Gp III Conoco
.pdf
Lubricant Behavior in Contact
High Pressure
R
Shear Rate
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Energy Efficiency |
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High Pressure |
Characterized by low |
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power loss between |
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moving parts |
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Viscosity Index
140 
130 
120 
110 
4 cSt
100 
90 
80 
Group I |
Group II |
Group III Group IV |
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Cold Cranking Simulator
(@ -25 °C)
1800 
1600 
1400 
1200 
1000 
800 
600 
400 
200 
0 
4 cSt
Group I |
Group II |
Group III Group IV |
NOACK Volatility
35 
30 
25 
20 
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15 |
4 cSt |
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10 
5 
0 
Group I |
Group II |
Group III Group IV |
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Taking Advantage of Group III
Base Oils
Examples:
Passenger Car Engine Oil
GF-4 Specifications
ILSAC GF-4 |
Oil Thickening |
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ILSAC GF-3 |
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ILSAC GF-2 |
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Catalyst Protection |
Sludge |
OEM concerns:
•longer fluid life
•cleaner engines
•emissions system protection.
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Fuel Economy |
Valvetrain Wear |
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Piston Deposits
GF-4 tests are much more challenging for formulators
Group II and Group III
5W-30 Formulations
Base Stock API |
II |
II & III |
III |
Category |
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Base Oil VI |
102 |
120 |
130 |
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Viscosity Modifier (%) |
9.1 |
6.6 |
5.7 |
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Noack Volatility (%) |
21 |
14 |
12 |
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Formulation CCS |
6200 |
5500 |
5000 |
(cP @ -30 C) |
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Formulation |
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Kinematic Viscosity |
11.5 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
(cSt @ 100 C) |
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Higher VI base oils lower the volatility of finished blends & require less viscosity modifier
Comparison of CCS for Motor Oil Products
@ -30 C
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1800 |
25 C |
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1500 |
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1200 |
@ - |
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900 |
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600 |
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300 |
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0 |
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0 |
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5W-20 |
GF |
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GF |
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Group |
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Group |
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5W-30 |
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- |
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3 |
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4 |
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II |
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III |
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Base Oil |
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Group III base oil has an inherent advantage
Over Group II when formulating for GF-4
The Role of Base Oil in Fuel Economy
Friction Decreasing |
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0.1 |
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Friction Coefficient |
0.08 |
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Group II |
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Group III |
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0.06 |
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Group IV |
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0.04 |
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0.02 |
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100 °C, ~1.0 GPa, 50% SRR |
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0 |
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0.001 |
0.01 |
0.1 |
1 |
10 |
Entrainment Speed (m/s)
Friction: Group II > Group III > Group IV
Using higher quality base oil provides an edge for fuel economy
Lower friction = Better Fuel Economy
Heavy Duty Engine Oils: PC-10
PC-10 oils will be significantly different from
• Lower sulfur, Ash, phosphorus, & zinc
And…Noack volatility limit will be lowered from 15% to 13%.