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Ⱥɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ N |
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Ⱥɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ Q |
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ɩɚɭɡɚ
qut
Ɋɢɫ. 11. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɮɚɝɚ O. Ⱥɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ N ɢ Q.
ɉɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɟɥɤɚ Q ɮɚɝɚ O. ɗɬɨ ȾɇɄ-ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 5’-ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ ɨɩɟɪɨɧɚ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɛɟɥɤɨɦ. ɋɪɚɡɭ ɡɚ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ U-ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɦ Q.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ (ɪɢɫ. 12), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɷɥɨɧɝɚɰɢɢ/ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ (ɪɢɫ. 13). Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ V ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɟ ȾɇɄ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɵ. ȾɇɄ-ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ. ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɷɥɨɧɝɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɬɬɟɧɸɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɊɇɄ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɥɤɚ. Ⱥɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ.
ɇɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞɵ Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɵ V D EE’
Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ V-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
Ɋɟɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɵ
ɗɧɯɚɧɫɟɪɵ
Ɋɢɫ. 12. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ
D EE’
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Ⱥɬɬɟɧɸɚɰɢɹ |
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ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ |
1 2 |
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ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ |
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D EE’ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ |
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ɋɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɛɟɥɤɚ
Ⱥɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ
N
NusG
NusA D EE’
Ɋɢɫ. 13. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɷɥɨɧɝɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ ɮɚɝɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɨɦ, ɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɮɚɝɚ O
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ – ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝ O. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɮɚɝ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɨɱɟɪɧɢɯ ɮɚɝɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ ɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ O ɦɚɥɨ, ɬɨ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɟɧɨɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɞɚɬɶ “ɬɪɭɞɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ” ɜ ɥɢɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɝɪɨɡɢɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɚɝ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ “ɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɧɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ” ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 14 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɝɟɧɨɦɚ ɮɚɝɚ O ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɤ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ.
Ƚɟɧɨɦ |
tR2 |
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tL1 |
tR1 |
tt |
NuI A...J |
att int xis CIII N rex CI |
cro CII |
OP Q SR |
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PL |
PR Po |
PR’ |
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Pi/CII |
PRE/CII |
PaQ/CII |
Ɋɚɧɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɵ: N ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɵ tL1 ɢ tR1
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tL1 |
tR1 |
tR2tt |
NuI A...J |
att int xis CIII |
rex CI |
OP Q SR |
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Po |
PR’ |
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Pi/CII |
PRE/CII |
PaQ/CII |
Ɉɬɫɪɨɱɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɵ:ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
cAMP HflA CII
Ɋɢɫ. 14. Ƚɟɧɨɦ ɮɚɝɚ O. ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ O ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ - PL ɢ PR. Ɍɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɬɵ ɫ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ tL1 ɢ tR1, ɬ.ɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɢ N ɢ cro. Ȼɟɥɨɤ N ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɛɟɥɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɊɇɄ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɡɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɟɧɵ CII ɢ CIII. Ɍɟɬɪɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɋII ɛɟɥɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɜ ɮɚɝɚ O, ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 14 ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ “/CII”. Ȼɟɥɨɤ CII ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɟɧ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɡɭ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɚɡɚɦɢ HflA ɢ HflB. CIII ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɛɟɥɨɤ CII. ɋɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ CII ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɨ, ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɬ ɮɚɝ O. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ cAMP ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɥɤɚ
CAP, ɪɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ HflA ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪ ɥɢɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ – CII.
Ʌɢɡɨɝɟɧɢɹ: ɋII ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ int, ɋI ɢ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɧɫ Q
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tL1 |
tR1 |
tR2tt |
NuI A...J |
att xis CIII N rex |
cro |
OP Q SR |
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PL |
PR Po |
PR’ |
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Ʌɢɡɨɝɟɧɢɹ: ɋI ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ, ɤɪɨɦɟ PRM |
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A...J |
att int xis |
CIII N rex |
cro CII |
OP |
Q SR |
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Pi/CII |
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PRE/CII |
PaQ/CII |
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Ɋɢɫ. 15. Ʌɢɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɚɝɚ O. |
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Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɚɝɚ: |
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ɋI ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɟɬɫɹ recA, cro ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ PRM |
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tR2 |
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tL1 |
tR1 |
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tt |
NuI |
A...J |
att int xis |
CIII N rex CI |
CII |
OP |
Q SR |
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Po |
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PR’ |
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Pi/CII |
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PRE/CII |
PaQ/CII |
Ɋɢɫ. 16. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɚɝɚ O ɢɡ ɥɢɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ CII ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɜ PI/CII, PRE/CII ɢ PaQ/CII (ɪɢɫ. 15). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɊɇɄ ɤ ɦɊɇɄ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ cro ɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ O ɢ P, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ O. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɡɚ Int ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ CI. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɊɇɄ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ PL ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɦ N, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɝɟɧ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɡɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɚ 3’-ɤɨɧɰɟ ɷɬɚ ɦɊɇɄ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɇɄɚɡɨɣ III, ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɊɇɄ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ PI/CII ɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɟɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɡɵ, ɧɨ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɊɇɄ ɧɟɬ nut - ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɚ N.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɟɧɨɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɟɥɨɤ CI, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪ PRM ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɵ PL ɢ PR.
ɉɪɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ SOS-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ RecA ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ SOS-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ lexA. Ɏɚɝ O
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ, ɫɞɟɥɚɜ CI ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ RecA-ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ CI ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ PR ɢ PL ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɵ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɛɟɥɨɤ cro ɢɧɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ PRM ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ PR ɢ PL, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦ (ɪɢɫ. 16).
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɝɚ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 17) ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɜ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ CI ɢ CII.
Ʌɢɡɢɫ: ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ
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tL1 |
tR1 |
tR2tt |
NuI A...J |
att int xis |
rex CI |
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SR |
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Po |
PR’ |
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Pi/CII |
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PRE/CII |
PaQ/CII |
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Ʌɢɡɢɫ: Q ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪ tt |
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tL1 |
tR1 |
tR2tt |
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att int xis |
CIII N rex CI |
cro CII |
OP |
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PL |
PR Po |
PR’ |
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Pi/CII |
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PRE/CII |
PaQ/CII |
Ɋɢɫ. 17. Ʌɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɚɝɚ O.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ O ɢ P, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ Q. ɇɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ Q ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɬɨɪ tt. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ PR' ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɥɢɡɢɫɚ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɮɚɝɚ O ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɤɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɝɟɧɨɜ. Ɏɚɝ O ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɮɚɝɚ T4
ȿɫɥɢ ɮɚɝ O ɦɚɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ, ɬɨ ɮɚɝ T4 ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɨɦɚ. ɐɟɧɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɣ ȾɇɄ ɝɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ T4, ɫɜɨɞɹ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ȾɇɄ ɮɚɝɚ T4 (ɪɢɫ. 18) ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɛɟɥɨɤ Alt, ADP-ɪɢɛɨɡɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ D-ɫɭɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɊɇɄɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɡɵ. ɗɬɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɊɇɄ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɡɵ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɵ ɮɚɝɚ T4 ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ D-ɫɭɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ. Ɋɚɧɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɵ ɮɚɝɚ T4 ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ V-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɢ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ-ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ.
Ȼɟɥɨɤ Mod ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ D-ɫɭɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɊɇɄ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɡɵ. Ȼɟɥɨɤ Alc ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ alc-ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȾɇɄ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ. ɋ ȾɇɄ ɮɚɝɚ T4 ɷɬɨɬ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɰɢɬɨɡɢɧɚ ɷɬɚ ȾɇɄ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 5-ɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɬɨɡɢɧ. ȼɢɪɭɫɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ AsiA ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ V- ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ –35 ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝɚ T4 – MotA. Ȼɟɥɨɤ MotA ɭɡɧɚɟɬ mot-ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ –35 ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ.
ɊȺɇɇɂȿ
ɝɟɧɵ
Alt |
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D |
V |
E’ |
76kD |
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ADP D |
E |
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Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɭɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ |
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ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɵ |
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ɋɊȿȾɇɂȿ |
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ɝɟɧɵ |
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ɇɟ ɭɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ -35 box, |
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Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪ |
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ MotA |
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24kD |
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ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ |
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AsiA |
E’ |
D |
ADP |
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E |
ADP |
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mot |
TATA |
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Alc |
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box |
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19kD |
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Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ȾɇɄ, ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ 5-ɇɈɋɇ2ɋyt
Ɋɢɫ. 18. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝɚ T4.
ɉɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 19) ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ V-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɛɟɥɨɤ gp55, ɭɡɧɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ gp55 ɢ ɊɇɄ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɡɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ gp33. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɷɧɯɚɧɫɟɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ T4 ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɝɚ.
ɉɈɁȾɇɂȿ
ɝɟɧɵ
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɨɪ
gp55
gp33 |
E’ |
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gp55 |
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gp44/62
ADP
ADP
Alc
3x gp45
V-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ |
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ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ |
“ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɫɤɪɟɩɤɚ” |
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ɜ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ |
Ɋɢɫ. 19. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɝɚ T4.
Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ – ɬɪɢɦɟɪ gp45 ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɸ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ gp44/gp62.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɮɚɝ T4 ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɝɟɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ.