X. Времена группы Perfect

Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
I (we, they, you) have chosen computer science as my field. He (she, it) has just come.	We had studied this substance before we began using it in practice.	We’ll have translated the text by the end of the working day.
I haven’t passed my exam.	Kate said she hadn’t eaten such a dish before.	I won’t have solved this problem by Monday. It’s too difficult for me.
Have you published any of your articles?	Had he completed his work by the time you arrived?	Will you have completed the experiment by the time I call?

Exercise 13. Переведите предложения.

1. Helen is at the laboratory class. She has just carried out an experiment with a robot. 2. Professor Kosov is a famous engineer. He’s developed a new design of a robot lately. 3. Paul is checking robot components. He has already checked the robot programme. 4. The students are in the demonstration hall now. They have just observed the robot in operation.

Exercise 14. Составьте предложения, используя Present Perfect:

1. Ann/ pass her exams.

2. Larry and Monica/ decide to get divorced.

3. Barry/ go to England.

4. Magi/ buy a new car.

5. Anthony/ break his arm.

6. Tony/ give up smoking.

7. Lucy and Calvin/ decide to get married.

XI. Категория залога

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Подлежащее выполняет действие	Подлежащее подвергается действию
V0 We often discuss problems of higher education. – Мы часто обсуждаем проблемы высшего образования	to be +Ved This problem is often discussed in class. – Эту проблему часто обсуждают в классе.

Сводная таблица времен в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)

Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple
I am always asked many questions. The device is checked regularly. These questions are often asked.	The laboratory was provided with modern equipment. The results of the research were much spoken about.	The message will be sent tomorrow.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous	Future Continuous
A new University building is being built now.	The lecture was being delivered during two hours.	–
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
The experiment has just been finished.	This article had been written by last Monday.	By 6 o'clock this work will have been finished.

Exercise 15. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на залог:

1. Einstein presented his theory of relativity in 1905. 2. Scientists make researches in all fields of science. 3. The results of the experiment will be published in a month. 4. The time of the operation was reduced. 5. This palmtop is made in Japan.

6. Two articles were written by this scientist last year. 7. We use this instrument for measuring pressure.

Exercise 16. Перефразируйте предложения, употребив страдательный залог:

Example: They repaired the car yesterday.

The car was repaired yesterday.

1. They used this fuel for different engines. 2. He will publish the results of the experiment soon. 3. They will improve the car design. 4. I will check the device tomorrow. 5. This scientist wrote two articles last year. 6. Yesterday they demonstrated a new device. 7. We’ll propose a new model. 8. We check this device once a week.

Exercise 17. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в верную форму.

There are many ways of shaping plastics. The most common way is by moulding. Blow-moulding (a) _______ (use) to make bottles. In this process, air (b) _______ (blow) into a blob of molten plastic inside a hollow mould and the plastic (c)________ (force) against the sides of the mould.

Toys and bowls (d) _________ (make) by injection moulding. Thermoplastic chips (e) ________ first (heat) until they melt and then forced into a water-cooled mould under pressure. This method (f) ________ (suit) to mass production.

Laminating (g) ____________ (produce) the heat-proof laminate which (h) _____ (use), for example, for work surfaces in kitchens. In this process, a kind of sandwich (i) ________ (make) of layers of paper or cloth which (j) __________ (soak) in resin solution. They (k) _________ then __________ (squeeze) together in a heated press.

Thermoplastics can (l) _________ (shape) by extrusion. Molten plastic (m) ______ (force) through a shaped hole or die. Fibres for textiles and sheet plastic may (n) _________ (make) by extrusion.

Exercise 18. Составьте диалоги по образцу. Используйте временные наречия:

Example: A: The work was not finished in time.

B: It will be finished tomorrow.

1. This equipment was not installed in time.

2. This work was not completed properly.

3. The fuel system was not checked last time.

4. The tractors were not exported abroad a year ago.

5. The experiment wasn’t carried out in time.