Методичка английский

Exercises

1. Put the following sentences into indirect speech.

1.She says, “It is very cold here”. 2. Mary says, “My brother is a student”. 3. Mother says, “I don’t like sweets”. 4. The guide says, “The house is new”. 5. The child says, “These apples are very sweet”. 6. Jane says, “My grandmother has been a pensioner for 2 years”. 7. Nick says, “You were planting seedlings in the vegetable garden the whole day yesterday, Mary”.8. The boy says, “There is no bread on the table, Mother”.

9.The student says, “My friends are busy today”. 10. Mother says, “It’s too late to go out”. 11. The girl says, “I am not married yet”. 12. The children say, “We are happy to be here”. 13. Frank says, “Dick’s dog is very clever”.

14.His wife says, “I am going to tell you everything”. 15. The lecturer says, “Students, you will have a test tomorrow”.

2.Put the following sentences into direct speech.

1. He says that his family is in the south now. 2. My friend says that he is a third-year student. 3. Mother says that my brother is going to take me to the Zoo on Sunday. 4. She says that we are clever students. 5. Father says that Mother and he are going to have a party on Sunday. 6. John says that he is very tired. 7. Nick says that he will be busy tomorrow. 8. Mother says to

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John to take some apples on the table. 9. Tourists say they are going to take an excursion about the town. 10. Mother says to buy some bread. 11. Businessmen say they have already made an appointment. 12. Mike answers that everything will be O’K. 13. Students ask how often they take exams.

14. Nick and Jane ask what sights they will see on a journey. 15. Agricultural workers ask how much money they will get on the farm.

3. Put the following sentences into indirect speech.

1.“I have many beautiful flowers,” he said, “but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all”. 2. “I am not a family man”, he said. 3. “It is your garden now, little children”, said the Giant. 4. She said, “There are some reasons why I can’t stay here”. 5. “You don’t understand me, Harry,” answered the artist. 6. “I’m looking for my mother”, the boy answered. 7. “Much work has been done in this direction”, answered the director. 8. “The taxi is waiting at the porch”, said an operator. 9. “I went to the exhibition yesterday”, said Nick. 10. “I can’t understand what he is talking about,” replied Bessie. 11. “I like birthday presents best”, said Alice after a pause.

12.Nick answered sadly, “I had been to that house much earlier they came”.

13.“I will go shopping on Saturday”, said Jane. 14. Father ordered, “Come here, son”. 15. “Buy some milk, please”, asked Bill.

4.Put the following general and special questions into indirect

speech.

1.“Is it the story about me?” he said. 2. “Is that the end of the

story?” asked the Water-Rat. 3. “Is there word of truth in this story?” the girl asked. 4. “Are you ready to start?” Macomber asked. 5. “Is there any way by which I can get it?” cried the Nightingale. 6. “Are we having tea in the kitchen?” she asked Tom. 7. She asked, “May I go out?” 8. “Do you know many people round here?” asked the niece. 9. He said, “Do you mean to say that the story has a moral?” 10. “Where is your little friend?” he asked the children. 11. “What are you doing here?” he cried angrily. 12. “Who do you borrow the books from?” said the teacher. 13. The lecturer says, “Have you already spoken to the Dean?” 14. Bill says, “Were you working overtime, John?” 15. Students say, “How often do we take exams?”

5. Put the following indirect questions into direct speech. Choose the right tense (Past Indefinite, Present Perfect, Future Indefinite).

1. She asked her friend if he had seen Mary that day. 2. He asked if it had rained heavily the previous year. 3. Mother asked me if I had bought anything for supper. 4. She asked what sandwiches I had made for the picnic. 5. I asked him what had made him go to Africa. 6. The Dean asked if

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we had taken all our exams. 7. He asked how long it had taken them to settle the matter. 8. She asked Mother if they would have any guests for dinner. 9. He asked if they would fly or go by train. 10. The Miller asked little Hans if he had been happy during the winter. 11. He asked the doctor if he would prescribe her anything else. 12. Father asked if they would live in the country in summer. 13. The chief accountant asked her colleagues if a financial statement had been drawn up. 14. The driver asked if his car had been repaired. 15.The chief agronomist asked if the seeds had been prepared for planting.

6. Put the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. He said, “I salute you, my little friend.” 2. He said, “I congratulate you, Miss Carnaby”. 3. She said, “I really apologize for bothering you, Mr. Poirot”. 4. “My friend, my celebrated friend, Mr. Poirot,” she said to the people sitting at a table. 5. Mr. Brown said, “Good morning, Mr. Smith! How are you? I’m so happy to see you again”. 6. Fred said, “Sam, old chap! Hello! Come in! What a surprise!” 7. Boris said, “Hello, Alec! What are you busy with?” 8. He said, “I think, Sir Joseph, that in your position you should be careful.” (advice) 9. She said, “We’d better get back to the hotel”. (suggestion) 10. He said, “Can I be of any assistance to you?” (offer) 11. “No, little Swallow,” said the poor Prince, “you must go away to Egypt”. 12. “So you see, Mr. Poirot, you will have to be very careful,” she said anxiously. 13. “I cannot understand why the spring is so late in coming”, said the Selfish Giant. 14. “Well, perhaps, your feelings may be different”, said Alice. 15. He said, “Why should Clayton and two members of his gang travel together?”

7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Она говорит, что у нее в саду нет красных роз. 2. Он сообщает своим друзьям, что сегодня у них совещание. 3. Декан объявляет, что у студентов 2 курса сегодня свободный день. 4. Управляющий сообщает своим сотрудникам, что у него есть важные новости. 5. Мама просит детей придти вовремя. 6. Он велит своей секретарше отправить факс немедленно. 7. Учитель спрашивает своих учеников, есть ли у них вопросы. 8. Она спрашивает Тома, большая ли у него семья. 9. Мама спрашивает, когда я пойду за покупками. 10. Он сказал, что проведет там 5 дней. 11. Он спросил, когда на предприятии проводилась ревизия. 12. Студенты спросили, когда начнутся каникулы. 13. Она посоветовала слушаться советов врача. 14. Она пожаловалась, что ей пришлось идти пешком, т.к. она не могла сесть в автобус. 15. Он сказал, что отчет должен быть составлен к среде.

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СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

THE PASSIVE VOICE

Образование

При преобразовании предложений из действительного залога в страдательный необходимо помнить следующее:

а) глагол в страдательном залоге ставят в том же времени, что и в действительном. Лицо и число может меняться, так как меняется подлежащее.

I read newspapers in the evening. – Я читаю газеты вечером.

Newspapers are read in the evening. – Газеты читают(ся)вечером.

б) дополнение в действительном залоге будет подлежащим в страдательном и наоборот.

They built new houses in our street. – Они строят новые дома на нашей улице.

New houses are built in our street. – На нашей улице строятся новые дома.

в) дополнение с предлогом by в страдательном залоге часто опускается, если оно выражено личным местоимением.

He showed me a picture. – Он показал мне картину.

A picture was shown to me (by him). – Мне показали картину.

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г) если сказуемое действительного залога выражено сочетанием модального глагола с инфинитивом, то в страдательном ему соответствует сочетание того же модального глагола с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге.

He must clean the room. – Он должен убрать в комнате. The room must be cleaned. – В комнате необходимо убрать.

Отрицательная и вопросительная формы образуются по тем же правилам, что и формы действительного залога. В отрицательной форме частица подставится после вспомогательного глагола:

John isn't helped by Mary. - Джону Мэри не помогает.

При сложной форме вспомогательного глагола частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола:

John hasn't been helped by Mary. - Джону Мэри не помогла.

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол (в сложной форме первый по счету) обычно ставится перед подлежащим:

Is John helped by Mary? - Джону Мэри помогает?

Употребление

Страдательный залог употребляется:

1. для того чтобы не упоминать исполнителя действия, а именно:

a) исполнитель не известен, или его не хотят упоминать.

His laptop was stolen at the airport last week. – Его ноутбук был украден в аэропорту на прошлой неделе.

b) называние исполнителя не является важным, акцент создается на объекте и результате воздействия.

The contract was signed two days ago. – Договор был подписан два дня назад.

c) исполнитель ясен из ситуации или контекста, следовательно, его не нужно называть.

Landon was eliminated because of using a foul blow. – Лэндон был исключен из числа участников соревнования за применение запрещенного удара. (Не упомянаются судьи, исключившие Лэндона)

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d) научная, техническая, учебная литература и различные руководства.

The container is under pressure. It should be kept from direct sunlight and heating over 40°C! – Баллон находится под давлением.

Предохранять от воздействия прямых солнечных лучей и нагревания свыше 40°C!

2. и, наоборот, для того чтобы акцентировать внимание на исполнителе.

Xavier! This article is written by your cousin! – Ксавье! Эта статья написана твоим двоюродным братом!

В страдательном залоге не употребляются:

1.непереходные глаголы: to live (жить), to cry (плакать), to leave (уходить) и др. Некоторые переходные глаголы так же не могут быть употреблены в страдательном залоге. В основном это глаголы состояния: to contain (содержать в себе), to have (иметь), to own

(владеть, обладать) и др.

2.глаголы-связки: to be, to become, to get и др.

3.модальные глаголы.

Exercises

1. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.Our students are given a lot of homework to do every day. 2. What kind of books are discussed in class? 3. How many houses are built in our city every year? 4. Why aren't these exercises done? 5. Dinner is being cooked. Wait a little. 6. I'm afraid we are being waited for. 7. He knew he was being followed. 8. The film will be shown from five till seven. 9. Don't you see that you are being laughed at? 10. Don't talk so loudly. We are being listened to. 11. What about his new novel? — It's being translated into French. 12. She understood she wasn't being listened to. 13. They said this book had been published by the end of the month. 14. Who told you that the film would be shown on TV on Sunday? 15. I know that the letter has already been dictated to the secretary.

2.Use the verb in brackets in the passive voice.

1.Visitors ... (allow) into the house and grounds between 9.00 and

5.30p.m. 2. Many folk songs … (use) in Tchaikovsky’s compositions. 3.

Guests ... (request) not to feed the animals. 4. People ... (advise) not to leave

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their cars while touring the safari park. 5. You ... (ask) not to touch the furniture.

6.The boxer … (give) some instructions by the coach before every competition. 7. The staff... (not permit) to accept tips. 8. Lunch ... (serve) in the cafeteria from 11.00 to 2.30. 9. He … (not forgive) still by his friends.

10.This popular TV program … (watch) by millions of people every week.

11.The manager … (ask) to participate in the discussion last month.

12.Many art objects … (give) regularly to the museums. 13. The children … (send) usually to the camp for summer. 14. The child … (look) for. 15. The mail … (deliver) always by the postman.

3. Use these sentences in the interrogative and negative forms.

1.Ted was stung by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. 2. When we returned, the door had been locked. 3. My baggage tags were attached to my ticket. 4. Local calls are booked well in advance. 5. We've been completely linked out recently. 6. The second resolution was discussed yesterday. 7.The customers are being served at the moment. 8. My girlfriend was offered a job in a Comet shop. 9. You’ll be asked a lot of questions at the interview. 10. A new Metro line is being constructed now.

11.I was given two hours to make a decision. 12. The men were paid $800 to do the job. 13. Maize is used by many peoples of the world to make their bread. 14. Evidently the tea had been sweetened before I put sugar into in.

15.Trucks and lorries are produced at the plant.

4.Rewrite the sentences in passive beginning with the given words.

1.Someone will give you the information later. You ... . 2. They

expect the president to visit Germany. The president ... . 3. Someone knocked me over in the street. I ... . 4. Scientists carry many interesting experiments in our laboratory. Many interesting experiments … . 5. Someone sent me a letter. A letter ... . 6. The professor gave the student a new task. The student … . 7. The author touches upon many important problems in this book. Many important problems … . 8. Someone has broken the window. The window … . 9. Russia exports many goods from China. Many goods … . 10. The government takes much care of mothers and children in our country. Mothers and children … . 11. They showed me their letters of appointment. Their letters of appointment … . 12. The criminal has just robbed the shop. The shop … . 13. They will grant me a leave in July if there is no urgent work to be done. I … . 14. The commander charged him with a responsible mission. He … . 15. His parents regularly sent him parcels. The parcels …

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5. Say that something was done yesterday, last week etc.

Example: I want you to write a letter. - But the letter was written yesterday.

1. Don't forget to reserve two singles for us. 2. Will you have finished writing your report by noon? 3. I know she likes flowers. She'll be happy if you send her a bouquet. 4. I advise you to hold a meeting on the problem. 5.Don't forget to invite Pete to the party. 6. I'd like to tell you the news about your son. 7. Don't forget to pay him money back. 8. She is telling you to consult a solicitor. 9. Don t forget to submit the information on the issue by 11 o'clock. 10. I know this kind of people. He'll promise to offer you a job as soon as possible. 11. Kevin is to provide the subcontractors with the payment terms. Remind him of doing it as soon as possible. 12. Mind that you are to prepare a tentative programme for the coming business partners. 13. Don’t forget to prepare for the tomorrow test.14. Mind you should send your article to the newspaper next week. 15. She is telling you to water the flowers.

6. Make a passive sentence from the words in brackets. Example:

A:Is Marge popular?

B:Yes (she/ like/ by everybody). – Yes, she is liked by everybody.

1. A: Last night somebody broke into our house. B: Oh dear. (anything/take?) ... 2. The cathedral looks very old. (when/it/build?) ... 3. Where's my bicycle? It’s gone. (it/steal) ... 4. The people next door disappeared six months ago. (they/not see/since then) ... 5. A tree was lying across the road. (it/ blow down/in the storm) ... 6. The room looks different. (it /paint/since I was last here?)... 7. There is a very popular television programme, (every week/it/watch/ by millions of people) ... 8. George didn't have his car yesterday, (it/service/at the garage) ... 9. A: Did anybody call an ambulance to the scene of the accident? B: Yes. (but nobody /injure/ so/ it/not need) ... 10. A: There's no longer military service in Britain. B: Really? (when/it/abolish?).... 11. Mr. Kelly can't use his office at the moment. (it/ redecorate)... 12. A: Was there any trouble at the demonstration? B: Yes. (about twenty people/arrest) ... 13. What happens to the cars produced at the factory? (most of them/export?) ... 14. Last quarter the price of a retail item was increased by 45%. (how much/ it/increase/this quarter?)... 15. The captain changed the course. (he/warn/by the Air Traffic Control/of bad weather) ... .

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7. Translate into English.

1.Во время экскурсии по городу нам показали молочный завод.

2.Моя секретарь подтвердила, что вся необходимая документация была отправлена еще вчера. 3. Данное мнение о развитии компании разделяет большинство ее сотрудников. 4. Музыка на вечеринке была очень громкой: ее было слышно издалека. 5. Мне сказали, чтобы я встретил их на вокзале. 6. Сейчас много говорят о фильме Джеймса Камерона "Титаник". 7. Встреча руководителей предприятий закончится к четырем часам. К этому времени будут обсуждены основные вопросы сотрудничества и подписан проект договора. 8. Над ним смеются. Неужели он этого не понимает? 9. Когда мы пришли, вопрос все еще обсуждался. 10. Нам в лагерь регулярно доставляют на вертолете провизию и почту. 11. Когда мы приехали в Киев, это здание было только что восстановлено. 12. Мне еще ничего об этом не говорили. 13. Почему так прохладно в зале? – Его как раз проветривают. 14. Трое студентов в нашей группе освобождены от занятий физкультуры, так как они занимаются в спортивных секциях.

15.Ваш проект уже принят? – Нет, он еще рассматривается.

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УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

CONDITIONALS

Образование.

Условное придаточное предложение является частью сложноподчиненного предложения, где главное предложение выражает следствие условия, заключенного в придаточном. Условные предложения могут выражать реальное и нереальное условие, а главное предложение, соответственно, может выражать реальное или нереальное следствие. И условие, и следствие могут относиться к настоящему, прошедшему и будущему.

Способы выражения условия