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- •1.1 TODO LIST
- •2. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
- •2.1 INTRODUCTION
- •2.1.1 Ladder Logic
- •2.1.2 Programming
- •2.1.3 PLC Connections
- •2.1.4 Ladder Logic Inputs
- •2.1.5 Ladder Logic Outputs
- •2.2 A CASE STUDY
- •2.3 SUMMARY
- •2.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •2.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •2.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •3. PLC HARDWARE
- •3.1 INTRODUCTION
- •3.2 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
- •3.2.1 Inputs
- •3.2.2 Output Modules
- •3.3 RELAYS
- •3.4 A CASE STUDY
- •3.5 ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS
- •3.5.1 JIC Wiring Symbols
- •3.6 SUMMARY
- •3.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •3.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •3.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •4. LOGICAL SENSORS
- •4.1 INTRODUCTION
- •4.2 SENSOR WIRING
- •4.2.1 Switches
- •4.2.2 Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL)
- •4.2.3 Sinking/Sourcing
- •4.2.4 Solid State Relays
- •4.3 PRESENCE DETECTION
- •4.3.1 Contact Switches
- •4.3.2 Reed Switches
- •4.3.3 Optical (Photoelectric) Sensors
- •4.3.4 Capacitive Sensors
- •4.3.5 Inductive Sensors
- •4.3.6 Ultrasonic
- •4.3.7 Hall Effect
- •4.3.8 Fluid Flow
- •4.4 SUMMARY
- •4.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •4.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •4.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •5. LOGICAL ACTUATORS
- •5.1 INTRODUCTION
- •5.2 SOLENOIDS
- •5.3 VALVES
- •5.4 CYLINDERS
- •5.5 HYDRAULICS
- •5.6 PNEUMATICS
- •5.7 MOTORS
- •5.8 COMPUTERS
- •5.9 OTHERS
- •5.10 SUMMARY
- •5.11 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •5.12 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •5.13 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •6. BOOLEAN LOGIC DESIGN
- •6.1 INTRODUCTION
- •6.2 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
- •6.3 LOGIC DESIGN
- •6.3.1 Boolean Algebra Techniques
- •6.4 COMMON LOGIC FORMS
- •6.4.1 Complex Gate Forms
- •6.4.2 Multiplexers
- •6.5 SIMPLE DESIGN CASES
- •6.5.1 Basic Logic Functions
- •6.5.2 Car Safety System
- •6.5.3 Motor Forward/Reverse
- •6.5.4 A Burglar Alarm
- •6.6 SUMMARY
- •6.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •6.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •6.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •7. KARNAUGH MAPS
- •7.1 INTRODUCTION
- •7.2 SUMMARY
- •7.3 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •7.4 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •7.5 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •8. PLC OPERATION
- •8.1 INTRODUCTION
- •8.2 OPERATION SEQUENCE
- •8.2.1 The Input and Output Scans
- •8.2.2 The Logic Scan
- •8.3 PLC STATUS
- •8.4 MEMORY TYPES
- •8.5 SOFTWARE BASED PLCS
- •8.6 SUMMARY
- •8.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •8.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •8.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •9. LATCHES, TIMERS, COUNTERS AND MORE
- •9.1 INTRODUCTION
- •9.2 LATCHES
- •9.3 TIMERS
- •9.4 COUNTERS
- •9.5 MASTER CONTROL RELAYS (MCRs)
- •9.6 INTERNAL RELAYS
- •9.7 DESIGN CASES
- •9.7.1 Basic Counters And Timers
![](/html/77331/1306/html_G948BPQJM1.zxIY/htmlconvd-4iQYGJ93x1.jpg)
discrete sensors - 4.30
forget to include hard-wired start and stop buttons with an MCR.
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4.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
1.capacitive proximity, contact switch, photo-optic retroreflective/diffuse, ultrasonic
2.materials that can be sensed, environmental factors such as dirt, distance to object
3.the sinking output will pass only DC in a single direction, whereas a switch can pass AC and DC.
![](/html/77331/1306/html_G948BPQJM1.zxIY/htmlconvd-4iQYGJ94x1.jpg)
discrete sensors - 4.31
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b)the PNP output was selected. because it will supply current, while the input card requires it. The dashed line indicates the current flow through the sensor and input card.
![](/html/77331/1306/html_G948BPQJM1.zxIY/htmlconvd-4iQYGJ95x1.jpg)
discrete sensors - 4.32
5.
A transparent bottle can be picked up with a capacitive, ultrasonic, diffuse optical sensor. A particular model can be selected at a manufacturers web site (eg., www.banner.com, www.hydepark.com, www.ab.com, etc.) The figure below shows the sensor connected to a sourcing PLC input card - therefore the sensor must be sinking, NPN.
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![](/html/77331/1306/html_G948BPQJM1.zxIY/htmlconvd-4iQYGJ96x1.jpg)
discrete sensors - 4.33
6.
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![](/html/77331/1306/html_G948BPQJM1.zxIY/htmlconvd-4iQYGJ97x1.jpg)
discrete sensors - 4.34
7.
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![](/html/77331/1306/html_G948BPQJM1.zxIY/htmlconvd-4iQYGJ98x1.jpg)
8.
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discrete sensors - 4.35
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