤ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɵ.
ȼɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ȺɌɉ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2—3 ɱ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ. ɉɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɵɯ
ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɚɧɤ ɢ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹУɧɚɞɟɠɧɚɹ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶТɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ.
ȼȺɌɉ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢНɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ (ɫɥɭɠɛɵ):
•ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɚɹ (ɨɬɞɟɥ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ) — ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɸ, ɜɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ; Б
• ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ (ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ) — ɭɱɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦ, ɩɪɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɱɚɫɨɜ, ɌɋɆ;
• ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ — ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɨɦ, ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫ ɯɨɞɚ ɌɋɆй;
• ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ — ɭɱɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɲɢɧ, ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɌɋɆ;
• ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɢɹ — ɜɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦи, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ), ɭɱɟɬ ɢ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯрɮɨɧɞɨɜ.
ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ (ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ), ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.6.
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.6. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ
12
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ (ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ) ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɬɚɪɵ, ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɇɚ ȺɌɉ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɉɈ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ȼɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ, ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ, ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɥɚɬ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ — ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ |
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ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. |
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Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ ɛɚɡɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ, ɦɚɪɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ, ɜɢɞɵ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɤɥɢɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. Ɍɚɪɢɮɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɚɪɢɮɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɬɚɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɵ. |
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ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɚ (ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ |
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ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɬɨɱɚɫɨɜ) ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ |
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ |
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
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ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ — ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ, Тɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ. |
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Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ (ɨɬɞɟɥ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ) ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ |
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ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶНɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ Ⱥɂɋ |
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ȺɌɉ. |
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Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɉɈ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ — ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ |
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ɩɥɚɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɡɧɨɫɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ |
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ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.. |
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Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɪɦɚɦ-ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ (1C, Ƚɟɤɬɨɪ, ɂɧɮɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ.).йɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɉɈ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɚ ɧɟ |
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ɜɫɟɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȺɌɉ. |
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«Ƚɟɤɬɨɪ», |
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ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ |
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ |
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ɉɈ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ |
ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ |
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ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ Windows-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ |
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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ |
ɝɢɛɤɭɸ |
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ |
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ |
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ |
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ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ |
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ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ (ɩɭɬɟɜɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ |
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ɮɨɪɦɚɦ, ɪɟɟɫɬɪɵ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ |
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ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɉɈ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ. |
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1.2.2. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ |
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ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ |
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Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ |
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ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ |
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ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ: |
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• ɜɪɟɦɹ |
ɜ |
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ɧɚɪɹɞɟ, |
ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɟ |
ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɢɡ |
ɝɚɪɚɠɚ ɧɚ |
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ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ, ɜ ɝɚɪɚɠ ɡɚ ɜɵɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɞ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ (ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ); |
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е• ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ (ɩɨ |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ), ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ |
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ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ (ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ |
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ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ); |
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ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɪɹɞɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ |
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ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ; |
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• ɨɛɳɢɣ |
ɩɪɨɛɟɝ |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ |
ɥɢɫɬɚ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟ |
ɦɟɠɞɭ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɩɢɞɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɜ ɝɚɪɚɠ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɟɡɞɟ ɢɡ |
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ɝɚɪɚɠɚ; |
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13
•ɩɪɨɛɟɝ ɫ ɝɪɭɡɨɦ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ (ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ) ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɝɪɭɡɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ;
•ɩɪɨɛɟɝ ɛɟɡ ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɨɦ ɫ ɝɪɭɡɨɦ;
•ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ (ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ).
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɦ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɟɡɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ), ɡɚ ɜɵɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟУ, ɜ ɝɚɪɚɠ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɫ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ.
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɥɹБɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯНТɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ). Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɝɢɛɤɭɸ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɧɨɪɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɰɟɩɨɜ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɨɬ 16 ɢɸɧɹ 2005 ɝ. ʋ 28 (Ɉɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɌɋɆ, ɬɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɬɚɥɨɧɵ, ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ
ɚɜɬɨɡɚɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ. |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹйɜ ɬɨɧɧɚɯ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɟɫɭ (ɦɚɫɫɚ |
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ɛɪɭɬɬɨ) ɩɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɝɪɭɡɭ |
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ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɟɫ ɲɬɭɱɧɵɯ, ɞɥɢɧɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ, ɚиɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ (ɞɪɨɜɚ, ɥɟɫɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, |
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ɩɟɫɨɤ, ɝɥɢɧɚ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ |
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ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ; ɬɨɧɧɨ-ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɚ |
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ɩɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ. |
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ɉɭɬɟɜɚɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚ ɞɟɧɶ (ɫɦɟɧɭ, ɪɟɣɫ). Ʉ |
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ɧɢɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: |
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• ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ (ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɤ |
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ɧɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɦ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ: ɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɡɟɧɧɨɝɨ |
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ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟиɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɞɨɩɥɚɬɭ (ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) ɡɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ (ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɯɨɞ) |
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ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ, ɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ɲɬɪɚɮɵ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ |
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ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ |
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ɚɤɬɚɦɢоɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ; |
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• ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ |
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ |
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ. |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ |
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ |
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ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɞɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɫɭɦɦɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ.
ɂɡ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤ ɨɬ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ-ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɢɫɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ-ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ-ɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɭ, ɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚ.
14
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɉɈ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɮɢɪɦ-ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ Уɥɢɫɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ: ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ (ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ (ɮɨɪɦɵ 6,7); ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ-ɬɚɤɫɢ - (ʋ 5, 5ɢ); ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɬɟ - 3(ɩ) ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ – 3(ɫ);
ɩɪɢ |
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ |
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ |
ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ – |
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4; ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ |
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ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚɦɢ - 1(ɪ), 1(ɪɢ), 1(ɧ), 2(ɪ), 2(ɧ). |
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Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɛɥɚɧɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ. |
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ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɣ |
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ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢН: |
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ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɸ, ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ |
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ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ; |
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ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ; |
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ɜɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ (ɫɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɵɯ, ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ); |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ; |
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ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɟɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɉɋ; |
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ɭɱɟɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ, |
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ɛɪɢɝɚɞɚɦ (ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ); |
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ɭɱɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, |
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ɫɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɨɫɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.); |
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ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ |
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ɦɚɪɤɚɦ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ, ɜɢɞɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɞɪ.; |
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ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɧɧɨ-ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɛɪɢɝɚɞɚɦ, |
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ɚɜɬɨɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɦ, ȺɌɉ, ɩɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; |
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ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɤ ɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɛɪɢɝɚɞ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ |
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ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ. |
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Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ȻȾ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ |
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ɉɈ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟзɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ; |
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ɜɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦ ɡɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɭɫɥɭɝɢ; |
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ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ, ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤɨɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɨɩɥɚɬ ɢ |
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ɧɚɞɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɨ |
ɩɭɬɟɜɨɦɭ ɥɢɫɬɭ |
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(ɡɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɛɢɥɟɬɨɜ, ɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ, |
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ɫɜɟɪɯɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɪɚɡɴɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ |
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ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɭɛɨɪɤɭ ɫɚɥɨɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.); |
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ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ; |
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ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ȺɌɉ (ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɦ ɬɚɪɢɮɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ); |
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ɭɱɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɭɫɥɭɝ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ |
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ, ɭɱɟɬ |
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ɞɟɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. |
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ɉɈ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɨɦ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ Ʌɋ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ:
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ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ;
ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȺɌɉ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ-ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ (ɬɢɩɚ iButton), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ. Ʉɥɸɱɢ iButton ɜɧɟɲɧɟ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɭɸ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣɤɭ. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 17 ɦɦ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɨɬ 3 ɞɨ 6 ɦɦ. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ 1 ɦɥɧ ɤɚɫɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ.
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɤ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ. Уɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɤ, ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɣ. ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɤ
ɉɪɢ ɢɧɫɬɚɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɉɈ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. |
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ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɜɤɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɤ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ, ɢ ɧɚ |
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ɷɤɪɚɧ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣНɟɝɨ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ. ȼɫɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ (ɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ) ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ. Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɥɢɫɬ, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹБɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɚ iButton, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ (ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ). ɇɚ ɚɜɬɨɡɚɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɸɱɚ iButton,иɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹйɢɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȺɁɋ, ɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɩɭɫɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ).
1.2.3. ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɉɈ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɂɋ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ор ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹтɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ Ⱥɂɋ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ — Bill Of Material (BOM), ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ 1980-ɯ
ɝɨɞɨɜ — Material Require Planing (MRP) — ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ (ɞɥɹ |
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ȺɌɉ — ɜ ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɹɯ). ȼ 1984ɝ. ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ MRP II — |
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Manufacturing Resource Planing. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ |
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ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹз, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ |
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ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ, ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ |
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ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ — ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ |
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ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɢ ɝɢɛɤɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ |
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ɫɩɪɨɫɚ. |
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ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ |
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ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ |
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еɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ERP — Enterprise Resource Planing |
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(ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɟɪɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ MRP II |
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ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɨ ɫɭɬɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ |
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Рɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɟɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ |
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ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ DEM — Dynamic Enterprise Modeling. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ |
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ɧɚ ɪɟɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. |
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ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ-ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɉɈ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ
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Microsoft (COM, DCOM) ɢ OMG (CORBA). Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɝɢɝɚɧɬɵ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ
BAAN ɢ SAP, ɩɨɤɭɩɚɸɬ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ.
Ʉ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ERP/MRP II ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ: R/3 (SAP), ɆɄ (Computer Associates), Baan IV (Baan), BPCS (SSA), Oracle Applications (ORACLE), MFG/PRO (QAD), Site Line (Symix) ɢ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. ȼɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɭɞɚɱɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ: |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɵ; |
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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ; |
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ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɵɬ; |
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ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ; |
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ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. |
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ɇɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ (Ʉɂɋ) |
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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɚɜɟɧ, ɭ ɧɚɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹУȺɌɉ |
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ɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ. ɉɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ |
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ɩɟɪɟɣɞɭɬ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬ ɭ ɫɟɛɹ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
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Б |
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(ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɩɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ), ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɠɞɟɬ ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɨ. |
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ȼ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ, |
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ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ (ɢɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ). ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ |
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ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ. |
й |
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Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ — ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɮɟɪ |
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ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ: ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ (ɢɥɢ ɰɟɯɚ), ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɢɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ), ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ 3 ɞɨ 5 ɥɟɬ.
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Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ — ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ |
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ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ: ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɦ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ |
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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹиɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ — |
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ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɫɭɛɩɨɞɪɹɞɧɵɦɢ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ-ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɟ рɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, |
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ɭɜɨɥɶɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ 3 |
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ɞɨ 18 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. |
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Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ, ɢɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ — ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨ- |
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ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬтɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ — ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ |
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɧɚɪɹɞɵ, ɩɪɢɤɚɡɵ, ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.). Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ |
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ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ — ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. |
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Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: |
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ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ (ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɵɧɤɚ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ |
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ |
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ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ); |
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ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɟ; |
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ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɛɡɚɤɚɡɨɜ ɢ |
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ɫɭɛɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ |
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еɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ); |
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ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ (ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ); |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ (ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚ, ɨɛɦɟɧ) ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ |
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ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ; |
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ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ);
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ;
17
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ (ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜ, ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɣɦɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.);
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ);
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ, ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɢ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ «ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɨɣ» ɢɥɢ ɩɨɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɣ
ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ. ȼɟɞɶ ɭɛɵɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜУ— ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɜɢɞ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ —
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ (ɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ).
Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Тɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ |
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ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ — ɧȺɂɋɳɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶН |
, ɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ |
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ɷɬɢɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. |
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Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.7. |
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ȼɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ |
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ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɷɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶрɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ) ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɧɵ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.7. Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
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ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ȼɚɡɨɜɚɹ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ «ɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ» ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɸɞɟɣ (ɞɚɜɚɹ ɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɹ ɢɯ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ), ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɤ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɱɟɬ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɢ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
18
ɧɭɠɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. ɇɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ERP-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ (ɪɢɫ. 1.8).
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.8. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɬ ɮɢɪɦɵ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, |
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɢɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, |
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ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɜɟɪɫɢɹɦɢ. |
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ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ MRPII ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ |
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ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɯзMRP II/ERP ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɹ. |
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ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɢ |
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ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ. |
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ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ, |
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɗɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ |
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ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ |
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ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ MPS/MRP, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ |
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ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɣ ɜ MRP, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɜ SFC ɢ ɞɪ. |
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ɗɬɨɬ ɫɥɨɣ, ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ |
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ɫɬɪɨɣɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. |
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Ʉ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ MRP II/ERP ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɢ |
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ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɮɢɪɦɵ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ |
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ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ȺɂɌ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ «ɧɨɭ-ɯɚɭ» ɮɢɪɦ-ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ.
19
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ȼɢɞɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ MRPII/ERP ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɢɩɚ MRPII/ERP. Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ, ɭɩɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ |
ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ |
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ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ) — ɜɨɬ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ |
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ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ |
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ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ |
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ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ MRPII/ERP ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ. ɉɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ |
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ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɚ 8—30%, ɪɨɫɬɭ |
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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ 8 — 27 %, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɤɚɡɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ |
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ɫɪɨɤ, — ɧɚ 7-20%. |
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1.3. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ |
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ȼ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ «ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ», «ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ |
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ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ», |
«ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ |
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ |
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ», |
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«ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ». |
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ɋɥɨɜɨ «ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ» ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ systema, ɱɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɨɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡ |
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ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ |
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ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ. |
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ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ» ɢɦɟɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. |
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ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ |
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ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɫɬɪɟɦɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ, ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚрɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢ- |
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ɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ |
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ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ: |
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• ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ; |
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• ɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɶ; |
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• ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ; |
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• ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ; |
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• ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ. |
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ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶзɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɯ |
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ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ |
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ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. |
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ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ |
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еȾɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ.
Рɐɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɫɵɪɶɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɵ, ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɝɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ.
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ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ - ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɦɵɫɥɢɦɚ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ).
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɺ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ.
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ (ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ) ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵУ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɗɂɋ) - ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
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ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢТɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ |
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ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. |
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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (Ⱥɂɋ) |
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ |
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ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ Нɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, |
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ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ. |
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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ⱥɂɋ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ |
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ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɂɋ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ |
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ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɮɢɪɦ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɱɟɬɤɨɦ ɦɚɧɟɜɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢй |
ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ |
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ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨи-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ |
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ɦɟɧɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. |
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Ⱥɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ |
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ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ. |
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Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ |
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з |
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ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ |
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ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, |
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ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ. ɗɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦи. |
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п |
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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ |
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ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ: |
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1. ɫɮɟɪɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; |
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е |
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2. |
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ɜɢɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜоɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; |
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3. ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. |
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Р |
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ɉɨ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ: Ⱥɂɋ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; |
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Ⱥɂɋ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ; Ⱥɂɋ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ; Ⱥɂɋ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɬ. ɞ. |
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ɉɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
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ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ: |
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Ⱥɂɋ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ — ɷɬɨ |
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨ-ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, |
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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ |
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ |
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, |
ɫɬɚɧɤɚɦɢ, |
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ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ. |
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Ⱥɂɋ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɩɪɨɢɡ- |
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ɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ: ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ Ⱥɂɋ; |
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Ⱥɂɋ ɮɨɧɞɨɜɨɝɨ |
ɪɵɧɤɚ; ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ Ⱥɂɋ; ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ |
Ⱥɂɋ; ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ |
Ⱥɂɋ; Ⱥɂɋ |
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