Лекции 1-4 (2 семестр)

ɉɈɇəɌɂȿ ȺɅȽɈɊɂɌɆȺ

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ:

ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ

ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ – ɬɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɚ

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ – ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɲɚɝɨɜ

Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɨɫɬɶ – ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ

ȼ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɵ

ɇɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ 4.

ɇɚɱɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Ɂɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɏ ɢ <

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɏ ɢ < ɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ S. S=X+Y

ȼȩȐȓȟȠȖ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡțȎȥȓțȖȓ S Ɂɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ; ɢ < ɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ S.

ɗɬɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɝɭɪ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ – ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɤ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɢ ɛɥɨɤɢ

ȼɕɑɂɋɅȿɇɂȿ

Ⱦɚ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɣ ɛɥɨɤ

ɜɜɨɞ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞ

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ

ɇȺɑȺɅɈ

X, Y

S=X+Y

S

Program primer1;

Var X, Y, S:real;

Begin

Write(‘Vvedite X, Y’);

Readln(X,Y);

S:=X+Y;

Writeln(‘Summa=‘,S:5:3);

End.

Ⱥɥɮɚɜɢɬ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɶ

ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ

ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɯ

ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ

ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ

ɂȾȿɇɌɂɎɂɄȺɌɈɊ - ɢɦɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ – ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɭɤɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɨɬ Ⱥ ɞɨ =

ɉɪɨɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɜ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɱɢɫɥɚɯ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɰɢɮɪ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɮɪ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 9.

ȼ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɉȿɊȼɈɃ

ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ © _ ª ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚ ɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ

ɩɪɨɛɟɥ

ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ

ȿɫɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɬɨɢɬ ©ɩɪɨɛɟɥª ɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɞɜɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɦɟɧɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɚɳɢɦ ɬɟ ɝɞɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɨɛɟɥ ɬɚɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ

Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ { } ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ ɜɢɞɚ (* *) ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ

ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ

1.Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɢ

2.Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ

3.ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ

4.Ɂɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ

Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɢ

{ } [ ] ( ) ‘ ; : , . = @ # > < $

Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ – ɨɧɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɨɛɟɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢ

4. Ɂɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ ɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɟɪɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɦɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ

ɋɢɦɜɨɥɵ % ? ! s ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɊɍɋɋɄɈȽɈ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ ɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬ ɹɡɵɤɚ 3$6&$/ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɯ.

ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ 3$6&$/ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ

ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ - Program;

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ - Uses;

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɤ - Label;

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ – Const;

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ - Type;

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ - Var;

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ – Procedure Function;

ɬɟɥɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ – Begin End..

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ

ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ PROGRAM ɢ ɂɆȿɇɂ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

ɂɦɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ 3$6&$/ ɧɨ ȼɋȿȽȾȺ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɋ ȻɍɄȼɕ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ PROGRAM PRIMER;

PROGRAM Primer1;

Program Primer_1;

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɋɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ USES ɢ ɂɆȿɇɂ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɟɣ

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɹɬɭɸ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ USES CRT; {Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ}

USES GRAPH; {Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ}

USES GRAPH, CRT;

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɹɬɭɸ ɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ

ɋɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ LABEL ɢ ɂɆȿɇɂ ɦɟɬɨɤ

Ɇɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ ɞɨ

ɢɥɢ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ LABEL lb1;

LABEL PA, lb1, N1, 15, 120;

ȿɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɷɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ CONST ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɂɆȿɇȺ ɢ ɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɪɚɜɧɨ © = »

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ CONST N=4; Ⱥȼ Ɋ ‘ ɋɥɨɜɨ’;

ɋ )$/6( Ʉ ȿ – 5;

Ɍɢɩ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ TYPE ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɂȾȿɇɌɂɎɂɄȺɌɈɊȺ ɌɂɉȺ ɢɦɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɤ © = ª ɚ ɞɚɥɟɟ – ɫɚɦɨ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɌɂɉȺ.

TYPE <ǶȚȭ ȠȖȝȎ> = <ȜȝȞȓȒȓșȓțȖȓ ȠȖȝȎ>;

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ TYPE Type1=array [1..10] of integer;

Type2=1..40;

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɫɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ VAR ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɂɆȿɇɂ ɉȿɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɃ ɞɜɨɟɬɨɱɢɹ ©:ª ɢ ɌɂɉȺ ɉȿɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɃ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ

VAR ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ! ɬɢɩ !

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ VAR a:real; c,d,m:integer;

ɷɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ BEGIN ɚ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ END. ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ «.ª ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

Begin <Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >; <Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ >;

………………

<Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ N>; End.

Ɍɢɩɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ȼɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɤ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ-ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɦ

Ʉ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ

ɑɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ

ɋɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ

Ɍɢɩ – ɫɬɪɨɤɚ

ɰɟɥɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ INTEGER ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɨɬ - ɞɨ

ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ REAL ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ

¾ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ 1.2 0.35 .78

¾ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ȿ Ɂ

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ BOOLEAN ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

FALSE – ɥɨɠɶ

TRUE – ɩɪɚɜɞɚ

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ

FALSE < TRUE

ɋɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ CHAR – ɷɬɨ ɬɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɁɇȺɄȺ ɢɥɢ ȻɍɄȼɕ.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ A Z #

STRING – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɞɨ 255 ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ

ɍ ɬɢɩɚ – ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ « [ ] ª ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 255).

ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɬɨ ɨɧ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ

255.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ VAR Str:string[80];

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɹɡɵɤɟ Pascal ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ

1.Ⱥɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ

2.Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɗɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɟ

3.Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɗɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɞɪ

ȼɫɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ