Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ȻȿɅɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ "Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ"
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Ⱥ.ə. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜ |
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ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɇȺ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌȿ |
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Ʉɨɧɫɩɟɤɬ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ |
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ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 1-44 01 01 «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ |
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ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ» |
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ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ |
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Ɇ ɢ ɧ ɫ ɤ 2 0 0 9
ɍȾɄ 681.51/.54
Ⱥ ɜ ɬ ɨ ɪ :
Ⱥ.ə. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜ
Ɋ ɟ ɰ ɟ ɧ ɡ ɟ ɧ ɬ ɵ :
ɘ.ɉ. ȼɚɠɧɢɤ, ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɸɪɜɟɣɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ, ɤ.ɬ.ɧ.;
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Ⱦ. ȼ. Ʉɚɩɫɤɢɣ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ «ɇɂɐ ȾȾ» ȻɇɌɍ, ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ |
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ȼ ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɂɋ ɧɚ |
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ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ |
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ |
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ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɍɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɦ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ |
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ |
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ |
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, |
ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ |
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ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. |
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ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣйɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ, ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ |
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, |
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ |
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɹɞɪɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Ⱥɂɋ, |
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ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɚɡ ɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɛɚɡɡɧɚɧɢɣ. |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 1-44 01 01 «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ |
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ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ». |
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Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣи |
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ |
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ɩɪ-ɬ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, 65, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ |
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Ɍɟɥ.(017) 293-91-97 ɮɚɤɫ (017) 292-91-37 |
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Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ʋ ȻɇɌɍ/ȺɌɎ18 – 3.2009 |
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© ȻɇɌɍ, 2009 |
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© Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜ Ⱥ.ə., 2009 |
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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ |
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ....................................................................................................................................... |
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1. ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɈȾɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ Ⱥɂɋ ɇȺ ȺȼɌɈɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɕɏ |
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ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂəɏ ........................................................................................................................... |
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1.1. ɉɈȾɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɉȿɊȿȼɈɁɄȺɆɂ ........................................................................... |
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1.2. ɉɈȾɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɉɅȺɇɈȼɕɏ ɂ ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɊȺɋɑȿɌɈȼ |
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1.3. ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɂ ...............ɂɏ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə |
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1.4. |
ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ, ɂɏ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿ ɂ |
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ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə......................................................................................................................... |
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1.5. |
ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȿ ɊȺȻɈɑȿȿ ɆȿɋɌɈ - ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼɈ ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ |
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ɄɈɇȿɑɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌȿɅə ........................................................................................................ |
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2. ɆȿɌɈȾɂɄȺ ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂə ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ |
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ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɂ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɃ....................................................................................................... |
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2.1. |
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇȺə ɂ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇȺə ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə Ⱥɂɋ ....................................... |
ɂ ȺɂɌ |
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2.2. ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ: ɋɌȺȾɂɂ ɂ ɗɌȺɉɕ ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂə Ⱥɂɋɂ ȺɂɌ........................................... |
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2.3. ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ȼȿȾȿɇɂə ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼɈɑɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌ........................................... |
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2.4. ɊɈɅɖ ɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌȿɅə ȼ ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂɂ Ⱥɂɋɂ ȺɂɌɂ ɉɈɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȿ ..............................ɁȺȾȺɑ |
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3. ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂȿ ɗɂɋ ɂ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɃ.............................. |
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3.1. ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂə ɂ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ȿȿ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə.......................................................... |
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3.2. ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɇɇɈȽɈ ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌɈɈȻɈɊɈɌȺ .................................... |
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3.3. ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɂ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ȼɇɍɌɊɂɆȺɒɂɇɇɈȽɈ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ........ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə |
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3.4. ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ȻȺɇɄɂ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ, ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ..ȻȺɁɕ, ɂɏ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ |
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3.5. ɗɌȺɉɕ ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂə ȻȺɁɕ ɂ ȻȺɇɄȺ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ.......................................................................... |
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3.6. ȻȺɁɕ ɁɇȺɇɂɃ........................................................................................................................ |
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4. ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂȿ ɗɂɋ ɂ ȺɊɆ ɄɈɇȿɑɇɈȽɈ |
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ɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌȿɅə.......................................................................................................................... |
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4.1. ɉɈɇəɌɂȿ, ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɁȺȾȺɑɂ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə ......................................... |
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4.2. |
ȾɂȺɅɈȽɈȼɕɃ ɊȿɀɂɆ ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ........................ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ |
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4.3. |
ɋȿɌȿȼɈɃ ɊȿɀɂɆ ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ................................ |
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4.4. |
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɌȿɄɋɌɈȼɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ.......................................................... |
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4.5. |
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɌȺȻɅɂɑɇɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ ......................................................... |
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4.6. |
ɂɇɌȿȽɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɉȺɄȿɌɕ ȾɅə ɈɎɂɋɈȼ .......................................................................... |
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4.7. ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ȻȺɁȺɆɂ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ ........................................................................... |
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4.8. ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɗɄɋɉȿɊɌɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ........................................................ |
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4.9 ɂɇɌȿȽɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ȼ ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɏ ..ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ |
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4.10. ɇȿɃɊɈɋȿɌȿȼɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ȼ ɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼɈ-ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ............ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ |
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5. ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-ɇȺȼɂȽȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə |
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ɉɈȾȼɂɀɇɕɆ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɈɆ..................................................................................................... |
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Р5.1. ɇȺɁɇȺɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɖ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ...ɆȿɋɌɈɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂə |
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5.2. ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɊȿȺɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɈɆɉȼ ɅɈɄȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɂ ɁɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ Ⱥɂɋ |
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ȺɌɉ............................................................................................................................................. |
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5.3. ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌȿɃɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏɋɂɋɌȿɆɋɉɍɌɇɂɄɈȼɈɃ ...ɇȺȼɂȽȺɐɂɂ ɂɋȼəɁɂ |
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ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ……………………………………………………………………………………79 |
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4
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ "ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ" ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ. |
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ɐɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ |
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ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ, ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, |
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ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ. |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ |
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ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɯ |
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ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ, |
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ |
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. |
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ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɭɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɤɚɤ "Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ", "ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ", "ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ |
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ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ", "Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ", |
"Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ". |
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5
1. ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɈȾɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ Ⱥɂɋ ɇȺ ȺȼɌɈɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɕɏ ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂəɏ
1.1. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚУ, ɞɥɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. |
Т |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ — ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ (ɉɋ) ɩɭɬɟɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɋ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɢ |
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ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɦɢ |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ. |
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ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶНɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɧɧɨ- |
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ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ (ɋɋɉ) ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ, ɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: |
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ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɹɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɉɋ ɫ |
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ |
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ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ; |
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ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ |
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ɡɚɹɜɤɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɉɋ; |
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ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ |
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ɞɢɫɥɨɤɚɰɢɢ ɉɋ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; |
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ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ; |
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ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɋɋɉ. |
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ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦрɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ |
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ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɡɞɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ. ȼɨ |
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ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ |
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ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ |
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ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚтɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚɯ. |
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Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɉɋ |
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ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ |
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(ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢзɫ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ) ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɉɋ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɟ |
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ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɫɦɟɧɭ, ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɟɟ. ɋ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɞɥɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫ |
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ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ Ɍɋ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. |
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ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɢɥɢ |
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ |
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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ. |
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ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɋɋɉ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɤɚ ɉɋ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ |
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еɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɹɜɨɤ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ |
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ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ. ɏɨɬɹ |
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ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɋɋɉ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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Рɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ. |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɉɋ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ |
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ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ |
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ |
ɞɥɹ |
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ |
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ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
6
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ȺɋȾɍ) ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɇɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɛɚɧɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ȺɋȾɍ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.У1.1. ɂɦɟɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (Ɍɋ), ɦɚɪɤɚɯ ɉɋ, ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢТ(ɐɍɉ)
ɚɜɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ ɫ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ Нɨɧ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɦɟɧɧɨ-
ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɣ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ |
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Ȼɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ɍɋ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɡɞɨɜ |
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ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ), ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ |
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ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɚо. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ɍɋ |
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ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɋ, |
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ɝɞɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ «ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ» ɢ «ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ». ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ.
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɋ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ — ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ɍɋ ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ȺɋȾɍ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
7
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ «ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ» ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ «ɝɢɛɤɢɯ» ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ (ɋɉɉɊ), ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚ ɜ
-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ — ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚУ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɪɨɤɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɜɢɞ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪ.);
-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɉɋ — ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɯТɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ (ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ) ɨɩɥɚɬɵ; Н
-ɡɚɹɜɤɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ — ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɡɚɜɨɡɚ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɜɨɡɢɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ (ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ) ɡɚɜɨɡɚ;
-ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɵ
епɊɢɫ. 1.2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ
РɄ ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:
- ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɦɟɧɧɨ-ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ, ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ), ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦ;
- ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɟɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ.
Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ — ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɛɨɹɯ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɋɉɉɊ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ (ɥɢɛɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɉɋ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɭ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɨɡɚ) ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ.
8
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɋ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ — ɝɪɭɡɨɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɨɜ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɵɟ |
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У |
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬ |
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ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ. |
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ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɪ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
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ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɯ: |
Т |
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1) |
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ; |
Н |
2) |
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ; |
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3) |
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (Data Mining). |
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Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ |
Б |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ |
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ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣйɜɵɲɟɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɸ. Ɍɚɤ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ «ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ» ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦиɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɢɡ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ «ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ — ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ — ɨɬɞɟɥ — ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ». ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ «ȼɪɟɦɹ» ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢр: «ɝɨɞ — ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ — ɦɟɫɹɰ — ɞɟɧɶ» ɢ «ɧɟɞɟɥɹ — ɞɟɧɶ», ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɟɞɟɥɹɦ ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣо. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɧɢɡɲɢɦ; ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɢɡɲɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɤ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ (ɪɢɫ. 1.3).
Реȼпɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɋɍȻȾ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ, ɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ:
1) ɝɢɩɟɪɤɭɛɨɜ (ɜɫɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɦɵɟ ɜ ȻȾ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ); 2) ɩɨɥɢɤɭɛɨɜ (ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɜɫɟ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ).
ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɋɍȻȾ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ROLAP) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ, ɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɋɍȻȾ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ROLAP ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
9
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɋɍȻȾ (MOLAP) — ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ «ɡɜɟɡɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ» ɫɯɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɋɍȻȾ (ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɭɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɯɟɦ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʌɋ) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɂɞɟɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ «ɡɜɟɡɞɚ» (star scheme) ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜɫɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ, ɢɧɞɟɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɤɥɸɱɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 1.4). |
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.4. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɯɟɦɵ "ɡɜɟɡɞɚ" |
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ȼ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ |
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ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ «ɡɜɟɡɞɚ» — ɫɯɟɦɟ «ɫɨɡɜɟɡɞɢɟ» (fact constellation scheme) ɢ ɫɯɟɦɟ |
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«ɫɧɟɠɢɧɤɚ» (snowflake scheme). ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ |
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ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 1.5). ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ |
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ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤ |
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ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ȻȾ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ |
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ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ. |
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ȼ ɫɮɟɪɟ OLAP иɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ |
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ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ: ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ȻȾ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ |
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ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɡɚɯ |
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(ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ROLAP)? |
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ȼɚɠɧɨоɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵ ɥɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ |
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ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɥɚɠɟɧɵ ɥɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ |
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ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ. |
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Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ — ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.5. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɯɟɦɵ "ɫɧɟɠɢɧɤɚ" (ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ) |
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1.2. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ |
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1.2.1. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ȺɌɉ |
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ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ: |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ |
ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ |
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ |
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(ɚɜɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɚɜɬɨɛɚɡɵ, ɚɜɬɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɵ) ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ |
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ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. ɂ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɫɬɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ, ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ Ⱥɂɋ ȺɌɉ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ (ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ, ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɚ, ɬɚɤɫɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɚ, ɭɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚ, ɝɪɭɡɨɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɋ, ɜɵɩɢɫɤɟ ɢ