Методичка английский

Peter always swims well. – Петя всегда плавает хорошо.

2. для выражения общеизвестных истин:

The Earth moves round the Sun. – Земля вращается вокруг солнца.

3. для выражения регулярно повторяющихся действий в настоящем. Для указания на повторный характер действия могут употребляться слова every day, week, month (каждый день, неделю,

месяц), daily (ежедневно) и др.:

We drink coffee every morning. - Мы пьем кофе каждое утро.

ГЛАГОЛ TO BE В PRESENT INDEFINITE

Глагол to be в настоящем простом времени имеет три личные формы: am - для 1-го лица единственного числа, is - для 3-го лица единственного числа и are -для всех лиц множественного числа. Для образования вопросительной формы глагол to be в личной форме ставится перед подлежащим. Для образования отрицательной формы после глагола to be в личной форме ставится отрицательная частица not.

I am quite sure she has nothing to do with it. – Я совершенно уверена в том, что она не имеет к этому никакого отношения.

Are they in the reading-hall now? – Они в читальном зале сейчас? They are not in the reading-hall now. – Сейчас они не в читальном

зале.

Спряжение глагола to be в present indefinite

Примечание. Для разговорной речи характерны сокращенные формы, когда глагол to be сливается с подлежащим: I'm [aim], He's [hi:z], She's, It's [its], We're [wie], You're [jue], They're.

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They're (they are) at home. – Они дома.

В разговорной речи глагол to be обычно сливается с отрицательной частицей not: He isn't ['iznt], She isn't ['iznt], It isn't ['iznt], We aren't [a:nt], You aren't [a:nt], They aren't [a:nt] BUT I'm not ['aim not].

They aren't busy in the evening. – Вечером они не заняты. She isn't a doctor. – Она не доктор.

Exercises

1. Fill in the verb “to be” in the Present Indefinite Tense.

1.I … a student. 2. My father … not a teacher, he … a scientist. 3.

…your aunt a doctor? 4. My sister … at home. 5. We … good friends. 6. Helen … a painter. 7. My grandparents… pensioners. 8. Do you have any idea where he …. 9. I … sorry. They … at the office at the moment. 10. Chess and aerobics … not as exciting as skydiving and figure skating. 11. Art … long, life … short. 12. Debt … the worst kind of poverty. 13. Where

…the keys? - In your jacket. 14. The game … not worth the candle. 15. Two heads … better than one.

2.Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Indefinite Tense.

1.He always (go) for a walk in the evening. 2. In the morning I (have) little time, so I (take) a shower in the evening. 3. Her brother (work) in Canada. 4. She always (dream) but (do) nothing to realize her dreams. 5. Mercury (boil) at 357.25 degrees centigrade. 6. A woman who (look) after other people’s children is a nanny. 7. She usually (drink) tea in the morning.

8.We (watch) TV every day. 9. Our classes (begin) at 8 o’clock. 10. The train (arrive) at 9 o’clock. 11. The teacher (ask) many questions. 12. I (help) my mother about the house. 13. Nurses (look) after patients in hospital. 14. In Britain most shops (close) at 5.30 p.m. 15. We usually (do) the shopping on Thursday.

3.Fill in the blanks with the suitable verbs in the Present Indefinite Tense.

1.Ann … to the University every day. 2. Peter always … his lunch at the canteen. 3. Liz is good at tennis. She … tennis every day. 4. Linda and I … for a company, which … automobiles. 5. As a rule he … his homework at five o’clock. 6. It is known that he …English and French. 7. The City Museum … at 7 o’clock every evening. 8. Tina is a teacher. She … mathematics to young children. 9. Steve … ten cigarettes a day. 10. In

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Britain the banks … at 9.30 in the morning. 11. I like films. I often … to the cinema. 12. Your job is very interesting. You …. a lot of people. 13. Water … at 1000 degrees Celsius. 14. Shoes are expensive. They … a lot of money. 15. Susan … in London.

Teach, produce, cost, boil, speak, close, do, play, have, work, open, go (2), live, meet, smoke.

4. Make the following sentences negative.

1.My University is far from my house. 2. He believes in God and he always goes to Church on Sunday. 3. She lives near our house. 4. George is a good tennis player. 5. Bob likes listening to the radio news in the evening.

6.We go to the University by bus. 7. He likes to sleep after dinner. 8. Jane is fond of sports. 9. For breakfast we usually have a cup of tea and a sandwich. 10. They usually go to the river in summer. 11. She often arranges meeting for her boss and other managers of the company. 12. I regularly see him at the tram stop. 13. They have 3 classes a day. 14. He wants to see our new flat. 15. Kat speaks English well.

5.Make up questions to the following sentences.

1. Den studies at the University. 2. They usually buy newspapers in the morning. 3. Sometimes he visits his grandparents. 4. In the evening I often go to see my friends. 5. We study English grammar at our English lessons. 6. On Saturday my parents go to the country. 7. Many families receive new flats every year. 8. Tom and Nick like to play football very much. 9. On Sundays we sometimes go to the cinema or to a disco club. 10. Lena usually prepares her homework at school. 11. The children play in the yard every day. 12. They go for a walk in the evening. 13. I help my mother about the house every day. 14. The baby always sleeps after dinner. 15. My aunt works in the shop.

6. Put questions to the following sentences using the words in brackets.

1. I like to go to the cinema. (How often? What?) 2. The car breaks down once a week. (How often?) 3. I write to my friend in Australia. (Where?) 4. People usually do stupid things. (Why? What?) 5. Tom works in a bank. (Where? Who?) 6. They have dinner in the evening. (What time?)

7. These papers usually lie on the manager’s desk. (Where?) 8. People who go on business prefer to travel by air. (Who? How?) 9. I usually go shopping on Saturday. (When?) 10. The librarian helps us to choose books

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for home reading. (Who? What?) 11. The teacher asks us questions. (Who?

What?) 12. Mary arrives at 6 o’clock. (What time?) 13. Mr. Fraser travels to work by train. (How? Where?) 14. I sometimes spend the weekend in the country. (Why?) 15. The Pearsons like to work in the garden. (Where? Who?)

7. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Питер обычно делает домашнее задание перед ужином. 2. Мистер Томпсон сейчас живет в Лондоне. Он преподает английский язык в университете. 3. Ты всегда очень хорошо выглядишь. 4. Аня хорошо катается на коньках. 5. Мы всегда заняты, но мы очень счастливы быть вместе. 6. Он работает? – Нет. Он учится в университете. 7.Вы помогаете людям? 8. Мой брат не любит читать газеты. 9. Каждое воскресенье они играют в футбол. 10. Чем вы любите заниматься в свободное время. 11. Моя мама – доктор. Она работает в больнице. 12. Мне нравится помогать маме по хозяйству. 13. Моя сестра предпочитает классическую музыку. 14. Я живу не далеко от университета, поэтому я хожу туда пешком. 15. Вам нравится спектакль? – Да, очень.

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

Образование

Past Indefinite правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления во всех лицах к форме инфинитива окончания –ed, которое читается как [t], [d], и [ıd]:

Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется различными другими способами. Неправильные глаголы необходимо заучивать. Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени did, и формы инфинитива

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смыслового глагола. Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. Отрицательная форма Past Indefinite образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени did,

частицы not и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола.

The house stood on the hill. – Дом стоял на холме.

When did you see her? – Когда ты видел ее?

She did not know him. – Она не знала его.

Формы глагола в Past Indefinite

Примечание. В разговорной речи вместо полной формы обычно используется сокращенная: didn’t

ГЛАГОЛ TO BE В PAST INDEFINITE

Глагол to be в Past Indefinite имеет 2 личные формы: was, were. Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки личной формы глагола to be перед подлежащим. Отрицательная форма образуется путем постановки not после личной формы глагола to be.

He was proud of my friend. – Он гордился моим другом.

Was Lomonosov a great scientist? – Ломоносов был великим ученым?

Alex and Nick were not on holiday last week. – Алекс и Ник не были в отпуске на прошлой неделе.

Спряжение глагола to be в Past Indefinite.

Употребление

Past Indefinite употребляется для выражения:

1. регулярно повторяющихся действий в прошлом:

Не never talked to us. – Он никогда не разговаривал с нами.

2. последовательных действий в прошлом:

Не opened the door and went out of the room. – Он открыл дверь и вышел из комнаты.

3. однократного действия, которое имело место в прошлом:

Не came from Britain. – Он приехал из Британии.

Обстоятельства времени с которыми употребляется Past

Indefinite:

yesterday (вчера); the day before yesterday (позавчера); the other day (на днях); 3 days, years, months, weeks ... ago (три дня, года, месяца,

недели ... назад); last year, month, week, Monday … (в прошлом году,

месяце, на прошлой неделе, в прошлый понедельник…); in 1999 (в

1999); on the 1st of May (первого Мая).

Exercises

1.Divide the following regular verbs in the Past Indefinite Tense into three groups:

–ed is pronounced as [d]

–ed is pronounced as [t]

–ed is pronounced as [ıd]

needed, finished, asked, lived, expected, benefited, showed, planned, decided, walked, studied, invented, graded, opened, mixed, called, entered, locked, introduced, touched, enjoyed, arrived, liked, pushed, translated, produced, landed, fixed, mailed, discovered, died, played, dropped, borrowed, married, watched

2.Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

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1.George.....................

2.Carol and Jack......................

3.Emma.....................

4.Mr and Mrs Hall......................

5.Ben.....................

6.Sam and Helen......................

7.Brian.....................

8.Mr Brown.....................

10.Mr Jackson........................

11.Kate and Mark..........................

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12. Nora and Roy......................

13.Sue.........................

14.The Smiths.........................

15. And you? I ...........................

4. Make the following sentences: A) negative

1. I understood the teacher’s explanation of the rule. 2. We arrived at the station in time to catch the bus. 3. The economy of Russia was good in

1990’s. 4. We enjoyed the movie King Kong. 5. Americans were the first people to fly to the open space. 6. English was the language of the Roman Empire. 7. They built Rome in a day. 8. That decision was easy to make. 9.

Paul went to bed early last night. 10. The astronaut’s journey to the moon was an easy trip. 11. Atomic bomb was the invention of one scientist. 12. The manager explained office procedures to the new secretary. 13. We spent a lot of money on our vacation last summer. 14. The patient needed to take a lot of medicine. 15. My friend broke his promise to me.

B) interrogative

1. Christopher Columbus was the discoverer of the New World. 2. I watched a good film on TV this evening. 3. He caught a very bad cold on the camping trip. 4. He took three courses in mathematics last semester. 5. Many scientists were responsible for the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert Einstein was one of them. 6. At one time London was the most important city of the world. 7. I drank two cups of coffee for breakfast. 8. I borrowed a thousand dollars from the bank. 9. A terrible accident occurred on the highway last night. 10. Greece was the centre of culture in the ancient world. 11. The Egyptians were the first people to use paper. 12.

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Helen and Alex had a wonderful time at the party last Sunday. 13. We stopped at the store for some groceries. 14. According to the Bible Adam and Eve were the first man and the woman. 15. The singer at the concert reminded me of an old friend of mine.

5. Say the sentences about the past.

1.Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday he ....

2.Rachel often loses her keys. She … her keys yesterday evening.

3.Kate meets her friends every week. She … them last week.

4.I usually buy 2 newspapers every day. Yesterday I ....

5.We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we ....

6.I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ....

7.Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning he ....

8.Our parents come to see us every other day. They ... the day before yesterday.

9.I usually get up at 6 o'clock. Yesterday I ....

10.Caroline goes to the cinema twice a week . In June she ... twice.

11.I clean my teeth every morning. This morning I ....

12.They watch TV every evening. They ... TV yesterday evening.

13.Sam always forgets to take books back to the library. Last month

he….

14.My company introduces a new product every year. The other

day it ...

15.We often take a ride to the country. Last weekend we …

6. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Past Indefinite.

1. Stratford-on-Avon (to be) a small town in central England where Shakespeare (to be born). 2. Renaissance (to mean) “a new revival”, “a revival”. Thus we (to call) the time of the great revival of art and learning which (to cover) the 15th and 16th centuries and (to mark) the transition from medieval to the modern world. 3. Some two centuries ago, when there (not to be) trains, cars and trams, people (to travel) in carriages. 4. The mail coach (to take) both people and the post from town to town. In some carriages the driver (to stand) or (to sit) behind the carriages. Even, when the train (to appear), some English writers (to prefer) to make their heroes to travel by cabs, hansoms and mail-coaches. 5. Latin (to be) a dead language now, but it (to be) the international language some four centuries ago. 6. Many thousands of years ago Cyprus (to be) famous for its copper. Our word “copper” (to originate) from the old word “cuperus”, which (to come)

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from Cyprus. 7. The Metric system (to be) a system of measures and weights which (to be) first adopted in France. 8. In ancient Rome people (to use) sticks of bone or metal with a pointed end for writing on waxed tablets.

They (to call) these sticks “styles”. Now this word (to mean) a mode of writing or speaking. 9. Shishkin (not to create) his picture “Morning in the Pine Wood” alone. The no less famous painter Savitsky (to paint) the bear with her three little cubs.

7. A) Translate the following sentences into English using the Past Indefinite.

1. Вчера у нас было три лекции по химии. 2. Наши друзья навестили нас в четверг. 3. Я был очень рад увидеться с вами снова. 4. Я думал, что вы были очень заняты вчера. 5. Мы начали работу в шесть часов утра, а закончили ее только в шесть часов вечера. 6. Вчера я пришел домой в семь часов вечера. 7. Он окончил университет три года назад. 8. Они говорили по-английски очень хорошо. 9. Лена знала, что Аня была дома. 10. Андрей и Максим легко сдали экзамены в прошлом месяце, так как они были трудолюбивыми студентами. 11. Мы посмотрели этот фильм два дня назад. 12. Вчера мы проснулись очень поздно. 13. Аня прочитала эту книгу в прошлом месяце. 14. Они знали ее имя, но не знали ее адреса. 15. Джейн сказала, что концерт был очень интересным.

B) Translate the following sentences into English using the Present Indefinite or the Past Indefinite.

1. Он улыбнулся, когда увидел своего приятеля в окне вагона. 2. Жаль, что он не хочет воспользоваться такой прекрасной возможностью. 3. Он почувствовал себя плохо и присел на стул. 4. Кажется, он очень интересуется химией? – Да, он увлекался ею ещё в школе. 5. Почему вы не пришли за книгой, когда я вам велела? 6. Она осталась в гостинице, а мы отправились осматривать город. 7. Футболисты очень расстроились, так как проиграли в матче. 8. Он был настолько самоуверен, что считал, что к нему все эти правила не относятся. 9. Он уверен в своей правоте. 10. Многие студенты сделали эту ошибку. 11. Большинство студентов делают подобные ошибки. 12. Мы посетили собор Василия Блаженного и другие достопримечательности Москвы. 13. Они были очень рады увидеться с вами снова. 14. Они гордятся успехами своих детей. 15. Наша библиотека снабжает студентов всеми нужными им книгами.

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