Методичка английский

Example: They went to England. They left school. (after) - They went to England after they had left school.

1. The sun rose. He woke up. (before) 2. He died. He was very ill. (before) 3. I understood the problem. He explained. (as soon as) 4. She wrote the letter. She went to the post office. (after) 5. I drove to the airport. The plane took off. (when) 6. She read the message carefully. She wrote the reply. (before) 7. He left the room. I turned on the radio. (as soon as) 8. The sun set. They finished their work. (before) 9. He had dinner. He went to the cinema. (after) 10. The man didn’t leave. He didn’t receive a definite answer. (till) 11. We didn’t say a word. He finished his story. (until) 12. We reached the football ground. The game started. (when) 13. John worked as a skilled builder. He began to study architecture. (before) 14. Harold couldn’t leave for home. He completed everything. (till) 15. The snow was very deep. It snowed heavily. (after)

4. Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets.

Example: I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/ work/ hard all day) – I was tired as I had been working hard all day.

1. The two men came into the house. They had a football and they were both very exciting. (they/ play/ football) 2. Yesterday morning I looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was very wet. (it/ rain/ all night long) 3. When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. (they/ fight) 4. Ken had bad yellow teeth and problems with his health. (he/ smoke/ 30 years) 5. There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody/ smoke/ in the room) 6. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was. (she/ dream/ badly) 7. When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (Mike/ watch/ TV) 8. Mother came home. Her children were watching television. (they/ not/ do/ any work) 9. Brother and sister came home with angry faces. (they/ quarrel/ on the way home) 10. There was nobody in the kitchen. But a delicious smell of fresh bread was in the air. (mother/ bake/ bread) 11. Mary closed her eyes. She felt very tired. (she/ read/ too long) 12. You came home from a party. You were nearly dropping on your feet. (you/ dance/ all night) 13. When I looked at my typewriter, I saw a sheet of paper in it. (somebody/ use/ my typewriter) 14. Entering the room he touched the lamp. It was hot. (the electric light/ burn/ all night) 15. I was surprised my papers were in a mess. (somebody/ read/ my papers).

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5.Use the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Perfect in the following sentences.

1.I didn’t remember much about the Pimleys whom I (to see) for about twelve years. 2. He said that they (to hunt) hard for seven days. 3. She was aware that they (to get) on each other’s nerves lately. 4. He told me he

(not to hear) from her since the day she walked out of their office. 5. I was happy that ever since Max moved in here, the place (to ring) with laughter.

6.By 12 o’clock they (to write) a composition for two hours. 7. It seemed to me that I (to do) nothing since I arrived. 8. Here I saw this man, whom I (to lose) sight of some time; for I (to travel) in the provinces. 9. I saw that it was 2 o'clock. We (to sit) there for half an hour. 10. Rainborough noticed that she (to cry), her face was stained with tears ... 11. George made no answer, and we found that he (to be) asleep for some time. 12. I told him I (to be) in all evening. 13. They (to drive) for half an hour before Blair spoke. 14. He quite forgot that Ann (to be) divorced for three months. 15. He went to the theatre to see the play which (to run) for a week.

6.Put the verbs into the most suitable form: the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous.

1.The workers ……. (to be) on a strike for three weeks when the agreement on pay ……. (to be reached). 2. When she got the results of her medical tests, she realized that she ……. (to feel) ill since she …… (to be) on holiday. 3. The door was unlocked. She ……. (to wonder) who ……. (to leave) the door open. 4. He ……. (to play) football when the ball …….(to hit) his head. 5. He ……. (to drive) to work for half an hour when suddenly his car ……. (to break) down. 6. When he ……. (to arrive) at the office he ……. (to discover) that he ……. (to leave) all the necessary papers at home.

7.Susan ……. (to type) some letters when the boss ……. (to ask) her into his office. 8. She looked tired. She ……. (to type) letters all morning. 9. Yesterday afternoon it ……. (still to rain) when I ……. (to get) home. 10. He ……. (to clean) the car when the phone rang, so he ……. (not to answer) it. 11. When I ……. (to be) little, my mother ……. (to use) to feed me. 12. Jane’s clothes were wet. She ……. (to wash) her dog. 13. Jerry ……. (to be) nervous, for he ……. (never to flow) in an airplane before. 14. I ……. (never to like) going to the cinema on my own when I was a teenager. 15. Kate ……. (to dance), but when she saw a newcomer she ……. (to stop).

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7. Translate into English using the past tenses.

1. Мери, которая с утра убирала квартиру, услышала звонок и вышла в холл. 2. Сколько времени вы катались на велосипедах, прежде чем пошел дождь? 3. До того, как секретарь пригласила меня войти, я ждала минут двадцать. 4. Дождь шел уже больше часа, как вдруг раздался удар грома. 5. Она вскрикнула, было очевидно, ей приснился кошмар. 6. Ребятам было очень жарко, с самого утра они играли в футбол. 7. Сколько времени она брала уроки английского, прежде чем поступила в университет? 8. Она долго обдумывала, что ей делать, и только потом поняла, что делать-то было нечего. 9. Я так давно надеялась получить у него автограф, но он так и не приехал в наш город. 10. Когда он, наконец, прибыл в Лондон, оказалось, что он летел почти тридцать шесть часов. 11. Гости ушли. Теперь они сидели одни перед камином в гостиной. 12. Люди, которых она встречала по дороге домой, улыбались и спрашивали, как она провела отпуск. 13. Я думаю, он показал мне около тридцати картин. Это был результат шести лет, в течение которых он рисовал. 14. Он путешествовал уже два дня, но выглядел свежим и не чувствовал усталости. 15. Мы с Джоном пошли гулять. Мне было сложно за ним успеть (to keep up with), так как он шел слишком быстро.

БУДУЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Образование

Future Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в будущем времени (shall/ will) и третьей основной формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол shall или will ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола shall или will ставится отрицание not.

He will have asked. – Он спросит.

Will he have asked? – Спросит ли он?

He will not have asked. – Он не спросит.

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Формы глагола в Future Perfect

Употребление

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое закончится до определенного момента в будущем. Момент в будущем, до которого закончится действие, может быть выражен:

а) обстоятельством времени с предлогом by (by 5 o'clock, by the end of the year и т.д.).

He will have read the book by tomorrow. – К завтрашнему дню он прочтет книгу.

б) обстоятельством времени с предлогом in – через (о времени: in a week - через неделю).

He will have redecorated a house in a week. – Он закончит ремонт дома через неделю.

By the end of the week we’ll have finished this work. – К концу недели мы закончим эту работу.

в) другим будущим действием, выраженным Present Indefinite в придаточном предложении времени с такими союзами, как before (до того как), when (когда).

When we meet next time, I’ll have read this book. – Когда мы встретимся в следующий раз, я уже прочитаю эту книгу.

I’ll have read the book before we meet. – Я прочту эту книгу до того, как мы встретимся.

Если употребляется с наречием already и другими обстоятельственными словами, то эти слова ставятся после вспомогательного глагола shall и will:

By the end of this week my friend will already have written his paper on history. – К концу этой недели мой друг уже напишет свой доклад по истории.

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БУДУЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННО-ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

Future Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в форме future perfect (shall/ will have) и

четвертой основной формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол shall или will ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола shall или will ставится отрицание not.

He will have been asking. – Он будет спрашивать.

Will he have been asking? – Будет ли он спрашивать? He will not have been asking? – Он не будет спрашивать.

Формы глагола в Future Perfect Continuous

Употребление

Future Perfect Continuous обозначает действие, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем и будет продолжаться до этого момента и в этот момент в будущем:

In 15 minutes we shall have been writing a test for two hours. –

Через 15 минут будет два часа, как мы пишем контрольную.

Предложения с Future Perfect Continuous соответствуют сложноподчиненным предложениям в русском языке. Это время употребляется достаточно редко.

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Exercises

1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1.She will have cooked dinner by the time you come. 2. The teacher will have looked through all our exercise-books by the end of the week. 3. The film will already have started when we get there. 4. I shall have read the book by next Monday. 5. My parents will have gone to bed when we come back from the theatre. 6. The students will have passed their exams by July. 7. We shall have finished our work by the time the bell rings. 8. I shall have passed all exams before we meet. 9. The house will have been reconstructed by September. 10. The field will have been ploughed by the time of planting. 11. The targets of sales will have been achieved by the

New Year. 12. I shall have finished my work by 6 o’clock. 13. When we meet I shall have called you. 14. When you come he will have had a bath.

15.The singer will have been singing for more than an hour by the end of the first part of the show.

2.What will life be like in the year 2100? Complete the sentences using will (shall) have + Past Participle Form.

Example: By 2100 the world’s population will have increased to around 30000 million.

1.Life … (become) more automated by then. 2. Computers … (take over) many of the jobs that people do today. 3. The earth’s supplies of oil, coal and gas … (run out). 4. … scientists (find) other sources of energy? 5. How … education … (change)? 6. … we (find) a way to feed all the people in the world? 7. … the climate (change) greatly? 8. Many new medicines … (be invented) that will save the life of many sick people. 9. Man … (land) the Mars. 10. One universal language … (be used) by all countries. 11. People (stop) war actions all over the word. 12. Cars (be driven) by computers. 13. The nature (not / be polluted) any longer. 14. … agricultural plants and animals (be grown) in vitro? 15. How … monetary system …

(change)?

3.Complete the sentences using the Future Perfect Tense of the suggested verbs.

1.By the time you meet him he … (do a lot of work). 2. By the time

the lessons are over the students … (leave the lecture room). 3. When my letter reaches you I … (move to New York). 4. Before I hear from my sister again I … (make many inquires about her). 5. Before supper my father … (look through evening papers). 6. By the time we get there the sun … (set).

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7. Before you learn to speak English fluently you … (do many exercises). 8. By the time you get your pay she … (spend all the money). 9. They …

(arrive to some agreement) before the meeting is over. 10. We hope our luggage … (arrive) before we take a flight. 11. Auditing … (conduct) before discussing a new business project. 12. The children … (decorate) the fir-tree before the father comes from the office. 13. All fruit and vegetables … (pick up) before it rains. 14. A car … (repair) at the service station by 3 p.m. 15. He … (be) a pensioner for ten years next spring.

4. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1. In 15 minutes father will have been working in the garden for three hours. 2. Next year Jim will have been studying a foreign language for 5 years. 3. In a month they will have been traveling abroad for a year. 4. The workers will have been restoring the building for a year in autumn. 5.

Next summer he’ll have been teaching for 10 years at that university. 6. The children will have been sleeping for 2 hours by the time the parents come home. 7. In summer my brother will have been traveling in Siberia for a year. 8. In 2 years my father will have been working at the factory for 30 years. 9. In September they will have building their country house for 2 years. 10. It will have been snowing for a week tomorrow. 11. She will have been working as an accountant in the firm for 10 years in a year. 12. In half an hour they will have been writing a test for 2 hours. 13. In March 2012 she will have been dancing on this stage for 15 years. 14. Next year it will be 3 years our group will have been doing research. 15. In a month he will have been playing football for 7 years.

5. Make the Future Perfect Continuous. Choose the positive, negative or question form:

1.I … (work) all weekend so I won’t be energetic on Sunday night.

2.How long … (you / wait) when you finally get your exam results? 3. Julie … (not / eat) much, so we’ll need to make sure she has a good meal when she arrives. 4. How long … (she / plan) to move house when she finally moves? 5. … (she / wait) long by the time we get there? 6. … (he / play) computer games for ten hours when he finally stops? 7. They … (study) all day, so they’ll want to go out in the evening. 8. They … (not / stay) in the hotel for long when she arrives. 9. I … (not / walk) when I meet you – I’ll have been cycling. 10. She … (play) squash, so she won’t be dressed up. 11. We … (look) at houses for four months next Tuesday. 12. We … (not / do) this project for long when the inspector arrives. 13. How long … (you / work) on this project when it is finished? 14. … (you / buy) clothes when I

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see you? May be freely copied for personal or classroom use. 15. He … (not

/do) much work, so he’ll be happy to start a new project.

6.Open the brackets.

1.They already (rehearse) for an hour when we come. 2. I (work) in this company for 10 years next April. 3. By next year he (write) the novel for three years. 4. She (to type) an urgent paper for the conference. 5. The thieves are sure that they (drive) for 6 hours when the police discover the robbery in the morning. 6. Bob (to tidy up) his room by his mother coming.

7.He already (to paint) a portrait for the exhibition. 8. Peter (to cook) dinner by the time his wife comes. 9. They (to study) for 3 hours when you come. 10. She (to buy) a wedding dress by the time her wedding takes place. 11. They (to go) by the time we come here. 12. I (to receive) a letter by the end of the week. 13. The train is to leave at nine o’clock. They (to pack) their suitcase by that time. 14. I (to see) the film by 8 o’clock. 15. She

(to learn) the new words for the spelling test which her teacher is going to give tomorrow.

7.Translate the sentences from Russian into English using future perfect continuous and future perfect.

1.В следующем году будет 10 лет, как она работает в больнице.

2.Через два дня будет ровно месяц, как я учусь водить автомобиль. 3. Он вернется домой к 15 августа. 4. Через неделю будет три года, как они строят кинотеатр в нашем районе. 5. Думаю, к 10 часам вечера концерт уже закончится. 6. Мы уберем квартиру и накроем на стол до того, как придут гости. 7. Строители закончат новую линию метро к 10 мая. 8. Она приготовит ужин до того, как придет мама. 9. Будущим летом будет пять лет, как наша группа работает над этой проблемой.

10.В следующем году исполнится 6 лет, как он играет в хоккей в этой команде. 11. Вы построите дом к июню? 12. Завтра к 5 часам я не напишу курсовую работу. 13. Спроси, когда он закончит подготовку к экзаменам. 14. Через несколько дней будет год, как он пишет эту книгу. 15. В августе будет два года, как он пишет портрет своей жены.

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СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН. ПРЯМАЯ И КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

SEQUENCE OF TENSES. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Образование