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A WORD TO HUSBAND by Ogden Nash

To keep your marriage brimming

With love in the loving cup

Wherever you are wrong, admit it,

Wherever you are right, shut up.

5. Make sentences with the FOR construction using the words provided.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

1. Read and translate the following.

IF I RULED THE WORLD If I ruled the world

Every day would be the first day of spring Every heart would have a new song to sing And we’d sing of the joy

Every morning would bring. If I ruled the world

Every man would be as free as a bird Every voice would be a voice to be heard Take my word, we would treasure each day that occurred.

My world would be a beautiful place Where we’d need wonderful dreams My world would wear a smile on its face Like a man in the moon has

When the moon beams. If I ruled the world

Every man would say the world was his friend

There’d be happiness that no man could end Not my friend, not if I ruled the world

Every head would be held up high

There’d be sunshine in everyone’s sky

If the day ever dawns When I ruled the world.

-

2. Read and translate the following poem.

Hymn to the Russian Land by Paul Winter If the people lived their lives

As if it were a song

For singing out of light

Provides the music for the stars

To be dancing circles in the night.

3. Use the correct mood and tense forms and render the story, the first part is done for you.

Daddy, what if the sun stopped shining, What would happen then?

If the sun stopped shining, You’d be so surprised, You’d stare at the heavens With wide-open eyes,

And the wind would carry Your light to the skies,

And the sun would start shining again!

But, Daddy, what if the wind (to stop) blowing,

What (to happen) then?

If the wind (to stop) blowing,

Then the land (to be dry),

And your boat (not to sail),

And your kite (not to fly),

The grass (to see) your trouble,

And she’ll tell the wind,

And the wind (to start) blowing again!

But, Daddy, what if the grass (to stop) growing,

What (to happen) then?

Well’ if the grass (to stop) growing,

You’d probably cry,

And the ground (to be worried)

By the tears from your eyes,

And, like your love for me,

That grass (to grow) so high,

The grass (to start) growing again!

But, Daddy, what if I (to stop) loving you,

What (to happen) then?

If you (to stop) loving me,

Then the grass (to stop) growing,

The sun (to stop) shining,

And the wind (to stop) blowing.

So you see, if you (to want) to keep

This world go on,

You’d better start loving me again!

4. Use the correct mood and tense forms and render the story.

An American lady travelling in England (to get) into compartment in a smoking carriage where an Englishman (to smoke) a pipe. For a short time she (to sit) quietly expecting that the Englishman (to stop) smoking. But when the train (to be) under way for half an hour, she (to begin) to cough and

sneeze trying in this way to show him that, she (to object) to the smoke. At last seeing that all her efforts to attract his attention (to fail) she (to address) him impatiently:

“If you (to be) a gentleman, you (to stop) smoking when a lady (to get) into the carriage”.

“If you (to be) a lady,” (to reply) the Englishman, “you (not to get) into a smoking carriage”.

“If you (to be) my husband,” (to say) the American lady angrily, “I (to give) you poison.”

The Englishman (to look) at her for a moment or two.

“Well,” he (to say) at last, “If I (to be) your husband I (to take) it with pleasure.”

5. Read the following jokes and retell them. If I WERE YOU

Mr. X.: If I were you, I wouldn’t see too much of young Z. His daughter: Why shouldn’t I ? What’s wrong with him? Mr. X.: Well. If you were older, you’d understand.

Daughter: And if you were younger, perhaps you might like him.

Mr. X.: You’re just starting a new job. If I were in your place, I’d be very careful in choosing my friends.

Daughter: If I were in my place, you wouldn’t choose differently. Mr. X.: Young people aren’t what they were. If I were Minister of

Education, I should do something about it.

Daughter: If I were Queen, I would have a young Minister of Education.

The Irishman replied: “If she had lived till tomorrow, she would have been dead three months.”

* * *

Coxcomb: I dare say you are the most beautiful girl in our town.

Local Beauty: That’s a fine way of putting it. But you would say so even if you didn’t think so.

Coxcomb: And you wouldn’t think so, even if I didn’t say so.

6. Read the dialogue and reproduce it.

Harry: We shall be awfully late home if that No. 12 bus doesn’t come soon… Let’s stand in this doorway out of the wind.

Nora: All right, but we must be careful not to miss the bus… How did you enjoy the film?

Harry: I’d never have gone if I had known it was going to be so silly. Nora: Why, what was silly about it?

Harry: Well, no sane man would have married that other girl so soon after he had murdered his wife. It was sure to make people suspicious.

Nora: If he had been sane he wouldn’t have murdered her! Besides, the

girl

wouldn’t have waited for him if he hadn’t asked her immediately.

Harry: All the better for him if she hadn’t.

Nora: Yes, but then he wouldn’t have paid for his crime. Anyhow, I’d have enjoyed the film much more if Elsa Hollywood had been in it instead

of Linda Spangle.

Harry: And I have enjoyed it more if we hadn’t gone at all.

Nora: (Sharply) And I’d have enjoyed it more if you hadn’t been so rude to that woman in front.

Harry: Well, I shouldn’t have been rude to her if she had stopped chattering when I asked her.

Nora: I wish you’d behave better in public places.

Harry: I behave better! I like that! Why, if that woman had …

(Sound of the bus starting up) But look, isn’t that a No.12 bus just going?

Nora: Yes, it is and we’ve missed it after all. We should have seen that bus Harry, if you hadn’t been so busy quarrelling.

Harry: (In injured tones) Really Nora, I think it would have been much better if I had stayed at home tonight and let you go to the cinema alone.

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES

1.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. (A variety of tenses will be needed, as well as some conditionals and imperatives; for be able use can/could where possible.)

Dear Hilda,

I just (hear) that my mother suddenly (be) taken ill, and I (like) to go and see how she is. The trouble is I can’t take my dog Tim with me. You (think) you (be able) possibly look after him for a week? You (have) him for a week last year, you (remember), and you (say) he (be) no trouble, and (get) on well with your dog.

If you (be able) have him, I (be able) bring him along any time that (suit) you. He (have) his own bed and bowl, and I (bring) enough tinned dog food to last him a week.

But if it (not be) convenient, (not hesitate) to say so. There (be) quite good kennels near here, and they (take) him if I (ask). He (be) there once before and (seem) to get on all right.

Love,

Pamela.

Dear Pamela,

I (be) very sorry to hear about your mother’s illness, and (be) glad that you (go) to Scotland and see how she is. It (be) nice for her to see you.

Of course I (look) after Tim. We thoroughly (enjoy) having him last year and my dog (miss) him when he (leave) and (look) for him everywhere. I’m sure he (be) delighted to see him again.

You (bring) him on Tuesday afternoon? Or, if that (not suit), any time on Wednesday. (not bother) to bring dog food; I (have) plenty. I hope you

(have) time to have tea with me when you (bring) Tim, and that by then you (have) better news of your mother.

Love,

Hilda.

2. Insert the following verbs into their appropriate sentences:

to use, to be used to, used to.

1.The old man who ____ live here has now gone away.

2.My sister ____ be a very good tennis player.

3.They ____studying here now, but they found it very difficult at first.

4.You can ____our premises for a dance on Sunday.

5.John ____writing business letters.

6.My mother ____sit in the open air in summer knitting.

7.If you ____ a ladder, you can reach it.

8.Mary ____hard work.

9.Mr. West ____ play football before he was married.

On New Year’s Eve, people traditionally take a shower in the fountains in Trafalgar Square! The Christmas tree is an annual gift from Norway.

I'm in love!

On 14th February, St Valentine’s Day, many people send a card to the one they love or someone whom they have fallen in love with. People usually do not sign these cards and a lot of time is spent trying to guess who has sent them!

Pancake Day

Ash Wednesday is the day in February when the Christian period of Lent begins. This refers to the time when Christ went into desert and fasted for forty days. Although not many people actually give up eating during this period, on Pancake Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday, they eat lots of pancakes. These are made from flour, milk and eggs, and fried in a hot pan. Some towns also hold pancake races on that day. People run through the streets holding a frying pan and throwing the pancake in the air. Of course if they drop the pancake they lose the race!

Easter eggs

At Easter time, the British celebrate the idea of new birth by giving each other chocolate Easter eggs which are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday. On Good Friday Bakers sell hot cross buns, which are toasted and eaten with butter. Easter Monday is a holiday and many people travel to the seaside for the day or go and watch one of the many sporting events, such as football or horse-racing.

May is here

Ghosts and witches

Halloween means 'holy evening', and takes place on 31st October. Although it is a much more important festival in the United States than Britain, it is celebrated by many people in the UK. It is particularly connected with witches and ghosts.

At parties people dress up in strange costumes and pretend they are witches. They cut horrible faces in potatoes and other vegetables and put a candle inside, which shines through the eyes. People may play difficult games such as trying to eat an apple from a bucket of water without using their hands.

In recent years children dressed in white sheets knock on doors at Hallowe'en and ask if you would like a 'trick' or 'treat'. If you give them something nice, a "treat",

they go away. However, if you don't they play a 'trick' on you, such as making a lot of noise or spilling flour on your front doorstep!

Guy Fawkes Night

In 1605 King James I was on the throne. As a Protestant, he was very unpopular with Roman Catholics. Some of them planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament on 5th November of that year, when the King was going to open Parliament. Under the Houses of Lords they had stored thirty-six barrels of gunpowder, which were to be exploded by a man called Guy Fawkes. However one of the plotters spoke about these plans and Fawkes was discovered, arrested and later hanged. Since that day the British traditionally celebrate 5th November by burning a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire, whilst at the same time letting off fireworks.

This dummy is called 'guy' (like Guy Fawkes) and children can often be seen on the pavements before 5th November saying, 'Penny for the guy'. If they collect enough money they can buy some fireworks.

Christmas

If you try to catch a train on 24th December you may have difficulty in finding a seat. This is the day when many people are travelling home to be with their families on Christmas Day, 25th December. For most British families, this is the most important festival of the year; it combines the Christian celebration of the birth of Christ with the traditional festivities of winter.

On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where special hymns are sung. Sometimes carol-singers can be heard on the streets as they collect money for charity. Most families decorate their houses with brightly-coloured paper or holly, and they usually have a Christmas tree in the corner of the front room, glittering with coloured lights and decorations.

There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but perhaps the most important one is the giving of presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. Children leave a long sock or stocking at the end of their bed on Christmas Eve, 24th December, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them small presents, fruit and nuts. They are usually not disappointed! At some time on Christmas Day the family will sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding. They will probably pull a cracker with another member of the family. It will make a loud crack and small toy and joke will fall out!

Later in the afternoon they may watch the Queen on television as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. If they have room for even more food they may enjoy a piece of Christmas cake or eat a hot mince pie. 26th December is also a public holiday, Boxing Day, and this is the time to visit friends and relatives or be a spectator at one of the many sporting events.

Christmas Traditions

Christmas stockings

St. Nicholas may have filled the first stocking. When he threw gold inside a poor man’s house, it is said, the gold landed in a stocking hung by the fireplace to dry.

Poinsettia

Mexican legend tells of a poor boy that wanted to give the Christ child a gift on Christmas Eve but had nothing to give. He prayed hard – and suddenly a poinsettia sprang up at his feet.

Tree and gifts

Hundreds of years ago, to celebrate Christmas, German people began placing evergreen trees in their homes and decorating them. The evergreen had long been a symbol of life. The people exchanged brightly wrapped presents as reminders of the Wise Men’s gifts to the Christ child and of the goodwill of St. Nicholas.

Plum pudding

This dish was first made in England more than 300 years ago. Everyone helped make the pudding – which was the highlight of Christmas, dinner. Actually, there are no plums in plum pudding, but there are lots of currants and raisins.

From “National Geographic World”

JINGLE BELLS

Dashing through the snow

In one-horse open sleigh,

Down the hills we go

Laughing all the way.

Jingle, bells!

Jingle, bells!

Jingle all the way!

Oh! What fun it is to ride

In a one-horse open sleigh!

Bells on bobtail ring,

Making spirits bright;

What fun it is to ride and sing

A sleighing song tonight.

A day or two ago,

I thought I'd take a ride,

And soon Miss Fannie Bright

Was seated by my side.

The horse was lean and lank,

Misfortune seemed his lot;

He got into a drifted bank,

And we, we got upset.

Now the ground is white,

Go it while you're young,

Take the girls tonight,

And sing this sleighing song.

Just get a bobtail bay,

Two forty for his speed;

Then hitch him to an open sleigh,

And crack! You'll take the lead.

Compete in writing down as many words as you can, using the letters of the two words “ MERRY CHRISTMAS”

5.____________ 6.___________ 7._____________ 8.____________

HAPPY NEW YEAR

At midnight on 31st December, bells will ring out around the world to welcome the New Year.

Although certain countries calculate time by other calendars, most countries in the world now number their years according to the Gregorian calendar introduced in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII. This calendar was intended to overcome the confusion caused by calculating time

according to the moon’s phrases.

Bell ringing is one way of celebrating the arrival of a new year which is common to all the countries welcoming the New Year at this time; but it is the differences in their celebrations and customs which are intriguing.

In Europe traditions vary considerably, but most of them involve a meal or special food. Swiss housewives bake special bread, rich in butter, eggs and raisins. They also cook roast goose. Children go from house to house greeting the occupants and receiving invitations to come inside. People in Italy hold all-night parties, where salt pork and lentils are included on the menu. Lentils are supposed to be lucky and bring money – perhaps because they look like small piles of gold coins. There is a practical reason for meals featuring in these New Year festivities. Most people stay up all night, or at least until midnight to “ see the New Year in”, so sustenance is essential. Also there is a common superstition that if the New Year begins well it will continue like that. So great efforts are made to provide an atmosphere of goodwill and plenty. In Spain it is a custom to eat 12 grapes at midnight and toast the New Year in champagne at family gatherings. Groups of friends visit restaurants in Turkey intending to spend the night in celebrations, which include present giving. Some people in Greece play cards, hoping that a win will bring them luck for a whole year.

Maureen Stack

From BBC “Modern English”

OH, THE FROST, THE FROST

Oh, the Frost, the Frost,

Please, don’t freeze me, Frost.

Please, don’t freeze me, Frost,

Me and my nice horse.

Me and my nice horse,

It’s too marvelous.

I have got a wife,

She’s too jealous.

When I come back home,

It’ll be sunset.

I shall hug my wife,

Then I go to bed.

Oh, the Frost, the Frost,

Please, don’t freeze me, Frost.

Please, don’t freeze me, Frost,

Me and my nice horse.

Here is a poem. All the lines except the first one and the last are mixed. Find the logical sequence of the poem and you’ll read it.

FAITH, JOY AND LOVE

IF LOVE IS IN THE STOCKINGS,

GATHER LOVE ON CHRISTMAS DAY

TO BLESSING IN THE COMING YEAR,

IF FAITH IS IN THE GLOWING STAR,

WITH FAITH AND JOY AND LOVE QUITE NEAR.

THEN FRIENDSHIP IS THE KEY

AND JOY IS ON THE TREE,

AND LET YOUR HEART GIVE IT AWAY.

YES-NO-BLACK-

AND-BLUE TABOO GAME

Certain words are unavoidable and we say them so frequently that it's difficult to imagine how we would manage without them. Since practice makes perfect, try avoiding the few words in the name of this as a beginning.

DIRECTIONS

1.Divide the room in half with an imaginary boundary line. Separate the group into three teams, each standing in line - one player behind the other - on one side of the boundary line.

2.Explain that you are going to take turns asking players questions and that each player called upon must answer immediately - without hesitation. However, players may not use the words yes, no, black, or blue in their answers or they will lose their turns and go to the end of the line. Players will soon discover that maybe is a good answer and you may have to eliminate that word too. Players who answer successfully are allowed to cross the boundary line.

3.In order to play fast enough to confuse players, prepare a list of questions beforehand. For example:

- "Are you eight years old?" - "Do you like homework?"