Answers

1 B

2. B

3 E

4 D

5 D

6 A

7 B

8 A

1. Answer: 1. A review and percussion of abdomen is in different positions of patient, palpation of abdomen. 2. The change of form of abdomen depends on the change of position of body (in position upright reminds a sack half, in horizontal position is a frog abdomen, changeability in the case of turn on a side), exumbilication. During percussion above a liquid a dull percussion sound is determined, above an intestine - tympanitis, in the case of turn on a side is changing of area of dull percussion sound. Positive symptom of fluctuation during palpation. 3. Even increase of abdomen, stable form during the change of position of body, belly-button of it smoothed. During percussion above all of surface of abdomen a tympanic sound is determined, during palpation is absence of fluctuation.

2. Answer: 1. Partial intestinal impassability. 2. The local thrusting out and visible peristalsis is higher than place of impassability. 3. At the cicatrical narrowing, indigitation, twist of bowel and other.

3. Answer: 1. About pathology of gall-bladder or duodenum. 2. Local resistance of abdominal wall during palpation. 3. Localization of resistance shows a pathological process in a subject organ.

4. Answer: 1. Perforation of ulcer with development of diffuse peritonitis. 2. Absence of participation of abdomen is in the act of breathing. 3. Positive symptom of Schetkin-Blyumberg; disappearance of noises of intestine is conditioned paralysis of his muscles, that is related to development of peritonitis.

5. Answer: 1. Odynophagia. 2. Presence of dyscynesia, strictures, achalasia, shrine of gullet, compression of gullet from outside by aneurysm of aorta, tumour of ediastinum. 3. Ezofagoskopiyu, a roentgenologic, эндоскопическое, ultrasonic esophagoprobe is a histological study of biomaterials of mucous membrane of gullet, cells research.

6. Answer: 1. Massive gastroenteric bleeding. 2. Melena. 3. Urgent fybrogastroscopy with the purpose of establishment of source of bleeding and his liquidation by means of endoscopic methods, determination of hematocrit.

7. Answer: 1. About the disease of liver, gall-bladder ways. 2. Complaints from the side of cns, itch of skin, icterus, fever. 3. Engaging in the inflammatory process of peritoneum, that covers liver or gall-bladder, considerable tension of gall-bladder, discinesia of bilious ways.

8. Answer: 1. About the presence of bilious colic. 2. Positive symptoms of Myusi, Ker, Ortner. 3. Spastic reduction of muscles of general bilious channel, increase in him of pressure, spasm of Oddi’s sphincter as a result illnesses or bad function of bilious ways.