
- •Table of Contents
- •About the Author
- •About the Technical Reviewer
- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •What is .NET MAUI?
- •Digging a Bit Deeper
- •Where Did It Come From?
- •How It Differs From the Competition
- •Why Use .NET MAUI?
- •Supported Platforms
- •Code Sharing
- •Developer Freedom
- •Community
- •Fast Development Cycle
- •.NET Hot Reload
- •XAML Hot Reload
- •Performance
- •Strong Commercial Offerings
- •Limitations of .NET MAUI
- •No Web Assembly (WASM) Support
- •No Camera API
- •Apps Won’t Look Identical on Each Platform
- •Lack of Media Playback Out of the Box
- •The Glass Is Half Full, Though
- •How to Build .NET MAUI Applications
- •Visual Studio
- •Visual Studio (Windows)
- •Visual Studio for Mac
- •Rider
- •Visual Studio Code
- •Summary
- •Setting Up Your Environment
- •macOS
- •Visual Studio for Mac
- •Xcode
- •Remote Access
- •Windows
- •Visual Studio
- •Visual Studio to macOS
- •Troubleshooting Installation Issues
- •.NET MAUI Workload Is Missing
- •Visual Studio Installer
- •Command Line
- •Creating Your First Application
- •Creating in Visual Studio
- •Creating in the Command Line
- •Building and Running Your First Application
- •Getting to Know Your Application
- •WidgetBoard
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Project Structure
- •/Platforms/ Folder
- •Android
- •MacCatalyst
- •Tizen
- •Windows
- •Summary
- •/Resources/ Folder
- •Fonts
- •Images
- •Generic Host Builder
- •What Is Dependency Injection?
- •Registering Dependencies
- •AddSingleton
- •AddTransient
- •AddScoped
- •Application Lifecycle
- •Application States
- •Lifecycle Events
- •Handling Lifecycle Events
- •Cross-Platform Mappings to Platform Lifecycle Events
- •Platform-Specific Lifecycle Events
- •Android
- •Windows
- •Summary
- •A Measuring Stick
- •Prerequisites
- •Model View ViewModel (MVVM)
- •Model
- •View
- •XAML
- •C# (Code-Behind)
- •ViewModel
- •Model View Update (MVU)
- •Getting Started with Comet
- •Adding Your MVU Implementation
- •XAML vs. C# Markup
- •Plain C#
- •C# Markup
- •Chosen Architecture for This Book
- •Adding IWidgetViewModel
- •Adding BaseViewModel
- •Adding ClockWidgetViewModel
- •Adding Views
- •Adding IWidgetView
- •Adding ClockWidgetView
- •Viewing Your Widget
- •Modifying MainPage.xaml
- •Modifying MainPage.xaml.cs
- •Taking the Application for a Spin
- •MVVM Enhancements
- •MVVM Frameworks
- •Magic
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Prerequisites
- •Models
- •BaseLayout.cs
- •FixedLayout.cs
- •Board.cs
- •Pages
- •BoardDetailsPage
- •FixedBoardPage
- •ViewModels
- •AppShellViewModel
- •BoardDetailsPageViewModel
- •FixedBoardPageViewModel
- •App Icons
- •Adding Your Own Icon
- •Platform Differences
- •Android
- •Splash Screen
- •XAML
- •Dissecting a XAML File
- •Building Your First XAML Page
- •Layouts
- •AbsoluteLayout
- •FlexLayout
- •Grid
- •HorizontalStackLayout
- •VerticalStackLayout
- •Data Binding
- •Binding
- •BindingContext
- •Path
- •Mode
- •Source
- •Applying the Remaining Bindings
- •MultiBinding
- •Command
- •Compiled Bindings
- •Shell
- •ShellContent
- •Navigation
- •Registering Pages for Navigation
- •Performing Navigation
- •Navigating Backwards
- •Passing Data When Navigating
- •Flyout
- •FlyoutHeader
- •FlyoutContent
- •Selected Board
- •Navigation to the Selected Board
- •Setting the BindingContext of Your AppShell
- •Register AppShell with the MAUI App Builder
- •Resolve the AppShell Instead of Creating It
- •Tabs
- •Search
- •Taking Your Application for a Spin
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •Placeholder
- •ILayoutManager
- •BoardLayout
- •BoardLayout.xaml
- •BindableLayout
- •BoardLayout.xaml.cs
- •Adding the LayoutManager Property
- •Adding the ItemsSource Property
- •Adding the ItemTemplateSelector Property
- •Handling the ChildAdded Event
- •Adding Remaining Bits
- •FixedLayoutManager
- •Accepting the Number of Rows and Columns for a Board
- •Adding the NumberOfColumns Property
- •Adding the NumberOfRows Property
- •Building the Board Layout
- •Setting the Correct Row/Column Position for Each Widget
- •Using Your Layout
- •Allowing for the Registration of Widget Views and View Models
- •Creation of a Widget View
- •Creation of a Widget View Model
- •Registering the Factory with MauiAppBuilder
- •Registering Your ClockWidget with the Factory
- •WidgetTemplateSelector
- •Registering the Template Selector with MauiAppBuilder
- •Updating FixedBoardPageViewModel
- •Finally Using the Layout
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •What Is Accessibility?
- •Why Make Your Applications Accessible?
- •What to Consider When Making Your Applications Accessible
- •How to Make Your Application Accessible
- •Screen Reader Support
- •SemanticProperties
- •SemanticProperties.Description
- •SemanticProperties.Hint
- •SemanticProperties.HeadingLevel
- •SemanticScreenReader
- •AutomationProperties
- •AutomationProperties.ExcludedWithChildren
- •AutomationProperties.IsInAccessibleTree
- •Suitable Contrast
- •Dynamic Text Sizing
- •Avoiding Fixed Sizes
- •Preferring Minimum Sizing
- •Font Auto Scaling
- •Testing Your Application’s Accessibility
- •Android
- •macOS
- •Windows
- •Accessibility Checklist
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •Adding the Ability to Add a Widget to a Board
- •Possible Ways of Achieving Your Goal
- •Showing a Modal Page
- •The Chosen Approach
- •Adding Your Overlay View
- •Updating Your View Model
- •Showing the Overlay View
- •Styling
- •Examining the Default Styles
- •TargetType
- •ApplyToDerivedTypes
- •Setter
- •AppThemeBinding
- •Further Reading
- •Triggers
- •Creating ShowOverlayTriggerAction
- •Using ShowOverlayTriggerAction
- •Further Reading
- •Animations
- •Basic Animations
- •Combining Basic Animations
- •Chaining Animations
- •Concurrent Animations
- •Cancelling Animations
- •Easings
- •Complex Animations
- •Recreating the ScaleTo Animation
- •Creating a Rubber Band Animation
- •Combining Triggers and Animations
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •Animate the BoxView Overlay
- •Animate the New Widget
- •What Is Local Data?
- •File System
- •Cache Directory
- •App Data Directory
- •Database
- •Repository Pattern
- •Listing Your Boards
- •SQLite
- •Installing SQLite-net
- •Using Sqlite-net
- •Connecting to an SQLite database
- •Mapping Your Models
- •Creating Your Tables
- •Inserting into an SQLite Database
- •Reading a Collection from an SQLite Database
- •Reading a Single Entity from an SQLite Database
- •Deleting from an SQLite Database
- •Updating an Entity in an SQLite Database
- •LiteDB
- •Installing LiteDB
- •Using LiteDB
- •Connecting to a LiteDB database
- •Mapping Your Models
- •Creating Your Tables
- •Inserting into a LiteDB Database
- •Reading a Collection from a LiteDB Database
- •Reading a Single Entity from a LiteDB Database
- •Deleting from a LiteDB Database
- •Updating an Entity in a LiteDB Database
- •Database Summary
- •Application Settings (Preferences)
- •What Can Be Stored in Preferences?
- •Setting a Value in Preferences
- •Getting a Value in Preferences
- •Checking if a Key Exists in Preferences
- •Secure Storage
- •Storing a Value Securely
- •Reading a Secure Value
- •Removing a Secure Value
- •Platform specifics
- •Android
- •Windows
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •What Is Remote Data?
- •Considerations When Handling Remote Data
- •Loading Times
- •Failures
- •Security
- •Webservices
- •The Open Weather API
- •Creating an Open Weather Account
- •Creating an Open Weather API key
- •Using System.Text.Json
- •Creating Your Models
- •Connecting to the Open Weather API
- •Registering Your Widget
- •Testing Your Widget
- •Adding Some State
- •Converting the State to UI
- •Displaying the Loading State
- •Displaying the Loaded State
- •Displaying the Error State
- •Simplifying Webservice Access
- •Prebuilt Libraries
- •Code Generation Libraries
- •Adding the Refit NuGet Package
- •Further Reading
- •Polly
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •TODO Widget
- •Quote of the Day Widget
- •NASA Space Image of the Day Widget
- •.NET MAUI Essentials
- •Permissions
- •Checking the Status of a Permission
- •Requesting Permission
- •Handling Permissions in Your Application
- •Using the Geolocation API
- •Registering the Geolocation Service
- •Using the Geolocation Service
- •Displaying Permission Errors to Your User
- •Configuring Platform-Specific Components
- •Android
- •Windows
- •Platform-Specific API Access
- •Platform-Specific Code with Compiler Directives
- •Platform-Specific Code in Platform Folders
- •Overriding the Platform-Specific UI
- •OnPlatform
- •OnPlatform Markup Extension
- •Conditional Statements
- •Handlers
- •Customizing Controls with Mappers
- •Scoping of Mapper Customization
- •Further Reading
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •Barometer Widget
- •Geocoding Lookup
- •Unit Testing
- •Unit Testing in .NET MAUI
- •xUnit
- •NUnit
- •MSTest
- •Your Chosen Testing Framework
- •Adding Your Own Unit Tests
- •Adding a Unit Test Project to Your Solution
- •Modify Your Application Project to Target net7.0
- •Adding a Reference to the Project to Test
- •Modify Your Test Project to Use MAUI Dependencies
- •Testing Your View Models
- •Testing BoardDetailsPageViewModel
- •Testing INotifyPropertyChanged
- •Testing Asynchronous Operations
- •Creating Your ILocationService Mock
- •Creating Your WeatherForecastService Mock
- •Creating Your Asynchronous Tests
- •Testing Your Views
- •Creating Your ClockWidgetViewModel Mock
- •Creating Your View Tests
- •Device Testing
- •Creating a Device Test Project
- •Adding a Device-Specific Test
- •Running Device-Specific Tests
- •Snapshot Testing
- •Snapshot Testing Your Application
- •Passing Thoughts
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •.NET MAUI Graphics
- •Maintaining the State of the Canvas
- •Further Reading
- •Building a Sketch Widget
- •Representing a User Interaction
- •Registering Your Widget
- •Taking Your Widget for a Test Draw
- •Summary
- •Source Code
- •Extra Assignment
- •Distributing Your Application
- •Android
- •Additional Resources
- •Certificate
- •Identifier
- •Capabilities
- •Entitlements
- •Provisioning Profiles
- •Additional Resources
- •macOS
- •Additional Resources
- •Windows
- •Additional Resources
- •Following Good Practices
- •Performance
- •Startup Tracing
- •Image Sizes
- •Linking
- •What Is Linking?
- •Issues That Crop Up
- •Crashes/Analytics
- •Sentry
- •App Center
- •Obfuscation
- •Distributing Test Versions
- •Summary
- •Looking at the Final Product
- •Taking the Project Further
- •Useful Resources
- •StackOverflow
- •GitHub
- •YouTube
- •Gerald Versluis
- •James Montemagno
- •Social Media
- •Yet More Goodness
- •Looking Forward
- •Comet
- •Testing
- •Index
Chapter 15 Conclusion
Social Media
There is a whole host of social media options such as LinkedIn, Discord, Twitter, and Facebook. I urge you to find the platform that works best for you and start finding and following people that work on or with the technology.
Yet More Goodness
It is impossible to provide a curated list of all the great content creators or resources in printed form. It will instantly become outdated. In fact, by the time you have finished this book you have may well have become another name to add to this list! For that reason, here is a great resource that provides a curated list: https://github.com/jfversluis/learn- dotnet-maui.
Looking Forward
While .NET MAUI offers us a lot, there is still so much more that will evolve. I fully expect there to be some extensive work applied to improving the ability to test the user interfaces of .NET MAUI applications along with further enhancements in the usage of .NET MAUI graphics, which has the potential to not only render applications identically across each platform (which is very similar to how Flutter works) but also to boost performance by moving away from the native controls that come with Android. Some key areas to keep an eye on are as follows.
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Chapter 15 Conclusion
Upgrading fromXamarin.Forms
I would like to see where the dotnet upgrade assistant goes. This will likely prove vital to any existing applications built against Xamarin.Forms. There has been work on it so far, but at the time of writing it is in preview. There are documented steps on how to manually migrate applications with the following two links covering how this can be achieved:
https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/maui/get-started/migrate https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/maui/migration/
I can confirm that I have followed through the above steps in order to migrate a relatively simple application from Xamarin.Forms to .NET MAUI. Of course, if your application is more involved and uses concepts
that are now obsolete (Renderers, Effects, etc.), then the migration process could be much more involved. While I do expect the dotnet upgrade assistant to make this task easier, I highly doubt it will get to a point where it will do everything for us. In fact, I suggest you take this as a good exercise to review what your Xamarin.Forms application currently does and whether there are better ways to achieve things moving forwards.
Comet
I have been surprised by what Comet has to offer despite it also being in preview/proof of concept at the time of writing. David Ortinau, a Program Manager on the .NET MAUI team, has praised the work that has come out of the Comet investigation, stating that a lot of the evolutionary steps from Xamarin.Forms to .NET MAUI were largely influenced by this work.
https://github.com/dotnet/Comet
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Chapter 15 Conclusion
Testing
The topic of testing really does excite me! I have spent recent months working with development and test teams to help build processes and infrastructure focused heavily on testing. Having the ability to automate testing of applications will be a huge leap forwards. As I covered in Chapter 12, there is the Xamarin.UITest framework for testing Xamarin. Forms applications. Like the technology it was testing, it had its failings/ challenges. Therefore, the idea of rewriting and exploring new testing approaches is very much a good thing in my book. I won’t lie; I would have loved it sooner–certainly before this book was published–but nonetheless having it being worked on is positive.
I know that I will be keeping an eye on this repository, and if testing is important to you (and it should be), you should do so also. One further great advantage is that with the framework being developed in the open, we as the potential consumers have the power to get involved and influence the final result.
https://github.com/Redth/Maui.UITesting
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