книги / 961
.pdf
2 OECD
). , 6065 (). 60 ( ), 65 .
, OECD . 2.3 2.4 .“ (actuarial neutrality)” .
. .( 2.A1 ). ( :) ( ) 1 .. . .
, , , ,( 2.A1 ).18.1 5.5% ( 2.11).
2.11.
: x- .: OECD .
StatLink 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933633584
2017 : OECD G20 |
59 |
2 OECD
. ,60 .4% .14.5 74, 7.5%. , () . , 655.2%, 6.4% .
., .1 1.
( ) ,( ) .( 2.3). OECD1 5.5% . 1 .5.5%.
65 , 20 1/45 = 2.2% ., 7.7%(= 2.2%+5.5%) . . ,1 15% . ( ) ( ).
3, , 8 ( 2.3). 565 . .
. , ..
60 |
2017 : OECD G20 |
2 OECD
, .
, , , 6~8%., .
. 15~244% 4012% . 5.2%5 7.5% 5 31.5% ...
. 2.12.19 ( ) , , ,, 8% . OECD , ,7.5% , .
2.12. 5
: 3 5 6% 3 18%, 5 30%
. , , .10~30% 1 .
: OECD .
StatLink 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933633603
5 ( , , , , ) . .20
2017 : OECD G20 |
61 |
2 OECD
8.4% .11.5% . 7.2% (accrual rate) 11% .21 5.
. .. 2067 . ( ).225% ., 2019 ,1 .
. .
다르다. .
. , , , , , ,, , ., ., .23.
, , , .( ) 67 60 . 6230% ( 6%) .243 . 2.13( A) .25, (. 2.A1 ).
( 2.13, B). ,7% ..26
.27
62 |
2017 : OECD G20 |
2 OECD
2.13. 5
: 3 5 6% 3 18%, 5 30% .A , . 2, 2 50% .
: OECD .
StatLink 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933633622
, .6% .. 67 ( ) ,20 65 .28 2 . 1~2 .
,. B 143 7%( ), 21% .( A) .
2.4.
, ,..
2017 : OECD G20 |
63 |
2 OECD
2/3(Eurofound, 2016).. 15% ,
43% (Aegon Center for Longevity and Retirement, 2015). , 77%(TCRS, 2016).
. 81% 65“ ” .29 652011 , 70% 86% (63 )(Tuominen, 2013). 21% . ,3% , . 19% 11% ( 4.2). 68 ., , (Van Dalen , 2017). , 3/4.
. . ,. (Börsch-Supan , 2017).
(GfK, 2017) 3/4(Flexirentengesetz). 6%.30 ( 3.5% 4%)../ .
있다. 40% (Brown, 2005). 3/4. 55%(Berry, 2011). (Van Soest (2006), Elsayed (2015))..
64 |
2017 : OECD G20 |
2 OECD
vs.
,. 39% (TCRS, 2016). 55 78% (Eurobarometer, 2012). HRS Szinovacz Davey(2005) 1/3 , ,.
.250 ,
(OECD, 2018).
2014 12,000 .
150 (150 quarters) 60
(Retraiteprogressive, 1988 ) (OECD, 2014). 2015~20162 (2016 0.08%), (DREES, 2015). 201670% 61 7 (1954 ) (Eurofound 2016).32
.. , 62. 65 (Medicare) .,. 5060 (Usui , 2015). OECD(Blundell , 2016).33. OECD. ( 2.3). .
(Piggott Woodland, 2016).34, ,( ).
OECD, , OECD ,, , , ( ) .35
2017 : OECD G20 |
65 |
2 OECD
68 67 . ,, 70 , 72 . OECD( ). .
, ., , (OECD, 2017a). 2013 “ ”(European Parliament, 2013).
(OECD, 2017a).., .
.( : Schofield , 2017).. ,. .
. , , () .
2.5.
.. ..
,.,. ,.
. .60~64 65~69 10% ,5 1 , 8 1 . OECD 65
66 |
2017 : OECD G20 |
2 OECD
50% . 15. 65 10% , 80% ,.
OECD .. , , , , , ,, .,. .. .
11 , . , , ,.,.. . .(schedules). . .
. . ..
,.. ,.
,. , , , , ,., . , , . , ,
2017 : OECD G20 |
67 |
2 OECD
. 5.
OECD ., , , , , , , ,. 15 ( , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , ) ., ,. . ( )...
, , , , , , , , OECD(20 ) .,.67 66.. .
, . ,...
1.(Gallup World Poll) , , , , ,, , , , .
2.(Eurobarometer, 2015; Australian Human Rights Commission, 2015; Ipsos Reid, 2012), (Drydakis (2017), Carlsson Eriksson(2017)).
3.2.4 .
4.OECD Education at a Glance Database .
5.( ) EU
(Eurostat, 2016).
6.40 .
68 |
2017 : OECD G20 |