
- •Abstract
- •Foreword
- •Acknowledgements
- •Executive summary
- •Many models of multilateral power trade
- •Minimum requirements
- •Proposed trade models for ASEAN
- •Findings and recommendations
- •Highlights
- •Overview of study
- •Categories of multilateral power trade
- •International experiences in multilateral power trading
- •Minimum requirements for establishing multilateral power trading
- •Political requirements
- •Technical requirements
- •Institutional requirements
- •Building upon existing efforts
- •LTMS–PIP
- •Proposed trade models for ASEAN
- •Harmonised bilateral trading
- •Secondary trading model
- •Primary trading model
- •Conclusion
- •1. Introduction
- •Models of cross-border power trade
- •ASEAN principles for developing multilateral power trade
- •Overview of ASEAN’s energy sector
- •References
- •2. AMS perspectives
- •APG region: North
- •Cambodia
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Myanmar
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Thailand
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Viet Nam
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •APG region: South
- •Indonesia (Sumatra)
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Malaysia (Peninsular)
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Singapore
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah)
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •APG region: East
- •Brunei Darussalam
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •Indonesia (West Kalimantan)
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •The Philippines
- •Planned development, including cross-border integration
- •References
- •3. Regional perspectives
- •Existing regional integration efforts among AMS
- •LTMS–PIP
- •BIMP–EAGA interconnectivity project
- •Building off existing efforts: The GMS grid codes
- •References
- •4. International case studies
- •Primary power trading arrangements
- •Power pooling in PJM’s eastern territory
- •The measurable value of markets in the PJM region
- •ISO New England
- •Market overview
- •Market structure
- •Nord Pool
- •Governing agreements and regulation
- •Market overview
- •Market structure
- •Policy and regulation
- •Secondary power trading arrangements
- •SAPP
- •SIEPAC
- •Market overview
- •Nascent power trading arrangements
- •SARI/EI
- •Market overview
- •Market structure
- •Key findings: Lessons for ASEAN
- •Drivers and benefits
- •Design options and minimum requirements
- •The need for enabling institutions
- •Financial implications of regional institutions
- •References
- •5. Establishing multilateral power trade in an ASEAN context
- •Minimum requirements for establishing multilateral power trade
- •Harmonised technical standards (grid codes)
- •Summary of minimum level of grid code harmonisation
- •Building off existing efforts: The GMS grid codes
- •External (third-party) access to domestic grids
- •Wheeling charge methodology
- •Data and information sharing requirements
- •Dispute resolution mechanism
- •Other minimum requirements
- •Funding implications of stepwise implementation
- •Role of institutions
- •Overview of existing ASEAN regional institutions
- •ASEAN Secretariat
- •HAPUA
- •AERN
- •Mechanism for settling transactions
- •Potential role of a CCP
- •Optional requirement: Trading currency or currencies
- •Potential options for regional institutions in ASEAN
- •References
- •6. Models for establishing multilateral power trade in ASEAN
- •Overview of proposed models
- •Establishing harmonised bilateral trade with wheeling
- •Overview of trade model
- •Additional requirements and analytical gaps
- •Potential role of institutions
- •Example transaction
- •Establishing a secondary trading model
- •Overview of trade model
- •Additional requirements and analytical gaps
- •Potential role of institutions
- •Example transaction
- •Establishing a primary trading model
- •Overview of trade model
- •Additional requirements and analytical gaps
- •Potential role of institutions
- •Example transaction
- •7. Implications for ASEAN stakeholders
- •Utilities
- •Regulators
- •Investors
- •Consumers
- •Acronyms and abbreviations
- •Table of contents
- •List of figures
- •List of tables

Establishing Multilateral Power Trade in ASEAN |
AMS perspectives |
Figure 30. Evolution of the Philippines’ power mix, 2016-40
Source: Department of Energy, Philippines (2016), Power Development Plan (2016-2040).
The primary evolution in the Philippines power mix will be in baseload generation, whereas the secondary evolution will be in mid-merit generation.
The PDP does not include any cross-border transmission development. However, the Philippines is part of the BIMP–EAGA initiative, which includes an interconnection component.
Similarly, noted in AIMS II is the possibility to develop interconnections with Malaysia via HVDC cables connecting from Sabah to Palawan. According to another more recent study, there is also the possibility of connecting Sabah and Mindanao (Philippines). If such interconnectors were developed, the Philippines would likely be a net importer.
References
Department of Energy, Philippines (2016), Power Development plan (2016-2040), Department of Energy, Philippines, www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/electric_power/development_plans/pdp_2016-2040.pdf.
Electricity Du Cambodge and Chugo Epco (2015), Final Report for Cambodia Power Development Master Plan, the Kingdom of Cambodia.
Energy Policy and Planning Office (2019), Thailand Power Development Plan 2018-2037 (PDP2018), Thailand Ministry of Energy, www.eppo.go.th/images/Infromation_service/public_relations/PDP2018/PDP2018.pdf.
Government of Malaysia (2015), 11th Malaysia Development Plan, Government of Malaysia, Malaysia
PT PLN (2017), RUPTL PLN 2018-2027, PLN, www.djk.esdm.go.id/index.php/rencana- ketenagalistrikan/ruptl-pln.
National Energy Management Committee (2015), Myanmar Energy Master Plan, The Government of the Rebublic of the Union of Myanmar, www.burmalibrary.org/docs22/2015-12- Myanmar_Energy_Master_Plan.pdf.
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