Книги по МРТ КТ на английском языке / Advanced Imaging of the Abdomen - Jovitas Skucas

Advanced Imaging of the Abdomen

Jovitas Skucas

Advanced Imaging

of the Abdomen

With 489 Figures in 1025 Parts

Jovitas Skucas, MD

Professor Emeritus, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

British Cataloging in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Control Number 2005924309

Printed on acid-free paper.

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2006

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.

The use of registered names,trademarks,etc. in this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature.

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vi

PREFACE

history of trauma is usually known and thus imaging findings associated with acute trauma are discussed in separate sections.

It has been said that “to steal from one author is plagiarism, if you steal from many, it’s research” (1). With that definition in mind, this work, I hope, is research. The references are rather wide-ranging, but to make the text more readable the number of references is deliberately kept low and information that has diffused in the medical community is not referenced further. The cited references serve both as an acknowledgment to the original authors and as a guide to a more in-depth source on a particular topic.

An abbreviated format has been adopted in presenting published studies. Emphasis is on sensitivity and specificity (or false-positive rate), realizing that these provide an incomplete picture. Where applicable, the measurements given include a standard deviation. To maintain brevity, little additional statistical analysis is provided.

It is assumed that the reader has basic knowledge of abdominal imaging. The technical details about performing and interpreting various imaging modalities are omitted except when pertinent to new techniques and applications. Thus a statement such as

Tc99m-DTPA scintigraphy and color duplex US . . . could reliably differentiate minimal and not perfused renal allografts . . .

omits that scintigraphy consisted of analogue scans up to 60 minutes postinjection and that time-activity curves over the first 60 seconds after injection of 370 to 440MBq of technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid are obtained and classified by a perfusion score, the time between renal and iliac artery peaks and washout of the renogram curve; similarly, not mentioned is that color duplex ultrasonography (US) consists of a perfusion study in all sections of the graft and vascular anastomoses by colorcoded duplex sonography and that maximal blood flow velocity and resistive index in the renal artery are determined by a pulsed Doppler device. Most of these details are intuitive to the specialist performing such a test.

To avoid repetition, the more common imaging findings are not repeated for each imaging modality. Thus if a lesion contains fat, it is stated as such; it is not stated that this fat is hypodense with CT, hyperechoic with US, or hyperintense with T1-weighted MR sequences. The exception is if a specific imaging appearance is unique.

Indications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are still evolving. In addition, as new imaging technology becomes available the imaging modality recommended for a particular application today may not be optimal tomorrow. Thus multislice helical CT techniques continue to expand application of CT angiography and interventional procedures, possibly at the expense of further rapid growth of MRI.

Numerous individuals contributed images to this book and their effort is gratefully acknowledged. Over the years many ex-residents have provided me with interesting studies from their daily practices and these are acknowledged. A special thanks goes to Jolanta Galdikaite, an illustrator in Kaunas, Lithuania, for the line drawings.

Jovitas Skucas, MD

Reference

1.Attributed to the Hollywood ne’er-do-well Wilson Mizner (1876–1933). Quoted in Green J. Chasing the Sun: Dictionary Makers and the Dictionaries They Make. New York: Henry Holt, 1996:19.

viii

CONTENTS