Упражнение.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя Past Simple or Present Perfect.

Colgate – Palmolive Company.

William Colgate _________ (found) the Colgate Company in 1806 as a starch, soap and candle business in New York City. For the first hundred years, the company _______ (do) all its business in the United States. However, in the early 1900s, the company ________ (begin) an aggressive expansion programme that _______ (lead) to the establishment of Colgate operations in countries throughout Europe, Latin America and the Far East. In more recent years it _______ (set up) operations in Turkey, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Eastern Europe and China. Colgate – Palmolive _________ (become) a truly global consumer products company, worth $8.7 bn and selling in more than 200 countries.

Colgate – Palmolive’s five main sectors of business are: Oral Care, Body Care, Household Surface Care, Fabric Care and Pet Nutrition and Health Care. In the area of Oral Care, Colgate – Palmolive is the world leader in toothpaste. As a result of the company’s heavy investment in research and technology, it ________ (develop) many successful toothpastes, rinses and toothbrushes. To strengthen its presence in professional products, Colgate – Palmolive _______ (buy) the Ora Pharm Company of Australia and the dental therapeutics business of Scherer Laboratories USA in 1990. For many years, the company _________ (have) a strong dental education programme in schools throughout the world and _______ (maintain) a close partnership with the international dental community. Recently it _________ (create) a web site for dental professionals.

The company _______ (always pay) close attention to the environment. It _______ (already make) great progress in the use of recyclable bottles and packaging materials.

Прошедшее совершенное время.

The Past Perfect Tense.

Past Perfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола «to have» в Past Indefinite (had) и 3-ей формы смыслового глагола (played, written)

Глагол в Past Perfect обычно переводится на русский язык глаголом совершенного вида в прошедшем времени (написал, сыграл).

Спряжение глаголов в Past Perfect.

I (you, we, they, he, she, it) had done (translated)

Употребление Past Perfect.

Past Perfect употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, совершившегося к (by) определенному моменту в прошлом. Этот момент может быть выражен наречием времени (by that time, by 5 o’clock, by Monday и т.д.) или обстоятельственным придаточным предложением времени, в котором глагол употребляется только в Past Indefinite (when she returned, by the time she returned):

I had made several appointments with foreign businessmen by 6 o’clock yesterday.

When the delegation arrived, we had already booked accommodation for it in the hotel.

2. Для выражения действия, совершившегося ранее другого прошедшего действия (которое, как правило, выражается глаголом в Past Indefinite):

I returned home and suddenly remembered (that)

I had forgotten to send them E-mail.

Примечание: Как правило, Past Indefinite, а не Past Perfect употребляется после союзов «when, as soon as, after», чтобы выразить прошедшее действие, если действия следуют непосредственно друг за другом:

When the secretary gave the mail to the manager, she told him about Mr. Green’s arrival and asked him to sign some papers.